Downloaded 149 times
More Related Content
Similar to Pakistan Agriculture sector
Pakistan Agriculture sector
- 2. Topic Critically Analyze theTransitional Dynamics in the Agriculture sector. What is Green Revolution? How Agriculture sector can be made an engine of economic growth with special reference to Pakistan?
- 3. Importance of AgricultureSector in Pakistan Agricultural sector of Pakistan is a vital sector of Pakistan economy. It employees 41% of the labor force of Pakistan. About 21% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation. Large contribution to foreign exchange earning. Agriculture accounted for 20.9 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2014- 15 and is a source of livelihood of 43.5 percent of rural population. Agriculture sector has traditionally sustained a satisfactory growth to ensure food security for our growing population
- 4. Agriculture Growth Percentages Sector2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 P Agricultu re 3.5 0.2 2.0 3.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 Crops 5.2 -4.2 1.0 3.2 1.5 3.2 1.0 i) Important Crops 8.4 -3.7 1.5 7.9 0.2 8.0 0.3 ii) Other Crops 0.5 -7.2 2.3 -7.5 5.6 -5.4 1.1 iii) Cotton Ginning 1.3 7.3 -8.5 13.8 -2.9 -1.3 7.4 Livestock 2.2 3.8 3.4 4.0 3.5 2.8 4.1 Forestry 2.6 -0.1 4.8 1.8 6.6 -6.7 3.2 Fishing 2.6 1.4 -15.2 3.8 0.7 1.0 5.8 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Table 1;
- 5. important crops Importantcrops, such as wheat, rice, sugarcane maize and cotton account for 25.6 percent of the value added in overall agriculture and 5.3 percent of GDP.
- 6. Cotton; Area, Productionand Yield of cotton Year Area Production Yield (000 Hectare) % Change (000 bales) % Change (Kgs/Hec) % Change 2010-11 2,689 - 11,460 - 725 - 2011-12 2,835 5.4 13,595 18.6 815 12.4 2012-13 2,879 1.6 13,031 -4.1 769 -5.6 2013-14 2,806 -2.5 12,769 -2.0 773 0.5 2014-15(P) 2,961 5.5 13,983 9.5 802 3.8
- 7. sugarcane Sugarcane isan important cash crop of Pakistan. It is mainly cultivated for sugar and sugar-related production along with an input for paper and board industry. Sugarcane accounts for 3.1 percent in agriculture value addition and 0.6 percent in GDP.
- 8. rice Rice isthe second largest staple food crop and is also an exportable item. It accounts for 3.2 percent in the value added in agriculture and 0.7 percent of GDP
- 9. Wheat: Wheat isthe leading food grain of Pakistan occupying the largest area under single crop. Wheat contributes 10.0 percent to the value added in agriculture and 2.1 percent to GDP.
- 10. maize Maize grainis an important food grain and produces an array of products as raw material for multi products and value additions. It contributes 2.1 percent to the value added in agriculture and 0.4 percent to GDP
- 11. Farm Inputs I)Fertilizers Fertilizer is the most important and expensive agriculture input. Contribution of balanced use of fertilizers towards increased yield is from 30 to 50 percent in different crop production regions of the country. ii) Improved Seed Seed is a key input in crop production on which efficiency of other inputs largely depends. Improving availability of certified seed provides sound base for sustainable agricultural production and national food security iii) Mechanization During July-March 2014-15 a total number of 31,963 tractors were locally manufactured compared to the production of 25,186 during same period last year showing an increase of 26.9 percent.
- 12. Species 2012-13 2013-142014-15 Cattle 38.3 39.7 41.2 Buffalo 33.7 34.6 35.6 Sheep 28.8 29.1 29.4 Goat 64.9 66.6 68.4 Camels 1.0 1.0 1.0 Horses 0.4 0.4 0.4 Asses 4.9 4.9 5.0 Mules 0.2 0.2 0.2 Livestock ; Livestock is an important sector of agriculture
- 13. Poultry ; Poultrysector is one of the organized and vibrant segments of agriculture industry of Pakistan. This sector generates employment (direct/indirect) and income for about 1.5 million people. Poultry meat contributes 28.0 percent of the total meat production in the country. The current investment in Poultry Industry is more than Rs. 200.00 billion. Poultry sector has shown a robust growth 8-10 percent annually which reflects its inherent potential. This sector has contributed 1.3 percent in GDP during 2014-15 while it’s contribution in agriculture and livestock value added stood at 6.3 percent and 11.2 percent, respectively.
