Agricultural crops

Agricultural crops

• 2.
  Rice • Rice isa type of grain. It is eaten as staple food in many parts of India. • Soil and Climate I. Alluvial loamy and clayey soil is ideal for growing rice. II. The rice crop needs about 24°C or above with minor variations during sowing, growing and harvesting seasons.
• 3.
  I. It growswell in the areas where rainfall is above 100cm. II. Deltas, river valleys, coastal plains and terraced fields in mountainous regions are ideal for its cultivation. III. Rice can be cultivated under a variety of climatic and soil conditions Rice comes up well in different soil types. For normal growth, a pH range of 5.0-8.0 is suitable. Rice-growing environments:- . Generally, rice does not thrive in a waterlogged area, yet it can survive and grow herein and it can also survive flooding. 1.Lowland, rained, which is drought prone, favors medium depth; waterlogged, submergence, and flood prone 2.Lowland, irrigated, grown in both the wet season and the dry season 3.Deep water or floating rice 4.Coastal Wetland 5.Upland rice is also known as Ghaiya rice, well known for its drought tolerance
• 4.
  It is grownin many parts of India. But it is grown widely in West Bengal. Where it is grown
• 5.
  • Geographical Conditionfor Wheat Cultivation • Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop of India. It is the crop of temperate region. In India it is grown in winter. It is more dependent on climate than soil. The geographical condition required for Wheat Cultivation are mentioned below : • Temperature: Wheat requires 14° to 18°C temperature. High temperature is harmful for the cultivation of wheat. • Rainfall: 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. In the primary stage cold moisture rich climate at the time of harvesting bright hot climate is required. • Soil: Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation. • Land: Plain land or gentle slope is ideal for wheat cultivation.
• 6.
  Characteristics: • (i) Specializationin single crop: • Commercial grain farming is highly specialized and generally one single crop is grown. In most commercial grain regions that crop is wheat. Both winter wheat and spring wheat is grown in these areas. • (ii) Farms are very large: • The wheat farms in mid-latitudes are very large, ranging from 240 to 16,000 hectares. Though average size of the farm in the USA is about 400 hectares. In these areas land is cheap that makes it possible for a farmer to own very large holdings. • (iii) Highly mechanized: • The commercial grain farming is highly mechanized. Cultivation from ploughing to harvesting is often entirely mechanized. The use of tractors ploughs drills and combines harvests which reap, thresh, winnow and sack the grain all in one operation is common.
• 7.
  Where it isgrown It is grown in many parts of India. But it is grown widely in Uttar Pradesh.
• 8.
  Millets Environment Requirements: • A.Climate: • Millets require warm temperatures for germination and development and are sensitive to frost. For these reasons, they are normally planted from mid-June to mid-July in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Optimum soil temperatures for seed germination are between 68 and 86°F. . Millets are often grown as catch crops where other crops have failed or planting is delayed due to unfavorable weather. • B. Soil: • Millets grow well on well-drained loamy soils. They will not tolerate water-logged soils or extreme drought. Prose millet does not perform well on coarse, sandy soils.
• 9.
  Millets as ClimateChange Compliant Crops All these qualities of millet farming system make them the climate change compliant crops . Climate change portends less rain, more heat, reduced water availability and increased malnutrition. If there is any cropping system that can withstand these challenges, survive and flourish, it is the millet system. It is important to note that with the projected 2 degree celsius temperature rise, wheat might disappear from our midst, since it is an extremely thermal sensitive crop. Similarly, the way rice is grown under standing water makes it a dangerous crop under climate change conditions. Methane emanating from water- drenched rice fields, is a green house gas, that severely threatens our environment. Millets are all-season crops cultivated round the year whereas wheat is season specific.(Millets): Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan are the leading producers, Maharashtra the largest.
• 10.
  . Climate andSoil requirements . Deep, loamy, fertile soils, rich in organic matter, are preferred for satisfactory growth. . Well-drained soils with adequate moisture supply are required for uninterrupted growth of this crop . . By establishing the crops with the on-set of the rainy season, the crops can be harvested before depletion of soil moisture. . They can be planted in maha similarly, as with other major crops that need 3-3 months to mature and a longer rainy season for uninterrupted growth. It is grown in many parts of India . But it is grown widely in Andra Pradesh.
• 11.
  Pulses • India isthe largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. • Major pulses grown are tur, urad, moong, masur, peas and gram. • Being leguminous crops they help restore soil fertility. • Grown in MP, UP, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
• 12.
