Ai by vaibhav joshi

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (A.I)
-By Vaibhav Joshi
Roll No-19

CONTENTS:
 Definition
 Early History
 Current status of AI
 Challenges for AI
 Goals of AI
 Future Of AI
 Pros & Cons
 Programming Languages Used to Develop AI
 Dangers Of AI
 Machine learning
 Web 3.0
 Internet of Things (IOT)
 Conclusion

DEFINATION
The ability to use memory, knowledge, experience, understanding, reasoning, imagination and
judgment to solve problems and adapt to new situations.
For example:
 Apple online assistant
 Google car (autonomous)

Example:
Google Now, Siri, And Cortana are intelligent digital personal assistants on
various platforms. (IOS, Android, and Windows Mobile).IN Short, they help find
useful information When we ask for it using our voice.
We can use them to make a Calls, send messages, set reminders, take notes,
recognize music, find great restaurants, check your calendar, and more

Current Status Of AI:
o AI have taken many shapes and forms over recent years
o Mobile phones (Siri /Cortana)
o Video Games Characters
o GPS/ Voice recognition
o Robotics
Google has been a major play on AI transcendence and
Deep Learning.
o Deep learning is a machine learning based on algorithms.
o Distributed physical presence
o Non-corporeal
CHALLENGES:
o Computing Power
o Tolerance Power
o Intuitive Thinking
o
Computing Power
Tolerance Power
Intutive Power
Judging Power

GOALS OF AI:
o To Create Expert Systems: The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn,
demonstrate, explain, and advice its users.
o To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines: Creating systems that understand,
think, learn, and behave like humans.

Application Of AI:
o Gaming
AI plays Crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc.,where machine can
think of large no of possible positions based on heuristic knowledge.
Goals Of AI
To Create
Expert
Systeam
To Implement
Human
Intelligence
in Machines
This Photo byUnknown Authoris This Photo byUnknown Authoris

o Natural Language of Processing:
It possible to interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken by human.
o Expert Systems:
There are some applications which integrate machine, software,and special information to impart
reasoning and advising. They provide explanation and advice to the users.
o Vision Systems:
These systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input on the computer. For example,
 A spying Aeroplan takes photographs which are used to figure out spatial information or map of
the areas
 Doctors use clinical expert system to diagnose the patient.
 Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored portrait made
by forensic artist.
o Speech Recognition:
Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in terms of sentences and
their meanings while a human talk to it. It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the
background, change in human’s noise due to cold, etc.
o Handwriting Recognition:
The handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It
can recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.

o Intelligent Robots
Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have sensors to detect physical data from the
real world such as light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. They have efficient
processors, multiple sensors and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In addition, they are capable of
learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.
Future of AI:
o Beyond negotiton, moore says CMU is betting sevral other AI ares are going to be hugely
important in the nearfuture.
o Self Driving Car
o Improved medical care and trearment.
o Open up doors t future explorations.
o Etc.,
o Future of AI is really unknown
o Most jobs will be done by robots with in 3o years, says professor Moshe vardi of RICE
UNIVERSITY, Texas(USA)
o It can make humans extinct or immortal
o The optimists hopes that solves superintelligence that solves every problem we can imagine

Advantages
o It can improve our way of life
o Machine will be able to do jobs that require detailed instruction
o Mental alertness and decision-making capabilities
o There will be less injuries and stress to human beings
o Use robots for heavy construction, military benefit, or even for personal assistance atprivate homes
o Many of our health problems now have possible solutions with the use of Artificial intelligences in
studies at university
Disadvantages
o When will computer become truly intelligent?
o Currently, Artificial intelligence rather seems focus on lucrative domain specific applications,
which do not necessarily require the full extent of AI capabilities
o To date, all the traits of human intelligence have not been captured and applied together to spawn
an intelligent artificial creature
o There is little doubt among the community that artificial machines will be capable of intelligent
thought in the near future.
o Limited ability
o Slow real time Response
o Can’t Handle Emergency Situation
o Difficult Code
o High Cost
How AI is different?????????
Artificial Intelligence Natural Intelligence
Non-creative Creative
Precise May contain Error
Consistency Non-consistent
Multitasking Can’t handle

Programming Languages Used to Develop Ai:
Lisp
Python
Prolog
Java
C++

Dangers Of AI:
What are the dangers of human intelligence? Do AIs share
those dangers or correct them?
Here are a few dangers of ordinary human intelligence:
o Criminal activity
o Social dishonesty
o Selfish ambition
o Excessive consumption

What are the dangers of technology? Do AIs enable those
dangers or correct them?
Here are a few historical dangers of technology and its application by humans:
o creating unemployment
o unbalanced international competition
o environmental destruction
o making resources scarce
o facilitating war
o domination through propaganda
o destroying privacy
o suppressing freedom
Machine Learning
Definition:
Machine Learning is a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides computers with the ability to learn
without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuseson the development of computer programs
that can change when exposed to new data. The process of machine learning is similar to that of
data mining. For example:
o Machine learning has been used for image, video, and text recognition, as well as
serving as the power behind recommendation engines. Apple SIRI is a good example.
o This technology is being is being used in autonomous vehicles, the google car.

