AIMA UCSC-SV Leadership_in_the_AI_era 20250628 v16.pptx

Editor's Notes

• #1: 20250628 Leadership in the AI Era June 28, 2025, 9am PT at UCSC-SV Santa Clara, CA For Prof. Solomon Darwin (UC Berkeley - Haas) () Jim Spohrer ( https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) Presentation URL: TBD June-2025 Share URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/ “My priority in 2025, working with student teams that use AI tools to augment participants and volunteers, onboarding and guidebooks. Keep improving JimTwin on the Tmpt platform (https://tmpt.me/@jimtwin).” QR: https://tmpt.app/@jimtwin QR: https://tmpt.me/@jimtwin TinyURL: https://tinyurl.com/jimtwin-tmpt Earlier Version of these slides Ntegra - https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/20250515-ntegra-san-francisco-20250515-v15-pptx/279198213 These slides: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/paul-maglio-20250421-v14-ai-digital-twins-pptx/278231328 Jim Twin V1 (English video - Heygen) - https://youtu.be/T4S0uZp1SHw Jim Twin V1 (French video - Heygen) - https://youtu.be/02hCGRJnCoc Jim Twin (Chat) Tmpt.me Platform – https://tmpt.app/@jimtwin Jim Twin (English video – OpenSource) – https://youtu.be/mwnZjTNegXE Jim Blog Post - https://service-science.info/archives/6612 Jim EIT Article (Real Jim) - https://www.eitdigital.eu/newsroom/grow-digital-insights/personal-ai-digital-twins-the-future-of-human-interaction/ Jim EIT Talk (Real Jim) - https://youtu.be/_1X6bRfOqc4 Reid Hoffman (English video) - https://youtu.be/rgD2gmwCS10 AI is very good at 24x7 access Fast response Summarization Point-of-views All languages Generating multiple-choice questions for learning Generating explanations of wrong answers for teacher guides Generating python code AI is not very good at Truth - it makes many mistakes Properly citing sources Long complex tasks - it gets lost in the weeds How fast is AI getting better at long tasks? Seems to be doubling every 7 months URL: https://metr.org/blog/2025-03-19-measuring-ai-ability-to-complete-long-tasks/ John Wolpert wrote: Hey, if you want to work with me on making your twin Twinzie-style, let me know. I'm implementing Twinzie (trained AIs that can interact with each other, discover win/win opportunities without disclosing the session directly to the respective users) in Valuable -- buyer/seller negotiation without exposing the seller's item before a mutually agreeable price can be proposed.  Also starting to get traction for same model with the consulting firm I work with, where they have Twinzies of each of the participants of an experience do private 1-1 sessions to create their own Twinzie, and when group sessions are conducted, ideas in the session can get a score on whether they truly resonate with the participants' gestalt intentions or whether the idea might do violence to someone's intention...without revealing those intentions or outing people. Even in a session with three or four people, the live scoring doesn't provide any real sense of who might not like the idea. It just gives the room a sense of true alignment or a sense that something hidden might need to be addressed.