- 14. Fisheries Fishery plays animportant role in Pakistan’s economy and is considered to be a source of livelihood for the coastal inhabitants. A part from marine fisheries, inland fisheries (based in rivers, lakes, ponds, dams etc.) is also very important activity throughout the country. Fisheries share in GDP although very little but it adds substantially to the national income through export earnings. Conclusion The government is making all efforts to make Agriculture Sector more vibrant and in this sector have initiated a number of initiatives and also focusing on Agro-base industries and strengthening linkages with the agricultural research and development to play a role in transfer of technology and knowledge to the farming community.
- 15. What is GreenRevolution?
- 16. Background of GreenRevolution The beginning of the Green Revolution are often attributed to Norman Borlaug an American scientist. In 1940s he began conducted research in Mexico and developed new disease resistance high yield verities of wheat. Due to success of the Green Revolution in Mexico Green Revolution spread World wide in 1950s and 1960s.
- 17. Causes and needof Green Revolution 1.Population Growth In 1940- 2,300,000,000 In 1960- 3,023,358,000 with rate of 1.8 Source: United Nations Secretariat, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, The World At Six Billion (1999), p. 8. World population reached: Year Time to add 1 billion 1 billion 1804 2 billion 1927 123 years 3 billion 1960 33 years 4 billion 1974 14 years 5 billion 1987 13 years 6 billion 1999 12 years
- 18. Population Growth “Populationwas increasing exponentially while food production arithmetically” – Thomas Malthus Due to population increase per capita income and per capita food availability reduce. Thus to feed extra mouths there was a need to introduce technical progress in agriculture.
- 19. 2. Frequent occurrenceof Famines The Bengal Famines (1943) The World’s worst recorded food disaster. Four million people died of hunger that year alone in eastern India. Dutch Famines (1944): 22,000 died Vietnamese Famine (1945):2 million died (estimated) Soviet Famines (1947):1-1.5 million died (estimated) Great Chinese Famine (1959-61): 15-43 Million died(ESTIMATED)
- 20. Condition of peopleduring Famine.
- 21. Green Revolution inPakistan 1.Instalation of Tubewells Between 1960-65 about 25,000 tub wells were installed. Farm area serviced by tubewells doubled. Number of tubewells increased from 34,000 to 79’000 between 1964 to 1970.
- 22. Green Revolution inPakistan 2. High Yielding Varity (HYV) Seeds Two HYV seeds, one for wheat and other for rice was developed. More than half of the irrigated area of the country (6- million acres) was cultivated with the improved seeds. Output increased between 1960 and 1970 Wheat production increased by 91 percent Rice production increased by 141 percent
- 23. 3. Green Revolutionin Pakistan 3.Use of Fertilizer Fertilizer consumption increased by 150 percent between 1965 and 1970.
- 24. 4.Greater use ofpesticides
- 25. 4. Tractoriazation IN 1959there were 2,000 tractors in the country. Which increased by over 8,000 percent to 18,909 in 1968.
- 28. Benefits of GreenRevolution High yield varieties were introduced which gave more production. Progress in fertilizer manufacturing was observed. Better quality pesticides increased acreage of land. Manufacturing and installation of tube wells and machinery which increase production. Pakistan Government policies to provide subsidies and credit to the producers. Incentive prices were offered to the farmers through the price support program.
- 29. Criticisms of theGreen Revolution Problems of tubewells 91 percent of the 76000 tubewells were in Punjab in 1968. In NWFP and Balochistan due to hard stony mountains and in Sindh ground water in saline, and thus very few tubewells were sunk.
