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ADP FINAL SITE ANALYSIS 2019

The document provides an overview of the history and development of Johor Bahru, Malaysia from the 1830s to present. It describes how the Chinese first settled along the Segget River in the 1830s and established communities along Jalan Trus for trading. It then discusses the various phases of development in Johor Bahru from the early 1900s through the 1980s as more ethnic groups migrated there and the urban landscape transformed. This included the expansion of infrastructure like roads, markets and transportation networks to accommodate the growing population diversity and density over time.

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Introduction to Johor Bahru (Heritage?) Town Paying Homage to the Urban Morphology & History of SIte Sense of Place
Sungai Segget ‘The Mother River’
Sungai Segget ‘The Mother River’ During the 1830s the Chinese settled in Singapore and Tanjung Puteri Harbor (now known as Johor Bahru). First founded along Jalan Trus, where people socialized and traded. It is connected to a waterfront, and was convenient for transportation and loading and unloading of goods. Founding of Jalan Trus along the River 1830-1887
1900 - 1920 Export of Pepper and Gambier Old Segget Market Trading Malay Peninsula Railway Extension
1920 - 1940 Johor- Singapore Causeway Indian Community along Jalan Trus
Chingay parade [1950's] at Jalan Tan Hiok Nee with the Red House in the background Boats [sampan] used to sail along Sungai Segget under bridges 1940 - 1980 Rural-Urban Migration of Malays Close the gap between communities High density and congestion of people Disappearance of Chinese water-based market
Unifying Chinese Community through Cultural Festivals
Infrastructure built With bus terminals, food courts and wet markets all built to cater for the communities daily needs
1980 -1991 Urban design in town planning Segget River closed down
Segget River A starting point of development
Bukit Timbalan Jalan Trus Waterfront MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION & TRADING 1855-1885 Segget River as Segget River as a starting point of development
Bukit Timbalan Jalan Trus Waterfront Religious Building Train Station Segget Old Market Johor Causeway MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION & TRADING COVERED --->FLOODING 1855-1885 Segget River as 1940-1980 Segget River as Segget River as a starting point of development
Religious Building Train Station Segget Old Market Johor Causeway Segget River as a starting point of development MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION & TRADING LONGKANG? 1855-1885 Segget River as 1940-1980 Segget River as 2000-NOW Segget River as Heritage Building Pasar Karat Dataran Segget Bukit Timbalan Jalan Trus Waterfront COVERED ---> FLOODING
LANDMARKS RAJAMARIAMMAN HINDU TEMPLE KEDAI KOPI DAN MAKANAN KIN WAH HIAP JOO BAKERY JOHOR BAHRU CHINESE HERITAGE MUSEUM RED HOUSE SALAHUDDIN BAKERY MASJID INDIA
Chinese settled near waterfront, And Still Occupies Most Of That Area Indian community first settled along Jalan Trus in 1900s Malays reside at villages around city center
LAND USE
DISTRICT
DISTRICT commercial commercial cultural
SITE REQUIREMENTS Site Requirements Total Land Area 3335.5 m Plinth area <60% Including car parks, walking pavement, loading bay, rubbish collection, & utilities Setback Front: 6m + 2m (greenery) Sides and back: 6m Height control: ≤4 storeys Parking requirement: (site area - 30% for utilities) ÷ standard size of carpark lots = 140 parking lots
Sense of Place
The Shadowed Old Amongst The New
Heritage Walk turned Bazaar
Mismatch City Background
Touch of Community
Intermix of different eras of shophouse Colours as an Attractor to stand out among others New development Out of Place Strong sense of Street Character with unified colour theme JALAN DHOBY JALAN SEGGET JALAN TAN HIOK NEE JALAN TRUS
Historical Void Pedestrian
Concept Context Content
Concept Context Content
Celebrating Coexistence
Concept Context Content
TANGIBLE
INTANGIBLE
Role of Johor Bahru Legibility Analysis
Celebrating Coexistence Role of Johor Bahru Concept Context
Footprints of ‘JB Lang’
Temporal Analysis of Vehicular Intensity DAY HIGH TRAFFIC MODERATE TRAFFIC LOW TRAFFIC NIGHT MARKET NIGHT MARKET PARKING NIGHT business alongside JALAN TAN HIOK NEE Primary attraction local shopping and eating Jalan closes up for night market Congested & busy streets gathering and buying food
Potential Points of Entry
JALAN TAN HIOK NEE
Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Elements of Walkability Street Furniture Benches are available on the extended walkway for temporary rests. Covered 5ft-Walkway Extended Walkway Tree Providing Shade Shadow at 10AM Majority of the 5ft-walkways are empty Used as pedestrian paths Some shops exhibit their products Restaurants have tables and chairs there.
JALAN TRUS
Jalan Trus Elements of Walkability Covered 5ft-Walkway Tree Providing Shade Shadow at 10AM Narrow walkway with lamp post Traffic Congestion Narrow walkway is disrupted every few metres by lamp posts which pedestrians have to avoid.
JALAN SEGGET
Jalan Segget Elements of Walkability Covered 5ft-Walkway Tree Providing Shade Extended Roof Large Walkway Shadow at 10AM Large trees provide ample shading along this street. Wide street - one lane in the centre Parkings at either side act as barrier to the pedestrians, enforce a sense of security
JALAN DHOBY
Jalan Dhoby Elements of Walkability Covered 5ft-Walkway Extended Walkway Shadow at 10AM Narrow Street Narrowness of the street enclosure as well as the height of the shophouses make the street claustrophobic.
SHOPLOT BACK-ALLEY
Shoplot Back-alley Elements of Walkability Shadow at 10AM Only Pedestrian Alley not accessible to vehicles, pedestrians are able to walk leisurely and safely.
RIVERSIDE
Riverside Elements of Walkability Green Space Shadow at 4PM Large trees provide shading Public realm equipped with street benches
Life between Buildings
Sungai Segget Jalan Segget SITE A Multi-storey building block reduces visual permeability to site A. Primary seating increase human density & interaction at night. Wider road lane facilitates faster vehicle movement. Dedicated pedestrian walkway sets building back from road, creating buffer zone. Street light illuminates night activity and increases sense of security Shady open spaces gather pedestrians, forming a place of congregation Performance on bridge as temporal node that continues the liveliness of night Bazaar. To Jalan Wong Ah Fook. SECTION A-A’ ANALYSIS A A’ A A’
SITE A Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Deep sloping onsite Royal crown streetscape manifests the JB state identity Cultural events (esp Lantern parade) taking place alongside Jalan Tan Hiok Nee at night Visual clutter of condenser on building facade in the back alley Jalan Trus Narrower road lane causes traffic congestion day and night To Jalan Pahang. A’ A” SECTION A’-A’’ ANALYSIS
Quality of Public Realm Morning Green Space Open Plaza Greeneries, Shaded spaces Where are the people? Quality street furniture for street comfort
Night High level of contact intensity Outdoor Activity Happening PEOPLE attract people Busking Street performance Container dining Dining & performance Street singing
Jalan Wong Ah Fook Jalan Pahang SITE A Sungai Segget. Jalan Segget. Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Export of gambir & pepper worldwide Pollution River rejuvenation Themotherriver changeofliveliness fromdaytonight changeofCommunities fromdaytonight Nature of open spaces changes As parking lots in the morning As bazaar & street performance spaces at night Shady green open spaces less appreciated in the morning Users group changes Chinese heritage street in the morning As Malay bazaar at night
Urban Wall of the Heritage Town
Site A Jalan Segget CONTRAST CORNER NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARRO W NARROW NARROW EDGE Site A Horizontal Rhythm Contrasting corner Vertical Rhythm Shophouse enveloped by corner block Window patterning The hierarchy of modern glass facade towards the old Skyline Shophouses hidden in view upon entering Site A Site A
Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Window patterning Similar window pattern although underwent construction Skyline Variety of rhythm on roofscape Vertical rhythm The height of building decreases creates a stepped effect Horizontal rhythm Usage of five foot walkway with outdoor seatings for eateries CONTRAST CORNER NARROW NARROW NARROW OUTDOOR SEATINGS NARROW NARROW NARROW EDGE AS GATHERING SPACE FIT INTO