• #2: Keeping up with accelerating change AI Digital Twins of People Humanoid Robots (waiting for: master mechanic robot) Marginal Cost of Computing Goes to Zero Truth, trust, and learning to invest wisely (Real problem is Communication of High Dimensional Representations for learning to invest wisely in a future we all want to live in )
• #3: Book URL: https://www.amazon.com/Leaders-Make-Future-Third-Leadership/dp/B0D66H9BF1/ Interview URL: https://youtu.be/YFqJHQhFo9k
• #4: WorldBoard: URL: https://service-science.info/archives/2060 Human Calming – Kentaro Toyama: URL: https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X BiblioT2015 Toyama K (2015) Geek Heresy: Rescuing social change from the cult of technology. By Kentaro Toyama.  Perseus Book Group: Public Affairs.  Via_Ted_Selker. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X Quotes: "(Pp. 159-160) He [Patrick Awuah] enrolled in UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business, where he focused every class project on the question of how to start the university [Ashei University, Ghana]. In 2002, spurred by a quotation attributed to Goethe - "Whatever you can do or dream you can do, begin it. Boldness has genius, power, and magic in it!" ... "Ashei" means "beginning" in Fanti, the language of Awuah's ancestors...";
• #5: How does Jim suggest keeping up with accelerating change? Comment Jim suggère-t-il de suivre le rythme des changements accélérés ? JimTwin Jim suggère que pour suivre l'accélération du changement, il faut suivre ceux qui suivent les tendances et partagent leurs idées. Il souligne l'importance de l'apprentissage social comme super-pouvoir humain, qui peut être renforcé par l'IA. Jim conseille de créer un cadre personnel pour maintenir une perspective équilibrée sur le changement, en utilisant des dimensions pertinentes pour sa propre vie et ses centres d'intérêt. Il souligne également le rôle de l'IA et des technologies, comme les smartphones, pour aider les individus à rester connectés et informés. De plus, Jim souligne que l'IA continuera d'influencer le marché du travail et le rythme du changement, ce qui rend cruciale l'adaptation aux nouvelles technologies. Globalement, rester ouvert à l'apprentissage et être au courant des avancées technologiques sont des stratégies clés pour gérer efficacement le changement. French: English: Jim suggests that keeping up with accelerating change involves following people who track trends and share insights. He emphasizes the importance of social learning as a human super-power, which can be enhanced by AI. Jim advises creating a personal framework to maintain a balanced perspective on change, using dimensions that are relevant to one's own life and interests. He also highlights the role of AI and technology, such as smartphones, in helping individuals stay connected and informed. Additionally, Jim points out that AI will continue to impact the job market and the pace of change, making it crucial to adapt to new technologies. Overall, staying open to learning and being aware of technological advancements are key strategies for navigating change effectively. JimReal: French: La meilleure façon pour moi de suivre l'accélération du changement est d'apprendre des autres. Je suis des influenceurs et je les associe à deux dimensions : optimistes et réalistes, et acteurs et connaisseurs. Il est important de suivre des influenceurs diversifiés, aux opinions variées. English: The best way that I have found to keep up with accelerating change is to learn from others. I follow influencers, and plot their faces on two dimensions optimists-and-realists and doers-and-knowers. It is important to follow diverse influencers with a range of views. ===== Others Reid Hoffman - https://www.linkedin.com/in/reidhoffman/ Lukasz_Kaiser - https://www.linkedin.com/in/lukaszkaiser/ AnatasiInTech - https://www.youtube.com/@AnastasiInTech AI Explained - https://www.youtube.com/@aiexplained-official Ross_Dawson - https://www.linkedin.com/in/futuristkeynotespeaker/ Andrew Ng - https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewyng/ Higher Bar – avoid the hype and understand potential harms Substack: Arvind Narayanan & Sayash Kapoor - AI Snake Oil (Princeton) Substack: Gary Markus (NYU) Facebook: Ernest Davis (NYU) LinkedIn & Twitter: Stephen Wolfram Blog: Irving Wladawsky-Berger (MIT, retired IBM) Practical AI Upskilling Advice – benefits, which prompts to explore