Adolescent RH Oplan Kalusugugan sa DepED.pptx

Adolescent
Reproductive Health

What is Reproductive Health?
Reproductive Health is a state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity in all matters
relating to the reproductive system and to its
functions and processes
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)
and World Health Organization

The Definition of RH Implies that:
 Everybody has the right to remain free of
disease, disability or death associated with their
sexuality and reproduction
 Every individual has the right to access to
information on sexuality and other reproductive
health matters to achieve their individual’s
reproductive health goals

The Definition of RH Implies that:
 Couples must exercise their rights with
responsibility. This means that each partner must
provide mutual protection from unwanted pregnancy
as well as from harmful reproductive practices and
violence.
 Everyone has the right to a satisfying and safe
sex life. This means that everyone should have a
control and freedom over their sexual relations
including protection from reproductive infections and
harmful reproductive practices and violence.

ARH
• Establish RH hubs/teen centers in coordination
with DOH/RHU
• Conduct of screening for adolescent health
problems
• Provision of iron supplementation for G7 to 12
female learners (WIFA)
• Conduct of basic counseling for reproductive
health
• Capacitation of guidance counselor on the
adolescent health

ARH
• Monitor the integration of health and nutrition
concepts into the curriculum by teachers
• Implement the Menstrual Health Management
(MHM) component of the WinS Policy
• Implement the Comprehensive Sexuality
Education (CSE) through the Bureau of
Curriculum Development

TheTen Elements of Reproductive Health
1. Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition - covers the
safety and health during pregnancy and care and support to
the pregnant woman during and after delivery. It also covers
the health of the .
2. Family Planning - covers the different methods of
preventing pregnancy, the advantages and disadvantages of
methods, their mode of action and efficacy
3. Prevention and Control of ReproductiveTract
Infections and SexuallyTransmitted Infections and
HIV-AIDS – covers the different forms of infections, and ways
how to prevent them. It also includes proper diagnosis,
management and treatment and referral.

The Ten Elements of Reproductive Health
4. Prevention of Abortion and Management of Complications –
covers discussion of its complications and the proper management
and treatment of cases arising from abortion
5. Education and Counselling on Sexuality – covers education and
information regarding sexuality, their components, and how
individuals differ in orientation.Also includes discussions on healthy
sex practices and life styles
6. Adolescent Reproductive Health – encompasses the different
changes that happen during adolescence, their challenges and the
risks they are faced with. It also includes appropriate RH health
services and information be made available to adolescents.

The Ten Elements of Reproductive Health
7. Violence AgainstWomen and Children - this is to assist women
and children who are victims of rape and sexual harassment as well as
domestic violence.
8. Men’s Reproductive Health – addresses the unique RH needs of men
and ways to involve them to support women’s RH decisions
9. Breast and ReproductiveTract Cancers and other Gynecological
Conditions. Provides in-depth understanding of the different diseases,
their causes and ways to how to be protected from these diseases.
10. Prevention andTreatment of Infertility and Sexual Disorders.
Highlights discussion on infertility and assists / counsel couples who have
difficulty in achieving pregnancy.

Definition of adolescence
ADOLESCENCE
- A period of transition from childhood to adulthood
- when an individual is no longer a child....
BUT...not yet an adult
- An individual undergoes enormous physical,
psychological, mental / cognitive changes

Adolescence
– In terms of physical development, it is a period
of life beginning with the appearance of
secondary sexual characteristics, and ending
with the cessation of bodily changes
– From concrete thinking, develops the capacity
for abstract and critical thinking

What is PUBERTY
Puberty is almost synonymous with adolescence
refers to the biological changes that occur during the
transition from childhood to adulthood
Is the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics
as a result of hormonal stimulation (Luteinizing
Hormones, Follicle Stimulating Hormones )
is not an isolated event… but represents a transitional
period on the continuum between the juvenile state
and adulthood

When does puberty start?
For GIRLS
 average at 10 years
 as early as 8 years
 as late as 13 years
For BOYS
 average at 11 years
 as early as 9 years
 as late as 14 years
 For Boys: consistently 2 years later than girls
Each adolescent has his/ her Unique tempo …. Biological changes vary
in time of onset and duration.....YET....these changes fall into definite and
predictable patterns

Synthesis
 The physical changes during adolescence can affect
the body image of young person
– It is important to develop a positive body image as it
affects ones self-esteem
 It is also important to take good care and respect
oneself
– Avoid engaging in activities that can threaten ones
health and good future
– Observe proper hygiene and grooming like taking a
bath daily, wearing clean clothes, regular brushing of
teeth etc.

FEMALE MALE
1. Breast Budding (lumalaki) 1. Growth of testes and scrotum
(lumalaki)
2. Growth of Bony Pelvis (lumalaki) 2. Straight pubic hairs (tumutubo)
3. Growth spurt (lumalaki) 3. First ejaculation (nagkakaroon)
4. Pubic hair (tumutubo) 4. Growth spurt (lumalaki)
5. First menstrual period or
menarche (nagkakaroon)
5. Voice change – growth of larynx
(lumalaki)
6. Underarm hair and coarser body
hair (tumutubo)
6. Underarm and coarser body hair
(tumutubo)
7. Oil and sweat – producing glands
(nagkakaroon)
7. Oil & sweat glands activated
(nagkakaroon)
8. Completion of growth of uterus
and vagina (lumalaki)
8. Facial hair (tumutubo)
Physical Body Changes

Psychological Changes during Adolescence
The emotional and behavioural and social
changes in adolescence are driven by
“DevelopmentalTasks” expected from
adolescents and youth to achieve or attain