Jalan Dhoby Window patterning Continuity of facade does not reflect in the similar patterning as renovation works has been done to most of the shops Skyline Constant shape of roofscape Vertical rhythm Consistent rhythm with same height with all of the shophouse Horizontal rhythm Continuity of facade creates visual connectivity CONTRAST NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW CORNER
Jalan Trus Window patterning Rhythmic window pattern Skyline Roofscape constant Vertical rhythm The difference of height in the Art-Deco style of shophouse Horizontal rhythm Contrasting change of style that breaks the continuity of urban wall Site A Site A CONNECT NAR ROW NARR OW NARR OW NARR OW NAR ROW NARR OW NARR OW NARR OW NAR ROW CONNECT COR- NER OLD OLD NEW TI NY NARRO W END Site A Site A
Celebrating Coexistence Role of Johor Bahru Public Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context
Celebrating Coexistence Role of Johor Bahru Public Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context Community
Community or Communities? What are their identities?
‘JB Lang’ & where they go
Busking at Open Plaza Busking at the Bridge Chinese Society Performance ThinkCity Event Space Board of Events at Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Seasonal Node
Bazaar Karat Kin Hua Kopitiam Hookah District 2.0 Persatuan Shirdi Sai Baba Hiap Joo Bakery Hookah District Cafe Kopitiam & Cafes Bazaar Karat Hiap Joo Bakery Shirdi Sai Baba Centre Temporal Node
DAY NIGHT Hookah District
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM 6PM - 8PM Hiap Joo Bakery CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM Hiap Joo Bakery CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS Time Gap 6PM - 8PM
Kin Hua Kopitiam TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM 6PM - 8PM CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS
Kin Hua Kopitiam TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM 6PM - 8PM CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS
Sheza Corner Hua Mui Kopitiam Flower in the Window IT ROO Cafe Hiap Joo BakeryRestaurant Kin Hua TEMPORAL NODE Bazaar Karat Bazaar Karat // Congestion at Jalan Trus Persatuan Shirdy Sai Baba Hookah District
Sheza Corner Hua Mui Kopitiam Flower in the Window IT ROO Cafe Hiap Joo BakeryRestaurant Kin Hua TEMPORAL NODE Bazaar Karat Bazaar Karat // Congestion at Jalan Trus Persatuan Shirdy Sai Baba Hookah District TIME GAP?
Time gap?
‘JB Lang’ & who are they? Food Art Market
Food as a cohesive medium Art Market
cafe culturekopitiam culturetraditional bakery culture
traditional bakery coconut bun Inherited tradition charcoal oven-baked goods 79 yearsmoved here from New Delhi running out by 11am since 1919 banana cake third generation 100-year old oven wood fire
kopitiam culture halal kopitiam no pork no lard locality place for gathering for everyone neutral ground
cafe culture cafe havens wacky cafe vibrant cafe culture The Replacement - Lodge Top Johor Bahru Cafes myriad whimsical Flowers In the Window
Food Art as a common expression Market
24 festive drums foster unity among Malaysian common cultural denominator Beating of the drums to share our diverse stories, tradition & experiences invented in 1988 Johor-born art of drumming
Sticks in a bundle can’t be broken but sticks taken singly can be easily broken. Same applies to people. wall art installation created from 1,500 drumsticks. 24 festive drums cafe strength in union from 1 drum to 24 drum a cultural product from ‘JB Lang’
mural art Identities breathing within street art displaying state pride and patriotism art appreciation. Reflect Malaysian life local artists Johor’s kuda kepang cherishing country’s culturally rich society
mapping of mural art it is all over the places
street performance Vibrance filling up the gap between buildings Karaoke & dance Live band Showcasing their passion in art Anywhere can be a stage Busking
mapping of street performance art stage is where the heart is
Time gap? Platform to express?
Food Art Market as a way of communal living
expectation vs reality tourism product products which shows Johor’s Identity Iconic Johor product
expectation vs reality not much local souvenir lovely Indonesian batik shirt do not sell art stuff
Time gap? Lack of authenticity? Platform to express?
JB Lang & what they think
I only come here to work and always leave immediately after work time to avoid the traffic jam when bazaar stalls began setting up. A lot of Singaporean tourists came here on Friday and Saturday. At night, the heritage street becomes a night bazaar where mostly Malay community sells second hand items. Improvement that I hope to see? I just hope the issues of insufficient parking spaces and all the temporary constructions can be resolved. No, I don’t really visit this place at night, even on Saturday where there is chinese cultural activities planned by the Tiong-Hua Association, I don’t really hang around. Mr. Lai, penulis surat at Kaedah Sumpah necessary activities only
You heard about Johor soccer team? Kita orang biasanya kumpul ramai-ramai kat stadium whenever there is a match against other state. Actually Johor is not any less developed compared to KL. We have our own Mid Valley and Paradigm Mall. You see, Johor negeri yang terakhir dijajah oleh British dalam Malaysia. Cultural dance? Saya biasa je kalau join Malay or Indian cultural dances. Tapi malu sikit nak join Chinese cultural dance walaupun kinda interested. Tapi kalau ada kawan join sama-sama, then bolehlah try. proud of Johor Wardatun Najuwa, Form 4 student from SMK Teknik interested in other cultures
I do notice the cultural difference between Singapore and Malaysia. The difference is quite obvious actually but I found it quite interesting, the multiracial culture here. Usually my friend and I visit here during our holidays for shopping and massages. There is quite a lot of barber shops here too. Activities such as designing T-shirts and photography should be interesting as new form of socio-cultural activities. designing shirts & photography Ryan, Singaporean tourist shopping & massages cultural differences
Since the area has become a heritage preserved site, there are more local and international tourists visiting, changing the original lifestyle of the local workers and businessmen around here. Senior workers are not fond with the changes and see it as a disruption to their way of living. Our association is responsible in help promoting and planning chinese cultural activities, such as the annual Chingay Parade “柔佛古庙游神”. During the parade, although the Malay community does not take part directly, they do stay by and watch the activity. It has been a part of their daily life since young. annual Chingay Parade David, Persatuan Tiong-Hua, Chinese Heritage Gallery cultural activities
It took me five years to realize my dream, and now that I have the ability to help, my gallery space can be rented towards any artists from any backgrounds who want to showcase any form of artworks and crafts. I wanted to study fine art but ended up in graphic design, because the norm of society in the past does not see art as a wise choice of career path. My original initiative is to provide a platform for people to explore their interest and passion in art. They can display and sell their art pieces. Being able to witness like-minded people achieving their dreams, is my greatest fortune. Art can be used as the common ground for a socio cultural approach to generate creative mindsets in the society. platform for all Catherine, Senso Gallery art as neutral ground creative mindsets
Tanggal tiga puluh satu~ Bulan lapan lima puluh tujuh~ Merdeka! Merdeka! Tetaplah Merdeka~ Ia pasti menjadi sejarah~ Ibu suruh saya tunggu kat sini sampai dia habis kerja. Dia kerja kat bawah saje, kat Bazaar, jual baju sampai pukul 12. Sini ada abang yang ajar kita orang nyanyi-nyanyian. Hari ini, kita lukis dan warna bendera Malaysia. Abang ajar nyanyi lagu-lagu patriotik. Abang kata, esok Hari Merdeka. Kita harus bangga. parents work at Bazaar Karat Children of Bazaar Karat vendors, Sekolah Baroka night school Sekolah Baroka
Celebrating Coexistence Role of Johor Bahru Community Artistic Sensibilities Food & CulturePublic Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Local Market Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context
Concept Contextual Content
How significant is the City Lobby to Johor Bahru? What can we offer?