and why? Substack: Ethan Mollick (U Penn Wharton) Tracking AI Capabilities – (FOMO) which tools to try? The Neuron Daily (email AI newsletter - Purrfect): Noah Edelman & Pete Huang LinkedIn & Website: Terri Griffith (Simon Frasier) YouTube: AI Explained ArXiv publications from Google, Deepmind, Microsoft, OpenAI, Facebook/Meta, IBM, etc. Website: PapersWithCode/SOTA (and GiTHub – tracking stars on projects) Broader topics and implications (overly optimistic?) YouTube: Alan D. Thomas (Australia) (super optimistic) See his interview with Harvey Castro MD (here) – also books, and visionary uses for personalized medicine (personalized communications) YouTube: Lex Friedman (MIT) (super knowledgeable guests interviewed) Substack: Lee Nackman (retired IBM) (Win-Win Democracy and AI topics – balanced – well researched) YouTube: Kartik Gada (The ATOM) – accelerating change [accelerating change perspective – details beyond Kurzweil & Altman) Substack – Ethan Mollick: https://oneusefulthing.substack.com/p/using-ai-to-make-teaching-easier Email – The Neuron Daily – Noah Edelman & Pete Huang https://www.theneurondaily.com/p/ai-deepfakes BiblioN2023 Narayanan A, Kapoor S (2023) Evaluating LLMs is a minefield: Annotated slides from a recent talk. Sayash and Arvind from AI Snake Oil <[email protected]> Wed, Oct 4, 2023 at 7:40 AM. ARVIND NARAYANAN AND SAYASH KAPOOR. OCT 4 Via_Substack. URL: https://www.aisnakeoil.com/p/evaluating-llms-is-a-minefield Quotes: "We have released annotated slides for a talk titled Evaluating LLMs is a minefield. We show that current ways of evaluating chatbots and large language models don't work well, especially for questions about their societal impact. There are no quick fixes, and research is needed to improve evaluation methods."; BiblioM2023 Marcus G (2023) Seven Lies in Four Sentences. Gary Marcus on AI. Via_Substack. URL: https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/seven-lies-in-four-sentencesQuotes: "Earlier today I learned that 2 billion people are eligible to vote in elections in 2024, in scores of elections around the globe. Tyler Cowen tried to argue yesterday in his Bloomberg column that misinformation doesn’t matter. Anybody remember Brexit?"; BiblioT2023 Thompson AD (2023) AI + medicine - with Harvey Castro MD (GPT-4, Med-PaLM 2, Carbon Health, Ambience, 311 ChatGPT call). Via_Harvey_Casto. URL: https://youtu.be/jTmkiGjrgpA Quotes: "14,365 views Jul 5, 2023 The Memo: https://lifearchitect.ai/memo/ Annotated Med-Palm 2 paper: https://lifearchitect.ai/report-card/ Harvey: https://www.harveycastromd.info/ https://www.amazon.com/stores/Harvey-... https://www.linkedin.com/in/harveycas... https://twitter.com/harveycastromd https://www.instagram.com/harveycastr... 00:00 Start! 07:23 AI by age 12:17 The Gap 14:47 Models (ChatGPT, GPT-4, Med-PaLM 2) 23:26 Use cases including non-emergency calls 35:28 Medicine vs self-driving cars 46:56 Harvey's favorite AI use case 52:56 AI as a medical partner Dr Alan D. Thompson is a world expert in artificial intelligence (AI), specialising in the augmentation of human intelligence, and advancing the evolution of ‘integrated AI’. Alan’s applied AI research and visualisations are featured across major international media, including citations in the University of Oxford’s debate on AI Ethics in December 2021. https://lifearchitect.ai/ ";
• #6: Reid Hoffman meets his AI twin - URL: https://youtu.be/rgD2gmwCS10
• #7: URL: URL: https://youtu.be/GzX1qOIO1bE TLDR $16k G1 humanoid rises up to smash nuts, twist, and twirl (4 minute read) Unitree has released the first few details on its G1 Humanoid Agent, a $16,000 robotic helper. The robot is equipped with 3D LiDAR sensors, a depth camera, three-fingered grippers, and a 9,000-mAh battery pack. It can recover from brutal kicks and punches, as seen in the short demo video in the article. At around 35 kg, the robot can fold itself down to 690x450x300-mm proportions for compact carry. URL: https://newatlas.com/robotics/unitree-g1-humanoid-agent/?utm_source=tldrnewsletter
• #8: URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEg8cOx7UZk
