Download to read offline
Uploaded byDr.Vishwajeet Chavan
adolescenthealth.pptx
The document provides a comprehensive overview of adolescent health, emphasizing its stages, growth milestones, and significant health issues faced by adolescents worldwide and in India. It highlights the impact of physical, psychological, and behavioral changes during adolescence, as well as the need for improved health programs and education to address challenges such as mental health, nutrition, and reproductive health. The document also discusses various initiatives in India aimed at enhancing adolescent health, including counseling services, nutrition support, and awareness programs on sexual health and rights.
In this document
Powered by AI
Introduction to adolescent health importance, stages in adolescence, global context including issues and prevention strategies.
Definition of adolescence (10-19 years), various phases: early, middle, late adolescence, and the growth changes experienced during these stages.
Key physical, psychological and behavioral milestones such as growth spurts, sexual maturity and development of identity.
Statistics on adolescent deaths from preventable causes, pregnancy complications, and early pregnancies, especially in low-income countries.
Demographic statistics indicating 20% of India's population is adolescent, highlighting issues like unsafe motherhood and the need for health programs.
Growth trends including height, weight gain, and bone mass accumulation during adolescence, indicating significant changes.
Behavioral changes such as mood swings, the desire for privacy, increased cognition and risks, and peer influence during adolescence.
Differences in sexual development for boys and girls, outlining the stages and specific changes happening during adolescence.
The importance of counseling at different stages of adolescence focusing on concrete thinking in early years to abstract reasoning in later years.
Discussion on the burden of mental health issues; most adult disorders begin in childhood or adolescence necessitating timely intervention.
Emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive sex education to tackle issues like STI management, contraception, and safe sexual practices.
Introduction to various health problems faced by adolescents.
Statistics revealing leading causes of death in adolescents aged 15-19, highlighting suicide, accidents, anemia, and other major health issues.
Discussion on undernutrition, its implications such as anemia, and reasons for iron deficiency in adolescents.
Overview of obesity prevalence and eating disorders among adolescents, with statistics on obesity rates.
Concerns surrounding teenage pregnancies, complications, infections, and menstruation irregularities.
Highlighting the alarming rates of STDs among Indian adolescents, with a focus on HIV/AIDS infections.
Categories of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and their prevalence among adolescents.
Discussion on various behavioral issues including substance abuse, criminal behavior, and their implications.
The importance of social factors impacting adolescent health, focusing on parental awareness and socio-economic status.
Summary of government programs aimed at improving adolescent health and nutrition.
Key strategies in RMNCH+A focusing on nutrition, reproductive health services, and education.
Programs for nutrition education and supplementation initiatives addressing anemia amongst adolescents.
Details on health service delivery, counseling, and clinical services aimed at supporting adolescent health.
Schemes to improve menstrual hygiene through awareness and provision of sanitary products.
New approaches in school health programs including mobile health camps and preventive checkups.
Strategic programs like Kishori Shakti Yojana aimed at empowerment, health, and education for girls.
Educational programs focusing on HIV education, safe practices, and life skills for adolescents.
Importance of life skills education aimed at equipping adolescents with decision-making, coping strategies, and health awareness.
More Related Content
![Adolescent Sexual & Reproduction Health pp (2) [Autosaved].pptx](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/adolescentsexualreproductionhealthpp2autosaved-241115184007-7db3a0ab-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to adolescenthealth.pptx
adolescenthealth.pptx
- 1.
- 3. OVERVIEW 3 ⚫Importance of adolescenthealth ⚫Stages in adolescence ⚫Adolescence- worldwide & India ⚫Growth- physical, psychological & sexual growth ⚫Adolescent health issues ⚫Prevention ⚫Adolescent health programmes
- 4. ADOLESCENCE 4 ⚫Origin from Latinword – adolescere– to grow into maturity. ⚫Phase of human development encompassing the transition from childhood to adulthood. ⚫WHO – age period between 10 – 19 years for (both sexes)
- 5. ADOLESCENT 5 ⚫Adolescence ⚫Early Adolescence ⚫Middle adolescence: ⚫Late adolescence ⚫Youth ⚫Young people : 10 – 19 years : 10 – 13 years 14 – 16 years : 17 – 19 years : 15 – 24 years : 10 - 24 years
- 6. 6 ⚫ Early adolescence(10-13): is characterized by a spurt of growth, and the beginning of sexual maturation. Young peoplestart to think abstractly. ⚫ Mid-adolescence (14-15): main physical changesget completed, while the individual developsa strongersenseof identity, and relates more strongly to his or her peer group. Thinking becomes more reflective.
