Administration of Pharmacologic Agents

Administration of Pharmacologic Agents

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  1 Administration of Pharmacologic Agents PrescriptionElements/ Abbreviations Five Rights Dosage Routes & Forms The ALLERGY Reaction
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  3 Prescription Orders ♦RX –Verbal orders –Telephoneorders –Written orders –E-fill
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  4 Prescription Elements ~~~ ♦Patient’s name, address, phone #, dob ♦ Date the Rx was written ♦ Name of the drug/device ♦ Strength, amount & refills ♦ Signa – directions for use ♦ Prescriber’s name, title, address, phone # ♦ Calif. License #, DEA number ♦ DAW (Dispense as Written) ♦ Prescriber’s signature
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  5 Pharmacy Abbreviations ~~~ ♦Measurement (Amounts) ♦ Bodily Functions (Conditions) ♦ Route ♦ Form (Delivery System) ♦ Drug References ♦ Time of Administration ♦ Site of Administration (Part of the Body) ♦ Pharmacy Instruction
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  6 Five Rights ofDrug Administration ♦ Right Medicine ♦ Right Amount ♦ Right Time ♦ Right Route ♦ Right Patient ♦ #6! Right Documentation
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  7 Reasons for DifferentRoutes of Administration ♦ Convenience ♦ Preferred route is unavailable ♦ Rapid onset of action is desired ♦ Target delivery of drug to specific site of action ♦ Prolong duration of action
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  8 Dosage Routes Forms ♦ Oral(by mouth) – Swallowed – SL – Buccal ♦ Parenteral (injection) – IV,IM,SQ ♦ Topical – Applied to surface of skin or mucous membranes ♦ Tabs, caps, sol, elix, susp, lozenges, etc.. ♦ Solutions & suspensions ♦ Ung, crm, ltn, otic, opth, inhalants, suppos ♦ Rectal/vaginal ♦ Nasogastral
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  The ALLERGIC Reaction
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  11 Four Type ofAllergic Reactions ♦ Type I (anaphylactic reaction) – Immediate reaction that occurs in a previously sensitized person. – sudden, severe bronchospasm & hypotension, followed by rapid death. – N/V/convulsions, cyanosis, vascular collapse, cardiac arrest. – Sample drugs: penicillins and cephalosporins. – TX: antihistamines, epinephrine & bronchodilators.
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  12 Type of AllergicReactions cont. ♦ Type II (cytotoxic reaction) – Autoimmune response involving drug and IgG or IgM. – Drugs: methyldopa, PCN, quinidine, procainamide – TX- remove medication ♦ Type III (immune complex-serum sickness) – Delayed fever, angioedema, swollen lymph nodes – Drugs: PCN, Sulfas, Phenytoin ♦ Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity reaction – Direct skin contact inflammatory reaction – Poison ivy/oak
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  The ALLERGIC Response
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  15 Natural Chemicals &Response Histamines *blood vessels dilate *increase capillary permeability/edema *uticaria/dermatitis *rhinitis *decrease vascular resistance/blood pressure *increase GI secretions *bronchial constriction Prostaglandins *uterine spasms *relax arterial smooth muscle *decrease BP *increase HR/CO/RBF *increase loss of H20 and Na+ *increase GI secretions *increase pain & inflammation Leukotrienes *edema *increase mucus secretions *10-1000 times more potent than Histamine
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  16 Summary Slide ♦ Understandthe 5 /6 rights ♦ Recognize common dosage forms ♦ Know routes of administration ♦ Factors that influence drugs effects ♦ Natural chemicals action & response