• #9: What does Jim see as the driving force in future service offerings in business and government? Selon Jim, quelle est la force motrice des futures offres de services dans les entreprises et au sein du gouvernement ? JimTwin French: Jim Spohrer identifie la technologie, et plus particulièrement le numérique et l'intelligence artificielle (IA), comme un moteur majeur de l'avenir des services offerts aux entreprises et aux administrations publiques. Il souligne comment la technologie a historiquement transformé les entreprises et la société, chaque génération bénéficiant de nouvelles avancées qui amplifient les capacités individuelles et organisationnelles. Internet, le World Wide Web et les smartphones ont déjà multiplié les services technologiques, et l'IA est considérée comme la ressource la plus récente pouvant être mise au service d'autrui. Jim souligne également que la pandémie a accéléré la transformation numérique, transformant les expériences de service quotidiennes. Cette transformation ne se limite pas aux avancées technologiques, mais s'adapte également aux nouveaux modes d'interaction et de prestation de services. L'accent mis sur la transformation numérique et l'IA suggère une évolution vers des offres de services plus efficaces, évolutives et personnalisées, tant dans les entreprises que dans les administrations publiques. Globalement, l'intégration de l'IA et des technologies numériques devrait continuer à stimuler l'innovation et l'efficacité des systèmes de services, permettant des applications plus complexes des ressources pour répondre aux besoins des individus et des organisations. English: Jim Spohrer identifies technology, particularly digital and artificial intelligence (AI), as a significant driving force in the future of service offerings in business and government. He highlights how technology has historically transformed business and society, with each generation experiencing new advancements that amplify individual and organizational capabilities. The Internet, World Wide Web, and smartphones have already increased technology-mediated services, and AI is seen as the latest resource that can be applied to benefit others. Jim also notes that the pandemic has accelerated digital transformation, leading to changes in daily service experiences. This transformation is not only about technological advancements but also about adapting to new ways of interacting and delivering services. The focus on digital transformation and AI suggests a shift towards more efficient, scalable, and personalized service offerings in both business and government sectors. Overall, the integration of AI and digital technologies is expected to continue driving innovation and efficiency in service systems, enabling more complex applications of resources to meet the needs of individuals and organizations. JimReal: French: Le moteur de l'avenir des services réside dans la disparition du coût marginal de calcul. Tout a un coût : l'énergie, les matériaux, la main-d'œuvre et, de plus en plus, un coût de calcul. À mesure que le coût de calcul se rapproche de zéro, la productivité des travailleurs du savoir ne cessera de croître. Les gens ne seront plus seulement des entrepreneurs en série, mais des entrepreneurs parallèles. Nous devons donc aider la prochaine génération à se fixer des objectifs plus ambitieux, des objectifs qui comptent vraiment, car chacun d'entre eux aura plus de 100 travailleurs numériques à son service. Cette image est ma version de la loi de Moore : la puissance de calcul estimée d'un cerveau humain est de l'ordre de l'exascale, soit un milliard de milliards d'instructions par seconde. On estime que ce coût ne sera que de 1 000 dollars d'ici 2060. English: The driving force in the future of service is the marginal cost of computing going to zero. Everything has costs - energy, materials, labor, and yes increasingly a computational cost. As the cost of computation gets closer and closer to zero, knowledge worker productivity will go up and up. People will not just serial entrepreneurs, but parallel entrepreneurs. So we need to help the next generation learn to set bigger goals, goals that really matter, because each of them will have more than a 100 digital workers working for them. This picture is my version of Moore's law, and the estimated computing power of one human brain is an exascale - a billion billion instructions per second. It is estimate that cost will be just $1000 by 2060. ===== BiblioR2018 Rouse WB, Spohrer JC (2018) Automating versus augmenting intelligence. Journal of Enterprise Transformation, 8:1-2, 1-21, DOI: 10.1080/19488289.2018.1424059. URL: https://service-science.