- 7. ⚫Later adolescence (16-19):the body takes its adult form, while the individual now has a distinct identity and more settled ideasand opinions. 7
- 8. IMP. Milestone OFLIFE 8 ⚫Majorphysical, psychological and behavioural changes takeplace. ⚫Sexual maturity & onset of sexual activity. ⚫Development of adult mental process & adult identity. ⚫Great human resource forthesociety. ⚫Growth spurtand physical activity. ⚫Menstruation. ⚫Marriage/Pregnancy.
- 9. GLOBAL ADOLESCENT HEALTH 9 ⚫1-2million adolescents die every year mostly from preventableor treatablecauses. ⚫Road traffic injurieswere the leading causeof death according to WHO, inadolescent age. ⚫Globally, thereare about 50 births per 1000 girlsaged 15 to 19 per year. ⚫Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start by age 14, but mostcases are undetected and untreated.
- 10. GLOBAL ADOLESCENT HEALTH 10 ⚫Complicationslinked to pregnancyand childbirthare the second causeof death for 15-19-year-old girls globally. ⚫Some 11% of all births worldwide are to girls aged 15 to 19 years, and thevast majorityare in low- and middle-income countries.
- 11. ADOLESCENT IN INDIA ⚫Nearly20% of population in Indiaare Adolescent. ⚫Half of which is sexuallyactive before marriage. ⚫As fertility rate is high in adolescent unsafe motherhood MMR & IMR ⚫Low knowledge about familyplanning & healthysexuality 11
- 12. ADOLESCENT IN INDIA 12 ⚫Thisage group is in a transient phase of life thus requires proper nutrition, education, guidance to ensure their devp. Into healthy adults. ⚫GOI recognized the potential as it is key determinant of India’s overall health so launched Adolescent reproductive and sexual health programme (ARSH) and Adolescent friendly health clinics (AFHC) at all levels of care.
- 13. PHYSICAL GROWTH 13 SKELETAL GROWTH -Secondarygrowthspurt – 25% of adult height BODY COMPOSITION -Weightgain -Increase in adipose tissue in girls -Increase muscle mass in case of boys
- 14. PHYSICAL GROWTH 14 ⚫The majorgrowthduring adolescence are 1. Height: nearlyone-fifth (20%) of theadult height is gained during adolescence. 2. Weight gain: About 25–50% of the final adult weight is gained during adolescence. 3. Almost 50% of bone mass is accumulated by theend of 2nd decade of life.
- 15. ⚫Less interest inlistening advice from parents. ⚫Mood swings. ⚫Intense relationshipwith friends. (same & opposite sex Increased cognition) ⚫Increased need forprivacy. ⚫Lack of impulsecontrol. ⚫Increased intellectual ability. ⚫Risk- taking behaviour. 15 Psychological changes
- 16. SEXUAL DEVP. 16 GIRLS BOYS Breastdevp. 8-12 years (Thelarche) Testicular enlargement by 9 years Development of public hairs-14 years ( Pubarche ) Development of pubic hair 10-15 years Growth spurt begins by 10 Enlargement of larynx, pharynx- voice break Menarche by 9-16 years Weight gain and increased muscle mass by 11-16 Enlargement of ovaries,utreus,clitoris Growth of facial and body hair
- 17. ADOLESCENT COUNSELLING 17 ⚫Early adolescence(10–13 yrs) -concrete thinkers and are unable toclearly understand thecauseand effects. ⚫ Mid-adolescence (14–17 yrs) - think more abstractly. typically, theyarecapable of complex logical thinking. ⚫Late adolescence (18–19 yrs)- have understanding of how their behaviours affect their health. ⚫Counselling focus on risky behaviourand coping skills.
- 18. ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH 18 ⚫This results in high levelsof medical, social and economic burden. ⚫ Mostof theadult mental health disorders have theironset during theirchildhood oradolescence. ⚫ In low- and middle-income countries, including India, adolescentswith mental health problems needsattention. ⚫ An effective way to address is by enhancing the primary-care paediatrician (PCP) in the recognition, treatment and referral of theadolescentsto mental health specialists.
- 19. ADOLESCENT SEXUAL HEALTH 19 ⚫Sexeducation is important at all ages, but it is more important than it is imparted during childhood and adolescence. ⚫It is necessary till 45 yrs of age. ⚫This includes contraception, safe abortion, diagnosis and management of STI’s including HIV.
- 20. SEX EDUCATION 20 ⚫ Itconsist of knowledge regarding reproduction and safe sexual practices. ⚫Assessing risky behavior ⚫Contraception ⚫Counselling & education related to STI’s ⚫Also to avoid any deviation from natural sexual practices.