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
“Tasks” of Adolescents
1.Identity. Adolescents struggle to define themselves
and what they want to accomplish.
– This process involves experimenting.
2.Independence. Adolescents need to become less
dependent on parents.They begin to shift from
parents to peers to belief systems in order to achieve
independence.
– This shift is strong and may involve rebellion or
may cause conflict with the parents

3. Intimacy. Adolescence is a time of preparation
for loving relationships.Adolescents are learning to
express and manage emotions.
– They are developing the capacity to love and be
loved, and to be intimate in relationship with others.
4. Integrity. Adolescents must develop a foundation
for sorting out values. Parents have provided a base
for this.
– However, there is tremendous amount of other input
at this time—peers, media, school, etc.,Adolescents
are deciding to believe in and how to behave.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

5. Sexuality
– in humans, sexuality encompasses the entire bio-psycho-
social complex related to the maleness or femaleness of
the individual, including values, attitudes, appearance, etc.,
as it manifests in the personality of the individual
6. Intellect. The adolescent’s intellectual capacity is
increasing and changing from concrete thinking to
include abstract thinking.
– This increased ability may heighten self –esteem. Some
adolescents tend to overvalue their intellectual theories
and see things from an idealistic point of view.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

Early Sexual Initiation
 Recent statistics showed an increasing number of
young people engaged in premarital sex and other
risky sexual practices.
 Based on theYoung Adults Fertility and Sexuality
survey:
premarital sex prevalence among the aged 15-24 rose
from 18 % in 1994 to 23 % in 2002
Majority of these sexual experiences are spontaneous in
nature, and in most instances, unprotected

 According to 1984-2012 Philippine HIV and AIDS
Registry, of the total 10, 830 reported cases, 24% come
from aged 15-24 year olds.
 Notably, sexual intercourse and needle-sharing among
injecting drug-users are the most common form of
transmission.
 2010 National Demographic and Health Survey
showed that 1 in every 10 women age 15-19 years old
are already mothers or are pregnant with their first
child.

 The increasing prevalence of sexual practices such as:
– early sex
– non-marital sex
– commercial sex
– sex with multiple partners, and
– unprotected sex
make young people sex risky.All these threaten their
health and healthy development, education, economic
situation and general wellbeing

Some reasons YP say yes to sex
 CURIOSITY- Curiosity drives many teenagers to experiment on
sex without knowing its possible consequences such as pregnancy
 REBELLION – against family or authority figures, or social norms.
 CONFORMITY – young people sayYES to sex because most of his
/ her peers, or even an assumption that his/ her social group have
already experienced sex.Also peer pressure may make young people
sayYES to sex.
 SEXUAL CONQUEST – in their efforts to prove their machismo,
usually males have the tendency to count the number of sexual
experiences /relationships.With the changing trends, this also
happens to some females.

Some reasons YP say yes to sex
PHYSICAL SATISFACTION – to satisfy one’s
sexual urges, young people sayYES to sex
“SAVE”THE RELATIONSHIP – sometimes young
people, esp young women, may sayYES to sex because
of perception that if they she said yes to sex, the
partner will stay to “save” the troubling relationship
FEEL INTIMATE AND CARED FOR – for older
youths who have found true love, feel intimate and
cared for, may sayYES to sex express intimate feelings.

Key Points
• Adolescents and youth should not rush to engage in
a sexual relationship.
• They should be fully aware of health, psychological
and economic consequences.
• Before sayingYES to sex for any reason, young
people should ask themselves
“ano ba ang pwedeng mangyari sa akin pag nakipag sex ako?
“kaya ko na bang panindigan yong consequences?

KEY POINTS
 Certain level of maturity, self-awareness, discipline, and
communication skills are required in deciding readiness for sexual
activity
 Sexual relationships in particular are often more comfortable,
satisfying, and safe when both partners
– feel intimate and cared for, and not that they are just a convenient body
– ensure mutual consent, respect, and responsibility
– feel comfortable communicating what they want or do not want
– respect each other’s right not to do anything that feels uncomfortable
– share in the responsibility for using safe and effective methods to prevent
unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV
– know your own and your partners’ status with regard to HIV (and other
STIs); and
– When people have only one sex partner or in a monogamous or “being in
a faithful” relationship

Key Points
 . A “NO” means “NO” verbally and non-verbally. When an
adolescent or youth decided he /she is not ready yet to engage
in sexual activity, one should be able communicate it effectively.
 One should develop the SKILLS FOR SAYING “NO”
 Body Language: Stand tall, keep your head up and keep eye contact.
Feel strong and equal. Believe in yourself.
 Setting the Scene: Decide what you want beforehand, if possible.This
helps you feel in control of the situation. e.g. venue of the date
 Speak personally:
• No, I don’t want to because...
• No, I have a problem with that
• No, I don’t feel ready

Key Points
 SKILLS FOR SAYING “NO”
 Be clear:You don’t need to give a reason. Use short clear
statements, for example:
– I feel uncomfortable about...
– I am unhappy with...
– It scares me when...
 Stay with your statement
Avoid being manipulated into giving further explanations.
Avoid being side-tracked.
 Try to see the situation from their point of view. Don’t
accuse them or blame them for anything, simply state your views
and wishes. Acknowledge that you have heard what the other
person has said, for example:
- Yes, I hear what you are saying and I don’t want to...

SKILLS FOR SAYING “NO”
 Stay with your statement:
Avoid being manipulated into giving further explanations.
Avoid being side-tracked.
 Try to see the situation from their point of view
Don’t accuse them or blame them for anything, simply
state your views and wishes. Acknowledge that you
have heard what the other person has said, for example:
- Yes, I hear what you are saying and I don’t
want to...

YES to RH!
“Aron life in the future
patsada.”

Adolescent RH Oplan Kalusugugan sa DepED.pptx

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