Applications:
Virtually all applications were in AI using Machine learning so that
some value is added. It includes specifically following application:
1. Autonomous vehicles
2. Medical diagnosis, in cancer research. Predicting the chances of an individual getting ill by a
disease.
3. Playing games and predicting the outcomes. Say which number on a lottery ticket may win.
4. Search engines
5. Online assistants
Risk:
Machine learning being an application based on AI, the nature of risk to it remain similar to those posed by
AI systems.
Web 3.0:
The term web 3.0 is also known as semantic web. Describes sites wherein the computers will be
generated raw data on their own without direct user interaction. Web 3.0 is considered as the next logical
step in the evolution of the Internet and Web technologies. Initially, the Internet is confined within the
physical walls of the computer, but as more and more devices such as smartphones, cars and other
household appliances become connected to the web,the Internet will be omnipresent and could be utilized
in the most efficient manner.
Underlying Concept
Web 3.0 standard uses semantic web technology, drag and drop mash-ups, widgets, user behavior, user
engagement, and consolidation of dynamic web contents depending on the interest of the individual users.
Web 3.0 technology uses the “Data Web” Technology, which features the data records that are publishable
and reusable on the web through query-able formats. The Web 3.0 standard also incorporates the latest
researches in the field of artificial intelligence. An example of typical Web 3.0 application is the one that
usescontent management systemsalong with artificial intelligence. These systemscan answerthe questions
posed by the users, because the application can think on its own and find the most probable answer,
depending on the context, to the query submitted by the user. In this way,Web 3.0 can also be described as
a “machine to user” standard in the internet.

Components of Web 3.0
 Semantic Web:
This provides the web user a common framework that could be used to share and reuse the data across
various applications, enterprises, and community boundaries. This allows the data and information to be
readily intercepted by machines, so that the machines are able to take contextual decisions on their own by
finding, combining and acting upon relevant information on the web.
 Web Services:
It is a software system that supports computer-to-computer interaction over the Internet. For example - the
popular photo-sharing website Flickr provides a web service that could be utilized and the developers to
programmatically interface with Flickr in order to search for images. To conclude, Web 3.0 helps to
achieve a more connected open and intelligent web applications using the concepts of natural language
processing machine learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.

Internet of Things (IoT):
Definition:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer
data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. For
example:
 Washing machines with Wi-Fi networking capabilities can connect themselves
to home Wi-Fi. Once these machines are so connected, they can be controlled
through machine manufacturer mobile APP from anywhere in the world.
 India’s living legend of cricket appearing in an Advertisement for water purifier
informs that, the water purifier is Wi-Fi enabled. When the purifying agents
deplete in the machine, it connects to home Wi-Fi and informs the service agents
of the company.
All above examples are from products being sold in India.
Future:
Gartner, the technology researcher has projected that by 2020 the IOT business across the world would
increase to USD 1.9 Trillion. In rupee terms at current exchange rate (INR: UDS=67.50::1) it comes to a
staggering 1,34,0,00,00,00,00,000.00 or keeping it simple virtually equal to India’s GDP
today.
Applications:
Some of the applications are as follows:
 All home appliances to be connected and that shall create a virtual home.
 Home owners can keep track of all activities in house through their hand
held devices.
 Home security CCTV is also monitored through hand held devices.
 Office machines shall be connected through net.

 Human resource managers shall be able to see how many people have had
cup of coffee from vending machine and how many are present.
 How many printouts are being generated through office printer?
 Governments can keep track of resource utilizations / extra support needed.
 Under SWACHH mission government can tag all dustbins with IOT sensors.
 They (dustbins) generate a message once they are full. Being connected to
Wi-Fi, they can intimate the cleaning supervisor of Municipal Corporation so
that BIN can be emptied.
 As a research study, individuals have got themselves implanted with electronic
chips in their bodies. This chip allows him / her to connect to home / office
Wi-Fi. Once connected person can enter home / office and perform designated
function. This chip becomes individual’s authentication token.
The whole world becomes a connected world. Above may appear / read like science
fiction but same is reality.

Risks:
Internet of thing is an evolving phenomenon. The nature of risk is carries is based on academic logics and
available practical experiences. The risk listed are those which are most discussed for IOT today. As
technology evolves issues shall crop up. The risk due to IOT has various facets to it:
 Risk to Product manufacturer:
Manufacturers may be out of business in few years if IOT becomes a necessary product feature.
 Data
storage and analytics: The manufacturers will to ensure the huge data generated from IOT devices is
kept secured. Hacking / Loosing this data may be distractors for entity as well as the individual to whom
it relates to.

 Risk to user of these products:
Security:This is the greatest risk due to IOT. As home devices / office equipment’s are connected to
network they shall be hit by all network related risks, including hacking, virus attacks,stealing
confidential data etc.
Privacy, autonomy and control: There is a huge risk that individuals may lose control over
their personal life. Their personal life can be hacked and made public. The other major concern is who has
the ownership of this personal data. For example: A person daily eats a burger at 12.00 in night and takes
bottle of chilled hard drink with it. S/he uses his / her mobile to operate the griller and refrigerator. The
griller and refrigerator are both sold by say XYZ ltd. This data is available on XYZ database.
 Who owns this information?
 The data can be used by insurance companies to deny an insurance claim saying the person was a
habitual drinker or raise his / her medical insurance premium as the person is having a risky life
style.
Above illustrates the big risk IOT may create for individuals.
 A manufacturer is bought out by another manufacturer. The buyer does not support old products
sold.
TechnologyRisk:Platform fragmentation and lack of technical standards are situations where the
variety of IoT devices, in terms of both hardware variations and differences in the software
running on them, makes the task of developing applications tough.
Environmental Risk due to Technology:These studies are being done to see the impact on
house air quality, due to use of heavy earth metals in devices. There no definitive data available as of
now, but the risk is being considered.

Ai by vaibhav joshi

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Ai by vaibhav joshi

Recently uploaded

Ai by vaibhav joshi