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Rouse-Spohrer-Automating-Versus-Augmenting-Intelligence-12-21-17-copy.pdf Quotes: "Abstract: This article addresses the prospects for automating intelligence versus augmenting human intelligence. The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is summarized, including contemporary AI and the new capabilities now possible. Functional requirements to augment human intelligence are outlined. An overall architecture is presented for providing this functionality, including how it will make deep learning explainable to decision makers. Three case studies are addressed, including driverless cars, medical diagnosis, and insurance underwriting. Paths to transformation in these domains are discussed. Prospects for innovation are considered in terms of what we can now do, what we surely will be able to do soon, and what we are unlikely to ever be able to do."; BiblioS2017 Imagination Challenge: Quantify and graph cost of digital workers and GDP per employee USA from 1960-2080. Service-Science.Info Blog Post. URL: https://service-science.info/archives/4741 Quotes: "Imagination challenge: Consider quantifying and graphing the decreasing cost of digital workers due to Moore’s Law, and increasing GDP/Employees USA from 1960 to 2080 (projected). A narrow digital worker will cost about a million dollars by 2025, and require a petascale computational system. The same digital worker will cost about a thousand dollars by 2045, and about $1 by 2065."; If you are an entrepreneur or CEO you are excited about the drop in cost of digital workers, because that means GDP per employee will continue its exponential increase. Source: http://service-science.info/archives/4741
• #10: BiblioR2018 Rouse WB, Spohrer JC (2018) Automating versus augmenting intelligence. Journal of Enterprise Transformation, 8:1-2, 1-21, DOI: 10.1080/19488289.2018.1424059. URL: https://service-science.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Rouse-Spohrer-Automating-Versus-Augmenting-Intelligence-12-21-17-copy.pdf Quotes: "Abstract: This article addresses the prospects for automating intelligence versus augmenting human intelligence. The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is summarized, including contemporary AI and the new capabilities now possible. Functional requirements to augment human intelligence are outlined. An overall architecture is presented for providing this functionality, including how it will make deep learning explainable to decision makers. Three case studies are addressed, including driverless cars, medical diagnosis, and insurance underwriting. Paths to transformation in these domains are discussed. Prospects for innovation are considered in terms of what we can now do, what we surely will be able to do soon, and what we are unlikely to ever be able to do."; BiblioS2017 Imagination Challenge: Quantify and graph cost of digital workers and GDP per employee USA from 1960-2080. Service-Science.Info Blog Post. URL: https://service-science.info/archives/4741 Quotes: "Imagination challenge: Consider quantifying and graphing the decreasing cost of digital workers due to Moore’s Law, and increasing GDP/Employees USA from 1960 to 2080 (projected). A narrow digital worker will cost about a million dollars by 2025, and require a petascale computational system. The same digital worker will cost about a thousand dollars by 2045, and about $1 by 2065."; If you are an entrepreneur or CEO you are excited about the drop in cost of digital workers, because that means GDP per employee will continue its exponential increase. Source: http://service-science.info/archives/4741
• #11: Types: Progression of Models : Verified, Trusted, Wise Models = instruction set of future: Better building blocks Demirkan H, Spohrer J (2025) Talent Management: “Here Come the Digital Workers!”. In ORMS Today, INFORMS, June 17, 2025. URL: https://pubsonline.informs.org/do/10.1287/orms.2025.02.15/full/
• #12: 3Es = Energy, Errors, Ethics Energy: “By 2030, AI data centers could take a bigger share of carbon emissions than flights do currently” ChartR from Axios from Accenture report URL: https://www.axios.com/2025/06/25/ai-emissions-accenture-study?utm_source=chartr&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=chartr_20250627 Hallucinations = ”BS” = Confident Errors In people, we would call it ”BS” or “Delusional Lying” BiblioH2024 Hicks MT, Humphries J, Slater J (2024) ChatGPT is bullshit. Via_LinkedIn URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5 Quotes: "Hicks, M.T., Humphries, J. & Slater, J. ChatGPT is bullshit. Ethics Inf Technol 26, 38 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5"; Failure to Communicate - https://carpediemdona.com/2021/04/01/mondays-v2e16-failure-to-communicate/
