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Age of Earth. Earth and Space Science GED
- 1. Age of Earth & SolarSystem GED Science
- 2. Overview Lesson 1: Ageof the Earth & Structure of the Earth Earth: a spherical shape, flattened at the poles, and bulging at the equator.
- 3. Earth Layers Composed ofthree main layers the Crust, the Mental and the Core
- 4. Crust -Made of granite,basalt, gabbro and other types of rocks. -3 to 6.8 miles under the ocean and 12 to 40 miles thick below under the continents. Mantle -Silica and metal-rich minerals Core -Outer core --> liquid iron -Inner core --> Solid ion
- 5. Age of Earth Scientistsuse three major types of evidence when determining the age of Earth and the objects on Earth; landforms, fossils, and radiometric dating. The process that build up and wear down landforms today are the same process that have been at work throughout Earth’s history. Understanding these process allows scientists to learn about Earth’s history just by looking at the structure and composition of landforms.
- 6. Age of Earth Overtime, as sediment (weathered material) settles it becomes compacted into layers of sedimentary rock. Since new sediment is added to the top of sedimentary rock, the youngest layers are at the top and oldest layers are at the bottom. This allows scientists to determine the relative age of the layers in a landform.
- 7. Fossils Fossils are remains(shell or bones) or evidence (imprints) left behind by dead organisms. Fossils are most often found in sedimentary rock. The age of the fossil can be determined by looking at the layer it is found in.
- 8. Fossils • Provides theexact, or absolute, age of objects on Earth. • Some elements have radioactive isotopes, or versions that turn into another element radioactive decay, by losing a proton. The amount of time it takes half of an isotope’s atom to change into another element is called the half-life.
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- 11. Solar System Star; theSUN Plants All objects exert gravitational force on each other. Sun’s gravity keeps all other objects orbiting around it. The largest objects in the solar system are the round-shaped planets.
- 12. Three major groupsof planets Terrestrial Planets: the four smaller planets located closest to the sun, all have rocky surfaces and also called inner planets. Gas giants: The four larger planets further from the Sun, all have gaseous surface. Dwarf Planets: Resemble a small planet but lack certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as a planet.
- 16. Other objects insolar system Any object in space that orbits a planet is called a moon. Asteroids: a large, irregularly shaped chunk of rock mostly found in asteroid belt. Comets: frozen gasses and dust particles, usually smaller than asteroids. Some comets orbits the sun continuously. Others orbit the sun once and then travel off into space. Halley’s Comet is a famous comet that continuously orbits the sun. Its orbit passes by Earth every 76 years.
- 18. Revolution: Earth orbitsor revolves around the sun. One revolution takes 365 ½ days which is called Earth Year. Rotation: Earth also spins on its axis. Each completes one rotation in every 24 hours which is called rotation of Earth day.
- 19. Eclipses and tides •Interaction between Earth, the moon, and sun cause Earth to experience eclipses and tides. • An eclipse is caused by the position of the sun and moon when one object blocks light from reaching another object. • The two types of eclipses that can occur; solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.
- 20. Solar eclipse: themoon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth. Lunar eclipse: Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
- 21. Tides The daily risesand falls of ocean levels are called tides. High tides occurs when an ocean reaches its highest point on the shore. Low tides occurs when the ocean reaches its lowest point on the shore.
- 22. As the moonorbits Earth, its gravity pulls on the water in the ocean. This causes the ocean to bulge on the sides closest to and opposite of the moon. Shores within the bulge areas experience high tide. Shores not located in the bulge areas experience low tide.
- 24. Sun’s gravitational forcealso attracts tides. When the sun is in line with the moon, they both pull the ocean in the same direction. This cause extra high and low tides called the spring tide. When the sun and moon are perpendicular to each other, they pull the ocean in different directions causing causing minor differences in high and low tides called neap tides.