Time gap? Lack of authenticity? Platform to express?
time gap? lack of authenticity? platform to express? iconic cultural product strengthen identity infill time gap activities that overlap common ground for all collective & creative
Inclusivity in Division
Celebrating Coexistence Role of Johor Bahru Community Artistic Sensibilities Food & CulturePublic Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Local Market Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context Inclusivity in DivisionContent Socio-Cultural Centre
Precedent Studies
BUNJIL PLACE, AUSTRALIA by fjmt
A help point, a service centre A place of work and collaboration vision: seeks to create authenticity & “place” for the city LOCAL IDENTITY LOSS Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
SENSE OF INVITATION Monumental and civic entry Eagle hawk in flight Bunjil the Creator Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
Woven structure of laminated natural timber Fluid, organic geometry that reinforces the openness and welcoming nature of the complex Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
MEETING OF MANY PATHS Inclusive sense of identity Greetings from multiple languages leading to a focal point A sense of welcome for people of all walks of life Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
PROTECT AND WELCOME Protecting from the noise and pollution of the highway Sense of Ownership by the Community To create a welcoming celebration and backdrop for community life Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
Protecting from the noise and pollution of the highway Welcoming Celebration and Back Drop for community life. Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
INTERCONNECTING FLUID FORM Unifies the complex through overlapping Non-hierarchical space for Gathering Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
FEDERATION SQUARE, AUSTRALIA by Lab Architecture Studio
a complex integration of cultural institutions, public places, and commercial facilities Individual Complex programs = Single Complex form Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
FEDERATION Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio To create a new urban structuring that can respond to new uses Diverse elements that form a complex ensemble of the idiosyncratic and the collective are brought together.
Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio venues of Social, Political and Cultural events Social Meeting Ground varieties of attraction points
EXCESSIVE PERMEABILITY High degree of accessibility , recreational and cultural facilities are interwoven Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
Overstepping traditional boundaries Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
differentiated from each other maintains an overall coherence FACADE Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
Initial position & Design Consideration How can we offer through architecture manipulation?
Time gap?
Animating the Edge Existing Nodes Existing Nodes
Voids to Promote Visual Permeability Void to engage visuality at roofscape level Void as gathering plaza Visual connectivity with external buildings through transparency
Lack of authenticity?
Views from Site blind spot wide view shady trees// neglected space major nodes of eateries
framing view from shophouses parallel to site From higher ground overlooking site obstructing view from the outside Pedestrian pavement not for pedestrians but for cars Views to Site
Views through Site
Views through Site The arch of Tan Hiok Nee overlooking Jalan Segget and get glimpses of the tiger mural
Views through Site Looking through the arch towards the site and shophouse of Jalan Tan Hiok Nee
Views through Site Framing the view from a higher ground of Hookah District 2.0
Platform to express?
Continuation of Back Alley Entry point from back alley
Multi-Facade Multi-faced facade creates diverse spatial experience within Shaping new identity through futuristic architecture
Inside - OUT // Outside - IN Inside- OUT AMPHITHEATRE OPEN YARDS Outside- IN INTERNAL COURTYARD TERRACES PROTRUDING OUTSIDE POCKET SPACES PUBLIC SPACE BETWEEN BLOCKS
Inside - OUT Amphitheatre gathers people with a concave shape and act as a staying by point by the building Terrace or balconies help to project view to the adjacent building. This also acts as a semi-outdoor space for activities
Outside - IN Internal courtyard and pocket spaces can attract people to stay by in the building longer
It’s always the little pieces in life that create the big picture
Ho Yen Liang 0326660 Charlotte Chin Ya-Le 0326940 Lin Shan En 0331085 Wesley Wong Teck Won 0330496 Habeebah Zainab Sayed Hossen 0327492 Hor Xeut Yin 0327770 Dixon Kee Tet Lun 0323944 Kirrthana Nanthini A/P Ravindran 0328102 Masood Laisa 0326705
References Akihisa Hirata: Art Museum and Library Ota Japan | Floornature. (2018). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.floornature.com/akihisa-hirata-art-museum-and-library-ota-japan-14037/ Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://studiogang.com/project/arcus-center-for-social-justice-leadership Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership / Studio Gang. (2014). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.archdaily.com/576630/arcus-center-for-social-justice-leadership-studio-gang Bates, D., & Davidson, P. (1999). Federation Square, Melbourne, Australia Lab Architecture Studio. Assemblage, (40), 57-67. doi:10.2307/3171372 Bazar Karat (Johor Bahru) - 2019 All You Need to Know Before You Go (with Photos) - Johor Bahru, Malaysia | TripAdvisor. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.tripadvisor.com.my/Attraction_Review-g298278-d9803861-Reviews-Bazar_Karat-Johor_Bahru_Johor_Bahru_District_Joh or.html#REVIEWS Bently, I., Alcock, A., & Murrain, P. (2001). Responsive environments. Oxford: Architectural Press. Bunjil Place fjmt. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from http://new.rushi.net/Home/Works/detail/id/217662.html Bunjil Place / fjmt. (2018). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.archdaily.com/897651/bunjil-place-fjmt Bunjil Place / fjmt. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/gada-2018-winners/bunjil-place-fjmt/#cd4d850fc33f0867566c0b7f3c0598b95092f5e7#260 76 Bunjil Place « Victorian Premier's Design Awards. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from http://www.premiersdesignawards.com.au/entry/bunjil-place/ Federation square. (2012). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://architectureau.com/articles/federation-square/ Federation Square. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://architizer.com/projects/federation-square/ Federation Square. (2013). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.architravel.com/architravel/building/federation-square/ Federation Square. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.karresenbrands.nl/project/federation-square
References fjmt designs a new form of community service centre - Australian Design Review. (2019). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/fjmt-designs-new-form-community-service-centre/ Idea 356663: Federation Square by LAB architecture studio in Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://architizer.com/idea/356663/ Kevin Lynch. (2014). Image of the city. Boston: Birkhauser. Llewelyn-Davies (Firm), Alan Baxter & Associates., English Partnerships., & Housing Corporation. (2000). Urban design compendium: English Partnerships, the Housing Corporation. London: English Partnerships. Loh, P. (2016). Old markets and bus teminals. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from http://ppunlimited.blogspot.com/2016/07/old-markets-and-bus-teminals.html OTHMAN, A. (2019). Bazar Karat kekal sebagai produk pelancongan JB. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/32333/EDISI/Johor/Bazar-Karat-kekal-sebagai-produk-pelancongan-JB Roy, R. Cordwood building (pp. 151-162). Social Culture, Arts & People Study in Johor Bahru. (2017). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.slideshare.net/zhaoweiKim/social-culture-arts-people-study-in-johor-bahru White, E. (2013). Site analysis. [United States]: ArchiBasX Press. YUN, Y. (2015). JB Merdeka murals reflect Malaysian life. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/08/24/jb-merdeka-murals-reflect-malaysian-life/ ZAINAL, H. (2017). A record made-in-Malaysia 24-festive drum show. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/01/09/a-record-madeinmalaysia-24festive-drum-show