- 21.
- 22. TOP KILLERS OFADOLESCENTS IN INDIA 22 SPECIFIC CAUSE 15-19 YEARS Suicide 23.5% Drowning 28.6% RTA(accidents) 22.5% Anaemia 13.9% TB 7.0% Burns 13.2% cancer 6.1
- 23. ADOLESCENT NUTRITION 23 ⚫ UNDERNUTRITION -leadsto impaired growth, anemia, iodine deficiency. ⚫ IRON DEFICIENCYANEMIA -prevalence in adolescentgirls range from 22-91% - NFHS : prevalence in 15-49 women 56% prevalence in 15-49 men 24% -
- 24. reason for irondeficiency in adolescence- 1. increased requirement for growth 2. loss during menstruation 3. dislike of iron rich food 4. frequent dieting
- 25. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS 25 ⚫OBESITY - prevalenceof obesityand overweight is 11.1% and14.2% respectively. - prevalence is higher in boys. ⚫EATING DISORDER LIKE- - Anorexia nervosa - Binge-eating
- 26. REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS 26 ⚫ Teenagepregnancy(16-19% of total pregnancies) -preterm labour - intrauterinegrowth retardation. ⚫ genital tract infection ⚫ Abortion related problems -unsafeabortions ⚫ Irregular menstrual cycles ⚫ Vulvovaginitisand Urologic issues
- 27. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES 27 •HIV/AIDS – young people between 10-25 make 50% of new HIV infection. • 1 out of 20 adolescents in India contracts– STDs -syphilis -gonorrhea
- 28. MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS 28 ⚫Depression&suicide ⚫Psychosis ⚫Mania ⚫Anxietydisorder
- 29. BEHAVIOUR PROBLEMS 29 ⚫Drug experimentation ⚫Substanceabuse - tobacco, alcohol, illicitdrug ⚫Criminal behaviour - keeping knife, rods , rash driving ⚫Violence
- 30. SOCIAL FACTORS INADOLESCENT HEALTH 30 ⚫Parents perceptions, awareness aboutadolescent plays majorrole in adolescent health. ⚫School dropouts. ⚫Female literacy. ⚫Economically weaker society . ⚫Health seeking behavior
- 31. PROGRAMMES IN INDIAthat are helpful in addressing problems of ADOLESCENT HEALTH 31 ⚫Kishori Shatki Yojana: to improve the health and nutritional status of women. ⚫Balika Samridhi Yojana: To Delay theage of marriage. ⚫Reproductiveand Child Health Programme ⚫Adolescent Friendly Health Services ⚫National AIDS ControlProgramme
- 32. “Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn,Child and Adolescent Health”(RMNCH+A) STRATERGY 32 Priority intervention areaon adolescent health 1. Adolescent nutrition & IFA supplementation. 2. Facility based adolescent reproductiveand sexual health services. 3. Information & counseling on adolescent sexual & reproductive health. 4. Menstrual hygiene. 5. Preventive healthcheckups.
- 33. ADOLESCENT NUTRITION &IFA SUPPLEMENT 33 ⚫ Nutrition education sessions through kishori diwas, ICDS, school curriculum and also linkage with Sakshar Bharat Abhiyan. CHILD HEALTH SCREENING & EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES ⚫ Screening of adolescent for low body mass indexand counseling atadolescent health clinics.
- 34. IFA TABLET ⚫National Iron+initiative programme - for management of anemia. -adolescents (10-19 yrs ) within school weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFS). - outof school will be reached through AWCs. IFA for Adolescent BLUE COLOUR TABLET 34
- 36. Weekly Iron Folicacid Supplementation 36 ⚫ WIFS scheme is community-based intervention address nutritional anemiaamong adolescents. ⚫ Covers mid&lateadolescent. ⚫ Key features 1.weeklysupervised administrationof IFA iron-100 mg FA 500 microgm. 2. biannual deworming. 3.information & counseling for improved dietary intakeand prevention of worm infestation.
- 37. ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY HEALTHSERVICES 37 LEVEL OF CARE SERVICE PROVIDER TARGET ACTIVITY Sub center Health worker/ ANM Married Unmarried During routine sub center clinics PHC & CHC Medical officer Adolescent unmarried boys & girls Once a week teen clinic organized for 2 hours.