  Characteristics of farmingpulses • Climatic condition : • Temperature: 20° to 30°C Rainfall: 50° cms to 75 cms • Soil: • Conditions required for pulses: These can be grown on all types of soils but a dry light soil is best suited. • The major contributors of this production were Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh.
• 13.
  • Climate Conditions: Temperate,tropical and subtropical; long warm growing season, with high incidence of solar radiation and adequate moisture; a fairly dry, sunny and cool, but frost free season for ripening and harvesting; freedom from typhoons and hurricanes Rainfall: 1100 to 1500 mm/annum Optimum ambient temperature: 14 to 35°C Soil Soil suitability: Fertile, deep (up to 1.5 m), well drained and aerated soil (air-filled porosity: 10 – 12%), loamy to clayey in texture Moderate topography (1 to 3º) Optimum soil pH: 6.5 (range: 5 to 8.5) Available water holding capacity: 150 mm/m depth of soil Groundwater table: Below 1.5 to 2 m Soil to avoid: Waterlogged, alkaline and saline soils
• 14.
  Where it isgrown It is grown in many parts of India. But it is grown widely in Uttar Pradesh.
• 15.
  Oilseeds-CLIMATE AND SOIL. •Oilseed are grown throughout the tropics and its cultivation is extended to the subtropical countries lying between 45 degrees N and 35 degrees S and up to an altitude of 1000 meters. The crop can be grown successfully in places receiving a minimum rainfall of 1,250 mm. The rainfall should be well distributed well during the flowering and pegging of the crop . The total amount required for pre sowing operations (preparatory cultivation) is 100 mm; for sowing, it is 150 mm and for flowering and pod development an evenly distributed rainfall of 400-500 mm is required. The groundnut crop, however, cannot stand frost, long and severe draught or water stagnation
• 17.
  Tea • India isthe largest producer and exporter of tea in the world. The ideal climatic conditions for the production and growing of tea are as follows: • Temperature: 21°C to 29°C is ideal for the production of tea. High temperature is required in summer. The lowest temperature for the growth of tea is 16°C. • Rainfall: 150-250 cm of rainfall is required for tea cultivation. • Soil: Tea shrubs require fertile mountain soil mixed with lime and iron. The soil should be rich in humus.
• 18.
  Characteristics Of FarmingTea • The tea plant can handle a light frost and even snow, like the picture on the left, taken in Seattle, WA, but not heavy freezes or prolonged cold winters, and, unlike some plants, it does not require a period of cold dormancy. • It can thus grow from subtropical climates to tropical climates, but generally requires a fair amount of humidity and rainfall during the growing season. • Although it can grow in hot tropical climates if they are sufficiently humid, the highest-quality teas mostly come from subtropical climates with some seasonality.
• 19.
  Where it isgrown It is grown in many parts of India. But it is grown widely in Assam and Darjeeling.
• 20.
  Coffee 1)India produces about4% of the world’s coffee production. 2) Arabica variety is grown in India that was brought from Yemen. 3) Grown in Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu. 4) India produces about 4% of the world’s coffee production. 5) Arabica variety is grown in India that was brought from Yemen. 6) Grown in Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerela and Tamilnadu.
• 21.
  Where it isgrown It is grown in many parts of India. But it is grown widely in Karnataka.
• 22.
  Rubber-Climate and Soil Temperature:-Maximum temperature of about 29C to 34oC is required. Rainfall:- There should be rainfall of 2000 to 3000 mm evenly distributed and should rain for 125 to 150 rainy days per annum. Soil:- Rubber is grown in literate or loamy soil, mostly in slope and undulated land or slightly high elaborated flat land where there is no possibility of water stagnation, and having well drainage facilities.
• 23.
  Cotton • India is3rd largest producer of Cotton in the world. • Used to make cotton textile. • Requires black soil, light temperature, light irrigation/rainfall, 210 days of bright sunshine and 6 to 8 months to mature. • Grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and UP.
• 24.
  Where it isgrown It is grown in many parts of India. But it is grown widely in Gujrat.
• 25.
  Jute • Known asgolden fiber. • Grows well on well-drained fertile soil of the flood plains where soils is renewed every year. • High temperature is required during the time of growth. • WB, Orissa, Bihar, Assam and Meghalaya are the major jute producing states. • Used to make gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn carpets and other artifacts.
• 26.
  Where it isgrown It is grown in many parts of India. But it is grown widely in West Bengal.
• 27.
  By:-Harsh Jhunjhunwala