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In this document
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Overview of Johor Bahru's heritage and urban morphology, focusing on the sense of place.

Introduction of Sungai Segget, its historical significance since the 1830s as a trade hub.

Economic activities from 1900-1991, focusing on trade, markets, and infrastructural developments.Insight on Segget River's evolution as a development start point for transport and trade from 1855.

Notable landmarks in Johor Bahru that shape community identity, including temples and heritage sites.

Settlement trends of Chinese, Indian, and Malay communities and their distribution around Johor.

Efforts to enhance community engagement through urban design, historical preservation, and public spaces.

Evaluation of walkability and pedestrian-friendly designs in various streets of Johor Bahru.

Dynamic social interactions and street performances enhancing community life during day and night.

Analysis of community identities through temporal changes in street activities and cultural expressions.

Cultural expressions through food, art, and social activities as a way to promote community bonds.

Residents' views on ongoing changes in Johor Bahru, touching on cultural events and heritage preservation.

Concerns regarding authenticity and how to provide platforms for cultural expression in Johor.

Importance of inclusivity and promoting cultural identities through community activities and public engagement.

Review of designed spaces that enhance community identity and belonging, presented via case studies.

Analysis of Federation Square as an integrative space that fosters community interactions and cultural engagement.

Urban design considerations for improving visual permeability and accessibility within the heritage town.

Discussion on how physical spaces can serve as platforms for expressing community identities and creativity.