- 38. SERVICES IN ADOLESCENTCLINIC 38 ⚫ CLINICAL SERVICES - general examination - nutritionadvise - detect & treatanemia - easy & confidential accessto MTP - antenatal careand adviseregarding childbirth - RTIs/ STIsdetectionand treatment - treatmentof psychosomaticproblems
- 39. COUNSELLING SERVICES ⚫Voluntary counselling& testing center (VCTC) is the process by which an individual undergoes confidential HIV counseling to explore his /her risk of HIV infection and exercises an informed choice regarding HIV testing
- 40. SCHEME FOR MENSTURALHYGINE ⚫Scheme promote better hygiene and ensure adequate knowledge and information about useof sanitary napkins. ⚫Sanitary napkins are provided by NHM in the name ‘free days’ 40
- 41. PREVENTIVE HEALTH CHECKUPS 41 ⚫Newapproach in the implementationof school health programme ⚫Mobile School health camps by a team consisting of two medical officers( MBBS/ dental/ AYUSH) and two paramedics ( one ANM anyoneof following : pharmacist/ ophthalmicassistant/ dental assistant)
- 43.
- 44. SABLA ⚫Rajiv Gandhi Schemeforempowerment of AG ⚫200 selected districts ⚫OBJECTIVES - Enable self development & empowerment of AG. - Improve the nutrition & health status. - Awareness about health hygieneand ARSH & familychild care. - Upgrade home based skill and vocational skill. 44
- 45. KISHORI SHAKTI YOJANA 45 ⚫Redesignof thealreadyexisting Adolescent Girls Scheme being implemented as a component under the centrally sponsored ICDS Scheme. ⚫ Aims atempowermentof adolescentgirls, soas toenable them to takechargeof their lives. ⚫ Adolescent girls who are unmarried and belong to families below the poverty lineand school drop-outsare selected and attached to the local Anganwadi Centers for learning and training activities.
- 46. KISHORI SHAKTI YOJANA Scheme-I (Girl to Girl Approach) •Age group of 11-15 years •Belonging to families whose income level is below Rs. 6400/- per annum Scheme-II (Balika Mandal) •Age group 11-18 years irrespective of income levels of the family 46 •Y ounger girls and belonging 11-15 years to poor families
- 47. KISHORI SHAKTI YOJANA 47 ⚫IFAsupplementation along with deworming ⚫Education forschool dropouts and functional literacy among illiterateadolescent girls ⚫Non-formal education toadolescent girls. Emphasison life education aspects including physical, developmental and sex education is given.
- 48. NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME 48 •Under NACO Adolescent Education Programme developed which focuses primarilyon prevention through awareness. • The Adolescent Education Programme is one of the key policy initiativesof NACP II. • Relevant messages on safesex, sexualityand relationships are developed and disseminated for youth via posters, booklets, panels and printed material.
- 49. THE ADOLESCENT EDUCATION PROGRAMME(AEP) 49 •Co-curricularadolescenceeducation in classes IX-XI. • Lifeskillseducation in classes I- VIII • Inclusion of HIV prevention education in pre-service and in- service teacher training and teachereducation programmes. • Inclusion of HIV prevention education in the programmes for out-of-school adolescentsand young persons. • Incorporating measures to prevent stigma and discrimination against learners/students and educators and life skills education intoeducation policy for HIV prevention.
- 50. YUVA 50 ⚫ YUVA (YouthUnite forVictoryon AIDS) -Yuvacomprising sevenyouth organisations. -AIDS prepared Campus, AIDS prepared Communityand AIDS prepared Country. -Prevention, educationand lifeskills forpromoting healthy and safe behaviour and practices amongst them young people. ⚫ Red Ribbon Club (RRC) -This club is established in every school and college to provide youth with access to information on HIV/AIDS and voluntary blood donation.
- 52. INFORMATION & COUNSELLINGON ADOLESCENT SEXUAL HEALTH 52 ⚫LIFE SKILLS “ theabilities foradaptiveand positive behaviourthat enable individuals to deal effectivelywith thedemands and challenges of everyday life” – WHO “ a behaviour change or behaviour development approach designed to address a balance of three areas: knowledge, attitudeand skills” - UNICEF
- 53. LIFE SKILL EDUCATION 53 ⚫Teachingthrough participatory learning methods like games, role plays , groupdiscussion and practicing skills through experimental learning in a non threatening setting. ⚫It provides individual with widealternative and creating way of solving problems pertaining to drug use, sexual abuse, teenage pregnancy, early sexual experimentation, bullying. ⚫It’s a promotional program which improve positive health & self esteem.
- 54. LIFE SKILLS ⚫To betaughtat school level - critical thinking & creative thinking - decision making & problem solving - communication skills & interpersonal relation - coping with emotion and stress - self awareness & empathy ⚫Lifeskills and education are incorporated through schools, ICDS and community outreach session. ⚫Teachers, AWW,ANM are to be trained in counseling. 54