- 30. Criticisms of theGreen Revolution Green Revolution hasn’t alleviated hunger Economic power, land controlled by few Technology benefits wealthy Most of the tractors were owned by those with more than 100 acres of land. Therefore Green Revolution increases inequity More hunger and more food at same time
- 31. Criticisms of theGreen Revolution Early, poor had little access to credit So, they could not buy seeds, fertilizer, pesticide and modern equipments Wealthy invested, got richer, drove out poor
- 32. Problems in Agriculturesector in Pakistan
- 33. Importance of agriculture GDP 20.9%. 43.5% population depend on agriculture. But a lot of problems are there.
- 34. Limited cultivated area Total area of Pakistan 79.6 million acre 23.5% under use About 8-9 million area is un cultivated
- 35. LOW YEILD Lowper acre yield in major crops Like wheat, rice and cotton Other countries get more because of skillful labor and use of technology
- 36. Lack of facilities Rural infrastructure is not good Lack of education Improper storage Far away markets
- 37. Uneconomic land holding Increase in population Division of land by law of inheritance Further sub-divisions Many numbers of farmers have less than 2 hectare land
- 38. Old methods offarming Traditional methods Old implements Low yield But now, modern methods are taking place Traditional methods cannot compete with modern one
- 39. Small numbers ofresearch centers In agricultural sector poor research Limited research centers Pakistan agriculture research council National agriculture research council(NARC) Ayub agriculture research institute No funds for research centers
- 40. Farmers poor conditions Financial crises of farmers No money available for investment Bank debts Do not get much prize from crops Far away from markets
- 41. Crop intensity Cropintensity is lower The number of crops grown on piece of land is known as crop intensity Low crop intensity than developed countries
- 42. Land tenure system land tenure system: Common law system in which land is owned by an individual Land lords buy fertile piece of land Poor farmers get nothing with hard work Low yield on defective land part
- 43. Waterlogging and salinity It causes when water-table is above 1.5 meter Salts on surface Stagnant water Low plant growth 0.1 million acre land is affected
- 44. Poor irrigation system No proper canals, dams and barrages Drought may happen Water storage because of more rainfall Steeling of water from canals No proper division of water
- 45. Low quality chemicals Low quality fertilizers Poor quality pesticides and other chemicals Less availability of fertilizers to small farmers
- 46. Unavailability of funds Government is very poor Have not money to spend on agriculture Farmers are not financially strong Improper loan system
- 47. Unavailability of seeds Lack of seed industries Lack of seed production Improper seed quality Large money is required to spend on that industry
- 48. Other problems Variousplant diseases Natural calamities Scarcity of (HYV) Seeds Underutilization of land
- 49. Topic; How the agriculturesector can be made an engine of economic growth. Measures to improve the agriculture sector.
- 51. Proper use ofpesticides and fertilizers Proper use of best quality pesticides and fertilizers increase productivity.
- 52. Agro-based industries like poultry,fisheries, dairy and live stock should be established. these industries indirectly lead to improve the agriculture sector.
- 53. Agricultural research Agriculturalresearch is compulsory to remove the backwardness of agriculture sector. Major agricultural colleges and universities are only about 16 in Pakistan Government should increase research work in the field of agriculture.
- 54. Provision of HYVs Highyielding variety seed is not available at suitable price in Pakistan ,so farmers have to depend upon low quality of seeds that causes 20% reduction in total production. Government should provide HYVs at minimum price in this case.
- 55. Productivities Some timesour farmers receive low prices of their crops. There is no proper effective price policy of government. Government should set reasonable prices of agricultural productions to develop the living standard of farmers.
- 56. MECHANIZATION Latest machineryshould be provided to farmers. Sowing , cultivation ,and harvesting of crops through agricultural machinery increase the productive quality and quantity. Farm mechanization is necessary to remove the problem of agriculture sector.
- 57. Tax concession Government shouldgive tax concession on imports of agricultural technologies to enhance the process of farm mechanization.
- 58. Constructions of dames Sometimes ,due to heavy unwanted rains and floods agricultural productivity destroys. To tackle this problem, it is necessary to construct dames and bands on rivers.
- 59. Conclusion Being anagrarian country, agriculture sector of Pakistan's economy is still backward. Use of modern techniques, provision of credit facilities, basic infrastructure and agricultural research facilities are needed to remove all the problems of agriculture sector.