Final thoughts on how architecture shapes identity and community engagement in Johor Bahru.

Compendium of resources and references used in the presentation for further reading on mentioned topics.

ADP FINAL SITE ANALYSIS 2019

  • 1.
    Introduction to JohorBahru (Heritage?) Town Paying Homage to the Urban Morphology & History of SIte Sense of Place
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Sungai Segget ‘The MotherRiver’ During the 1830s the Chinese settled in Singapore and Tanjung Puteri Harbor (now known as Johor Bahru). First founded along Jalan Trus, where people socialized and traded. It is connected to a waterfront, and was convenient for transportation and loading and unloading of goods. Founding of Jalan Trus along the River 1830-1887
  • 4.
    1900 - 1920 Exportof Pepper and Gambier Old Segget Market Trading Malay Peninsula Railway Extension
  • 5.
    1920 - 1940 Johor-Singapore Causeway Indian Community along Jalan Trus
  • 6.
    Chingay parade [1950's]at Jalan Tan Hiok Nee with the Red House in the background Boats [sampan] used to sail along Sungai Segget under bridges 1940 - 1980 Rural-Urban Migration of Malays Close the gap between communities High density and congestion of people Disappearance of Chinese water-based market
  • 7.
    Unifying Chinese Communitythrough Cultural Festivals
  • 8.
    Infrastructure built With busterminals, food courts and wet markets all built to cater for the communities daily needs
  • 9.
    1980 -1991 Urban designin town planning Segget River closed down
  • 10.
    Segget River A startingpoint of development
  • 11.
    Bukit Timbalan Jalan Trus Waterfront MEANSOF TRANSPORTATION & TRADING 1855-1885 Segget River as Segget River as a starting point of development
  • 12.
    Bukit Timbalan Jalan Trus Waterfront Religious Building Train Station Segget OldMarket Johor Causeway MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION & TRADING COVERED --->FLOODING 1855-1885 Segget River as 1940-1980 Segget River as Segget River as a starting point of development
  • 13.
    Religious Building Train Station Segget Old Market Johor Causeway Segget Riveras a starting point of development MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION & TRADING LONGKANG? 1855-1885 Segget River as 1940-1980 Segget River as 2000-NOW Segget River as Heritage Building Pasar Karat Dataran Segget Bukit Timbalan Jalan Trus Waterfront COVERED ---> FLOODING
  • 14.
    LANDMARKS RAJAMARIAMMAN HINDU TEMPLE KEDAI KOPIDAN MAKANAN KIN WAH HIAP JOO BAKERY JOHOR BAHRU CHINESE HERITAGE MUSEUM RED HOUSE SALAHUDDIN BAKERY MASJID INDIA
  • 15.
    Chinese settled near waterfront,And Still Occupies Most Of That Area Indian community first settled along Jalan Trus in 1900s Malays reside at villages around city center
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
    SITE REQUIREMENTS Site Requirements TotalLand Area 3335.5 m Plinth area <60% Including car parks, walking pavement, loading bay, rubbish collection, & utilities Setback Front: 6m + 2m (greenery) Sides and back: 6m Height control: ≤4 storeys Parking requirement: (site area - 30% for utilities) ÷ standard size of carpark lots = 140 parking lots
  • 20.
  • 22.
    The Shadowed OldAmongst The New
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 26.
  • 27.
    Intermix of differenteras of shophouse Colours as an Attractor to stand out among others New development Out of Place Strong sense of Street Character with unified colour theme JALAN DHOBY JALAN SEGGET JALAN TAN HIOK NEE JALAN TRUS
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
    Role of JohorBahru Legibility Analysis
  • 37.
    Celebrating Coexistence Role ofJohor Bahru Concept Context
  • 38.
  • 39.
    Temporal Analysis ofVehicular Intensity DAY HIGH TRAFFIC MODERATE TRAFFIC LOW TRAFFIC NIGHT MARKET NIGHT MARKET PARKING NIGHT business alongside JALAN TAN HIOK NEE Primary attraction local shopping and eating Jalan closes up for night market Congested & busy streets gathering and buying food
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
    Jalan Tan HiokNee Elements of Walkability Street Furniture Benches are available on the extended walkway for temporary rests. Covered 5ft-Walkway Extended Walkway Tree Providing Shade Shadow at 10AM Majority of the 5ft-walkways are empty Used as pedestrian paths Some shops exhibit their products Restaurants have tables and chairs there.
  • 43.
  • 44.
    Jalan Trus Elements ofWalkability Covered 5ft-Walkway Tree Providing Shade Shadow at 10AM Narrow walkway with lamp post Traffic Congestion Narrow walkway is disrupted every few metres by lamp posts which pedestrians have to avoid.
  • 45.
  • 46.
    Jalan Segget Elements ofWalkability Covered 5ft-Walkway Tree Providing Shade Extended Roof Large Walkway Shadow at 10AM Large trees provide ample shading along this street. Wide street - one lane in the centre Parkings at either side act as barrier to the pedestrians, enforce a sense of security
  • 47.
  • 48.
    Jalan Dhoby Elements ofWalkability Covered 5ft-Walkway Extended Walkway Shadow at 10AM Narrow Street Narrowness of the street enclosure as well as the height of the shophouses make the street claustrophobic.
  • 49.
  • 50.
    Shoplot Back-alley Elements ofWalkability Shadow at 10AM Only Pedestrian Alley not accessible to vehicles, pedestrians are able to walk leisurely and safely.
  • 51.
  • 52.
    Riverside Elements of Walkability GreenSpace Shadow at 4PM Large trees provide shading Public realm equipped with street benches
  • 53.
  • 54.
    Sungai Segget Jalan SeggetSITE A Multi-storey building block reduces visual permeability to site A. Primary seating increase human density & interaction at night. Wider road lane facilitates faster vehicle movement. Dedicated pedestrian walkway sets building back from road, creating buffer zone. Street light illuminates night activity and increases sense of security Shady open spaces gather pedestrians, forming a place of congregation Performance on bridge as temporal node that continues the liveliness of night Bazaar. To Jalan Wong Ah Fook. SECTION A-A’ ANALYSIS A A’ A A’
  • 55.
    SITE A Jalan TanHiok Nee Deep sloping onsite Royal crown streetscape manifests the JB state identity Cultural events (esp Lantern parade) taking place alongside Jalan Tan Hiok Nee at night Visual clutter of condenser on building facade in the back alley Jalan Trus Narrower road lane causes traffic congestion day and night To Jalan Pahang. A’ A” SECTION A’-A’’ ANALYSIS
