Aerodynamics in cars and brief history

AERODYNAMICS IN
MODERN CARS
KUNDAN CHAKRABORTY
B.TECH (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
3RD YEAR, 5TH SEMESTER
ROLL – 14200712032
ACADEMIC YEAR – 2012–16
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1.INTRODUCTION
1a. NECESSITY
2.HISTORY
2a. OLD CARS
2b. Formula1 CARS
3.BASICS
3a. FORCES ACTING ON A CAR(includes pics)
i. FORCES ACTING WHILE ON STRAIGHT ROAD
ii. FORCES ACTING WHILE TURNING
ii. EFFECT OF EACH ON DYNAMICS AND STABILITY OF THE CAR
3b. WINDTUNNEL
3c. DESIGN OF CARS FOR GREATER EFFICIENCY(optimisation of vehicle body)
4.ADVANCED CARS
5.SCOPE
6.DISCLAIMER
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1. INTRODUCTI0N
WHAT IS AERODYNAMICS ?
 The study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and
solid bodies moving through it.
 The forces that are generated over a body moving in a viscous fluid are
aerodynamic forces.
 All bodies that are moving in air experience aerodynamic forces.
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 NECESSITY
MAINTAINS STABILITY OF THE CARS.
(SPECIALLY AT HIGH SPEEDS)
AFFECTS SMOOTHNESS OF MOTION.
AFFECTS FUEL EFFICIENCY OF CARS.
NOISE

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 HISTORY
Aerodynamics has played an important role in car racing
since the late 1960s, when introduction of the first inverted
wings appeared in some formulas. After that time, improved
wing systems taken from the aeronautic technology made
leaps forward, improving consistently lap times, increasing
cornering speeds and vehicle stability. With the introduction
of the ground effect a few years later the vehicles used a
third element (the under body) to produce down force, and
hence improve the performances.

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 MODERN CARS
ADVANTAGES :
FAST
SMOOTH
STABLE
FUEL EFFICIENT
ATTRACTION !!!

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1. AERODYNAMIC FORCES
 DOWNFORCE
 LIFT
 DRAG

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1. DOWNFORCE
 The term down force describes the downward pressure created by the
aerodynamic characteristics of a car that allows it to travel faster
through a corner by holding the car to the track or road surface.
 It’s a force which arises due to the airflow over and below the car,
which act vertically downward on the car.
 It also inverses friction between the tires and the road surface, thus
decreasing maximum velocity.

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INCREASING DOWNFORCE
FRONT WING (fig. a)
FRONT SPLITTER (fig. b)
REAR WING (fig. c)
REAR DIFFUSER (fig. d)
a
b
c
d

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2. LIFT
THE UPWARD FORCE THAT ACTS ON THE CAR,
GENERATING TENDENCY TO LIFT THE CAR FROM THE
ROAD.
LOSS OF GRIP.
ACCIDENTS.

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3. DRAG
AIR RESISTANCE THAT IS CAUSED BY THE MOVEMENT OF THE CAR.
REDUCES SPEED OF THE CAR.

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TO DECREASE DRAG
STEAMLINING OF BODY.
COEFFICIENT OF DRAG (Cd)

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TO DECREASE DRAG
COEFFICIENT OF DRAG (Cd)
The drag coefficient (Cd) is equal to the drag (D), divided by
the quantity of the density (r), times half the
velocity (V) squared times the area (A).
Cd = D / (A * .5 * r * V^2)

•Overall the use of the aerodynamic
devices greatly increases the
performance of a car. The trick is to
be able generate just the right
amount of down force while
keeping drag to a minimum.
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• Nissan Maxima 1998 before & after
aerodynamics changes.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 WIKIPEDIA
 www.google.co.in
 Prof. Tamas Lajos
( Budapest University of Technology and Economics,
Department of Fluid Mechanics,
University of Rome , La Sap )
 Paiman Parmaei , MIT
 www.rapidracer.com

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