  • 56.
    Quality of PublicRealm Morning Green Space Open Plaza Greeneries, Shaded spaces Where are the people? Quality street furniture for street comfort
  • 57.
  • 58.
    Jalan Wong AhFook Jalan Pahang SITE A Sungai Segget. Jalan Segget. Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Export of gambir & pepper worldwide Pollution River rejuvenation Themotherriver changeofliveliness fromdaytonight changeofCommunities fromdaytonight Nature of open spaces changes As parking lots in the morning As bazaar & street performance spaces at night Shady green open spaces less appreciated in the morning Users group changes Chinese heritage street in the morning As Malay bazaar at night
  • 59.
    Urban Wall of theHeritage Town
  • 60.
    Site A Jalan Segget CONTRASTCORNER NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARRO W NARROW NARROW EDGE Site A Horizontal Rhythm Contrasting corner Vertical Rhythm Shophouse enveloped by corner block Window patterning The hierarchy of modern glass facade towards the old Skyline Shophouses hidden in view upon entering Site A Site A
  • 61.
    Jalan Tan HiokNee Window patterning Similar window pattern although underwent construction Skyline Variety of rhythm on roofscape Vertical rhythm The height of building decreases creates a stepped effect Horizontal rhythm Usage of five foot walkway with outdoor seatings for eateries CONTRAST CORNER NARROW NARROW NARROW OUTDOOR SEATINGS NARROW NARROW NARROW EDGE AS GATHERING SPACE FIT INTO
  • 62.
    Jalan Dhoby Window patterning Continuityof facade does not reflect in the similar patterning as renovation works has been done to most of the shops Skyline Constant shape of roofscape Vertical rhythm Consistent rhythm with same height with all of the shophouse Horizontal rhythm Continuity of facade creates visual connectivity CONTRAST NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW NARROW CORNER
  • 63.
    Jalan Trus Window patterning Rhythmic window pattern Skyline Roofscapeconstant Vertical rhythm The difference of height in the Art-Deco style of shophouse Horizontal rhythm Contrasting change of style that breaks the continuity of urban wall Site A Site A CONNECT NAR ROW NARR OW NARR OW NARR OW NAR ROW NARR OW NARR OW NARR OW NAR ROW CONNECT COR- NER OLD OLD NEW TI NY NARRO W END Site A Site A
  • 64.
    Celebrating Coexistence Role ofJohor Bahru Public Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context
  • 65.
    Celebrating Coexistence Role ofJohor Bahru Public Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context Community
  • 66.
    Community or Communities? Whatare their identities?
  • 67.
    ‘JB Lang’ &where they go
  • 68.
    Busking at Open Plaza Buskingat the Bridge Chinese Society Performance ThinkCity Event Space Board of Events at Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Seasonal Node
  • 69.
    Bazaar Karat Kin HuaKopitiam Hookah District 2.0 Persatuan Shirdi Sai Baba Hiap Joo Bakery Hookah District Cafe Kopitiam & Cafes Bazaar Karat Hiap Joo Bakery Shirdi Sai Baba Centre Temporal Node
  • 70.
  • 71.
    TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OFDIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM 6PM - 8PM Hiap Joo Bakery CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS
  • 72.
    TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OFDIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM Hiap Joo Bakery CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS Time Gap 6PM - 8PM
  • 73.
    Kin Hua Kopitiam TEMPORALANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM 6PM - 8PM CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS
  • 74.
    Kin Hua Kopitiam TEMPORALANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT LOCAL NODES 9AM - 11AM 12PM - 2PM 6PM - 8PM CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS CHINESE INDIAN OTHERS MALAY INDIAN OTHERS
  • 75.
    Sheza Corner Hua MuiKopitiam Flower in the Window IT ROO Cafe Hiap Joo BakeryRestaurant Kin Hua TEMPORAL NODE Bazaar Karat Bazaar Karat // Congestion at Jalan Trus Persatuan Shirdy Sai Baba Hookah District
  • 76.
    Sheza Corner Hua MuiKopitiam Flower in the Window IT ROO Cafe Hiap Joo BakeryRestaurant Kin Hua TEMPORAL NODE Bazaar Karat Bazaar Karat // Congestion at Jalan Trus Persatuan Shirdy Sai Baba Hookah District TIME GAP?
  • 77.
  • 78.
    ‘JB Lang’ &who are they? Food Art Market
  • 79.
    Food as a cohesivemedium Art Market
  • 80.
  • 81.
    traditional bakery coconut bun Inheritedtradition charcoal oven-baked goods 79 yearsmoved here from New Delhi running out by 11am since 1919 banana cake third generation 100-year old oven wood fire
  • 82.
    kopitiam culture halal kopitiam nopork no lard locality place for gathering for everyone neutral ground
  • 83.
    cafe culture cafe havens wackycafe vibrant cafe culture The Replacement - Lodge Top Johor Bahru Cafes myriad whimsical Flowers In the Window
  • 84.
    Food Art as a commonexpression Market
  • 85.
    24 festive drums fosterunity among Malaysian common cultural denominator Beating of the drums to share our diverse stories, tradition & experiences invented in 1988 Johor-born art of drumming
  • 86.
    Sticks in abundle can’t be broken but sticks taken singly can be easily broken. Same applies to people. wall art installation created from 1,500 drumsticks. 24 festive drums cafe strength in union from 1 drum to 24 drum a cultural product from ‘JB Lang’
  • 87.
    mural art Identities breathingwithin street art displaying state pride and patriotism art appreciation. Reflect Malaysian life local artists Johor’s kuda kepang cherishing country’s culturally rich society
  • 88.
    mapping of muralart it is all over the places
  • 89.
    street performance Vibrance fillingup the gap between buildings Karaoke & dance Live band Showcasing their passion in art Anywhere can be a stage Busking
  • 90.
    mapping of streetperformance art stage is where the heart is
  • 91.
  • 92.
    Food Art Market as a wayof communal living
  • 93.
    expectation vs reality tourismproduct products which shows Johor’s Identity Iconic Johor product
  • 94.
    expectation vs reality notmuch local souvenir lovely Indonesian batik shirt do not sell art stuff
  • 95.
  • 96.
    JB Lang &what they think
  • 97.
    I only comehere to work and always leave immediately after work time to avoid the traffic jam when bazaar stalls began setting up. A lot of Singaporean tourists came here on Friday and Saturday. At night, the heritage street becomes a night bazaar where mostly Malay community sells second hand items. Improvement that I hope to see? I just hope the issues of insufficient parking spaces and all the temporary constructions can be resolved. No, I don’t really visit this place at night, even on Saturday where there is chinese cultural activities planned by the Tiong-Hua Association, I don’t really hang around. Mr. Lai, penulis surat at Kaedah Sumpah necessary activities only
  • 98.
    You heard aboutJohor soccer team? Kita orang biasanya kumpul ramai-ramai kat stadium whenever there is a match against other state. Actually Johor is not any less developed compared to KL. We have our own Mid Valley and Paradigm Mall. You see, Johor negeri yang terakhir dijajah oleh British dalam Malaysia. Cultural dance? Saya biasa je kalau join Malay or Indian cultural dances. Tapi malu sikit nak join Chinese cultural dance walaupun kinda interested. Tapi kalau ada kawan join sama-sama, then bolehlah try. proud of Johor Wardatun Najuwa, Form 4 student from SMK Teknik interested in other cultures
  • 99.
    I do noticethe cultural difference between Singapore and Malaysia. The difference is quite obvious actually but I found it quite interesting, the multiracial culture here. Usually my friend and I visit here during our holidays for shopping and massages. There is quite a lot of barber shops here too. Activities such as designing T-shirts and photography should be interesting as new form of socio-cultural activities. designing shirts & photography Ryan, Singaporean tourist shopping & massages cultural differences
  • 100.
    Since the areahas become a heritage preserved site, there are more local and international tourists visiting, changing the original lifestyle of the local workers and businessmen around here. Senior workers are not fond with the changes and see it as a disruption to their way of living. Our association is responsible in help promoting and planning chinese cultural activities, such as the annual Chingay Parade “柔佛古庙游神”. During the parade, although the Malay community does not take part directly, they do stay by and watch the activity. It has been a part of their daily life since young. annual Chingay Parade David, Persatuan Tiong-Hua, Chinese Heritage Gallery cultural activities
  • 101.
    It took mefive years to realize my dream, and now that I have the ability to help, my gallery space can be rented towards any artists from any backgrounds who want to showcase any form of artworks and crafts. I wanted to study fine art but ended up in graphic design, because the norm of society in the past does not see art as a wise choice of career path. My original initiative is to provide a platform for people to explore their interest and passion in art. They can display and sell their art pieces. Being able to witness like-minded people achieving their dreams, is my greatest fortune. Art can be used as the common ground for a socio cultural approach to generate creative mindsets in the society. platform for all Catherine, Senso Gallery art as neutral ground creative mindsets
  • 102.
    Tanggal tiga puluhsatu~ Bulan lapan lima puluh tujuh~ Merdeka! Merdeka! Tetaplah Merdeka~ Ia pasti menjadi sejarah~ Ibu suruh saya tunggu kat sini sampai dia habis kerja. Dia kerja kat bawah saje, kat Bazaar, jual baju sampai pukul 12. Sini ada abang yang ajar kita orang nyanyi-nyanyian. Hari ini, kita lukis dan warna bendera Malaysia. Abang ajar nyanyi lagu-lagu patriotik. Abang kata, esok Hari Merdeka. Kita harus bangga. parents work at Bazaar Karat Children of Bazaar Karat vendors, Sekolah Baroka night school Sekolah Baroka
  • 103.
    Celebrating Coexistence Role ofJohor Bahru Community Artistic Sensibilities Food & CulturePublic Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Local Market Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context
  • 104.
  • 105.
    How significant isthe City Lobby to Johor Bahru? What can we offer?
  • 106.
  • 107.
    time gap? lack of authenticity? platformto express? iconic cultural product strengthen identity infill time gap activities that overlap common ground for all collective & creative
  • 109.
  • 110.
    Celebrating Coexistence Role ofJohor Bahru Community Artistic Sensibilities Food & CulturePublic Realm Footprint of Johor Bahru Local Market Urban Wall of Johor Bahru Concept Context Inclusivity in DivisionContent Socio-Cultural Centre
  • 111.
  • 112.
  • 113.
    A help point,a service centre A place of work and collaboration vision: seeks to create authenticity & “place” for the city LOCAL IDENTITY LOSS Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
  • 114.
    SENSE OF INVITATION Monumentaland civic entry Eagle hawk in flight Bunjil the Creator Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
  • 116.
    Woven structure of laminatednatural timber Fluid, organic geometry that reinforces the openness and welcoming nature of the complex Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
  • 117.
    MEETING OF MANY PATHS Inclusivesense of identity Greetings from multiple languages leading to a focal point A sense of welcome for people of all walks of life Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
  • 118.
    PROTECT AND WELCOME Protecting fromthe noise and pollution of the highway Sense of Ownership by the Community To create a welcoming celebration and backdrop for community life Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
  • 119.
    Protecting from the noise andpollution of the highway Welcoming Celebration and Back Drop for community life. Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
  • 120.
    INTERCONNECTING FLUID FORM Unifies thecomplex through overlapping Non-hierarchical space for Gathering Bunjil Place, Australia by fjmt
  • 121.
    FEDERATION SQUARE, AUSTRALIA byLab Architecture Studio
  • 122.
    a complex integrationof cultural institutions, public places, and commercial facilities Individual Complex programs = Single Complex form Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
  • 123.
    FEDERATION Federation Square, Australia byLab Architecture Studio To create a new urban structuring that can respond to new uses Diverse elements that form a complex ensemble of the idiosyncratic and the collective are brought together.
  • 124.
    Federation Square, Australia byLab Architecture Studio venues of Social, Political and Cultural events Social Meeting Ground varieties of attraction points
  • 125.
    EXCESSIVE PERMEABILITY High degree of accessibility, recreational and cultural facilities are interwoven Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
  • 126.
    Overstepping traditional boundaries FederationSquare, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
  • 127.
    differentiated from each other maintainsan overall coherence FACADE Federation Square, Australia by Lab Architecture Studio
  • 128.
    Initial position &Design Consideration How can we offer through architecture manipulation?
  • 129.
  • 130.
    Animating the Edge ExistingNodes Existing Nodes
  • 131.
    Voids to PromoteVisual Permeability Void to engage visuality at roofscape level Void as gathering plaza Visual connectivity with external buildings through transparency
  • 132.
  • 133.
    Views from Site blindspot wide view shady trees// neglected space major nodes of eateries
  • 134.
    framing view fromshophouses parallel to site From higher ground overlooking site obstructing view from the outside Pedestrian pavement not for pedestrians but for cars Views to Site
  • 135.
  • 136.
    Views through Site Thearch of Tan Hiok Nee overlooking Jalan Segget and get glimpses of the tiger mural
  • 137.
    Views through Site Lookingthrough the arch towards the site and shophouse of Jalan Tan Hiok Nee
  • 138.
    Views through Site Framingthe view from a higher ground of Hookah District 2.0
  • 139.
  • 140.
    Continuation of BackAlley Entry point from back alley
  • 141.
    Multi-Facade Multi-faced facade creates diversespatial experience within Shaping new identity through futuristic architecture
  • 142.
    Inside - OUT// Outside - IN Inside- OUT AMPHITHEATRE OPEN YARDS Outside- IN INTERNAL COURTYARD TERRACES PROTRUDING OUTSIDE POCKET SPACES PUBLIC SPACE BETWEEN BLOCKS
  • 143.
    Inside - OUT Amphitheatregathers people with a concave shape and act as a staying by point by the building Terrace or balconies help to project view to the adjacent building. This also acts as a semi-outdoor space for activities
  • 144.
    Outside - IN Internalcourtyard and pocket spaces can attract people to stay by in the building longer
  • 145.
    It’s always thelittle pieces in life that create the big picture
  • 146.
    Ho Yen Liang0326660 Charlotte Chin Ya-Le 0326940 Lin Shan En 0331085 Wesley Wong Teck Won 0330496 Habeebah Zainab Sayed Hossen 0327492 Hor Xeut Yin 0327770 Dixon Kee Tet Lun 0323944 Kirrthana Nanthini A/P Ravindran 0328102 Masood Laisa 0326705
  • 147.
    References Akihisa Hirata: ArtMuseum and Library Ota Japan | Floornature. (2018). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.floornature.com/akihisa-hirata-art-museum-and-library-ota-japan-14037/ Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://studiogang.com/project/arcus-center-for-social-justice-leadership Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership / Studio Gang. (2014). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.archdaily.com/576630/arcus-center-for-social-justice-leadership-studio-gang Bates, D., & Davidson, P. (1999). Federation Square, Melbourne, Australia Lab Architecture Studio. Assemblage, (40), 57-67. doi:10.2307/3171372 Bazar Karat (Johor Bahru) - 2019 All You Need to Know Before You Go (with Photos) - Johor Bahru, Malaysia | TripAdvisor. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.tripadvisor.com.my/Attraction_Review-g298278-d9803861-Reviews-Bazar_Karat-Johor_Bahru_Johor_Bahru_District_Joh or.html#REVIEWS Bently, I., Alcock, A., & Murrain, P. (2001). Responsive environments. Oxford: Architectural Press. Bunjil Place fjmt. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from http://new.rushi.net/Home/Works/detail/id/217662.html Bunjil Place / fjmt. (2018). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.archdaily.com/897651/bunjil-place-fjmt Bunjil Place / fjmt. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/gada-2018-winners/bunjil-place-fjmt/#cd4d850fc33f0867566c0b7f3c0598b95092f5e7#260 76 Bunjil Place « Victorian Premier's Design Awards. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from http://www.premiersdesignawards.com.au/entry/bunjil-place/ Federation square. (2012). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://architectureau.com/articles/federation-square/ Federation Square. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://architizer.com/projects/federation-square/ Federation Square. (2013). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.architravel.com/architravel/building/federation-square/ Federation Square. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.karresenbrands.nl/project/federation-square
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    References fjmt designs anew form of community service centre - Australian Design Review. (2019). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/fjmt-designs-new-form-community-service-centre/ Idea 356663: Federation Square by LAB architecture studio in Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://architizer.com/idea/356663/ Kevin Lynch. (2014). Image of the city. Boston: Birkhauser. Llewelyn-Davies (Firm), Alan Baxter & Associates., English Partnerships., & Housing Corporation. (2000). Urban design compendium: English Partnerships, the Housing Corporation. London: English Partnerships. Loh, P. (2016). Old markets and bus teminals. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from http://ppunlimited.blogspot.com/2016/07/old-markets-and-bus-teminals.html OTHMAN, A. (2019). Bazar Karat kekal sebagai produk pelancongan JB. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/32333/EDISI/Johor/Bazar-Karat-kekal-sebagai-produk-pelancongan-JB Roy, R. Cordwood building (pp. 151-162). Social Culture, Arts & People Study in Johor Bahru. (2017). Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.slideshare.net/zhaoweiKim/social-culture-arts-people-study-in-johor-bahru White, E. (2013). Site analysis. [United States]: ArchiBasX Press. YUN, Y. (2015). JB Merdeka murals reflect Malaysian life. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/08/24/jb-merdeka-murals-reflect-malaysian-life/ ZAINAL, H. (2017). A record made-in-Malaysia 24-festive drum show. Retrieved 11 September 2019, from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/01/09/a-record-madeinmalaysia-24festive-drum-show