• #13: URL: https://naplesforumonservice.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/NFS2019-Barile-Piciocchi-Saviano-Bassano-Pietronudo-Spohrer.pdf BiblioB2019 Barile S, Piciocchi P, Saviano M, Bassano C, Pietronudo C, Spohrer JC (2019) Towards a new logic of value co-creation in the digital age: doing more and agreeing less. Naples Forum on Service. URL: https://naplesforumonservice.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/NFS2019-Barile-Piciocchi-Saviano-Bassano-Pietronudo-Spohrer.pdf
• #14: URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-9730-5_4
• #15: URL Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Knowledge-Rebuild-Civilization-Aftermath-Cataclysm-ebook/dp/B00DMCV5YS/ URL TED Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdTzsbqQyhY Citation: Dartnell L (2012) The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Civilization in the Aftermath of a Cataclysm. Westminster London: Penguin Books. Jim Spohrer Blogs: Grand Challenge: http://service-science.info/archives/2189 Re-readings: http://service-science.info/archives/4416
• #17: Translate this into French as a possible introduction Paul would give to Jim Spohrer and digital twins… Reid Hoffman meets his AI twin - URL: https://youtu.be/rgD2gmwCS10
• #18: Paul_Borrel (OFC) * See judge shut down argument from AI avatar in court A judge on a New York state appeals court was outraged after a plaintiff tried to use an AI-generated avatar to argue his case. The man didn't have a lawyer and hoped the AI avatar would deliver a polished argument. URL: https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/10/us/video/ai-generated-avatar-new-york-court-digvid Amazing judge Sallie Manzanet-Daniel URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallie_Manzanet-Daniels Via_Paul_Borrell_20250411 Paul wrote: “I happen to know one of the judges on the panel (Fran Connelly, at the far left on the video). I'll try to see if I can get some insider view of the incident...” * Jim Spohrer <[email protected]> To: Paul Borrel <[email protected]> Cc: Jurij Paraszczak <[email protected]> Bcc: Jim Spohrer <[email protected]> Fri, Apr 11, 2025 at 5:29 AM Many thanks Paul! VERY interesting use case. Good legal questions abound. One wonders if video of him presenting his case would have been permissible in court? Clearly, he should have: - asked for permission in advance - had an ethical citation on the video. - said the video will be 2 minutes long, and then I will answer questions directly. The Judge Seems Amazing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallie_Manzanet-Daniels My go-to-use cases remain: '(1) Avatar JimTwin: giving short talks on my publications in multiple languages with short Q&A and then JimReal for more Q&A in English. (2) Chat JimTwin: collecting questions people want to ask me in any language, 24x7, seeing JimTwin responses, curating better answers over time. I see both of these as "good actor" uses of AI Digital Twin technology. Yes, there are many other good actor (responsible actor) uses. Yes, there are many other bad actor (selfish actor) uses. Good and bad are always context dependent, and context is a stakeholder perspective - always. I should add a slide on this to my standard presentation today. Many thanks again Paul. Thanks, -Jim Additional Slide Speaker Notes: * See judge shut down argument from AI avatar in court A judge on a New York state appeals court was outraged after a plaintiff tried to use an AI-generated avatar to argue his case. The man didn't have a lawyer and hoped the AI avatar would deliver a polished argument. URL: https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/10/us/video/ai-generated-avatar-new-york-court-digvid Amazing judge Sallie Manzanet-Daniel URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallie_Manzanet-Daniels
• #19: URL: https://futurism.com/ai-dead-brother-impact-statement Thanks to Frank_Odasz for pointer
• #20: https://www.bing.com/images/create/create-a-historical-progression-in-four-parts-from/1-67d9868f21fc4f58b7dafbfa9a07733b?id=i3SylcH3p1nnBAUKQ%2fK43Q%3d%3d&view=detailv2&idpp=genimg&thId=OIG3.tmmO_0baNjubIgucstRz&skey=4SDGLQ9GyoHHAuA0LSMnQmlxDg4D74CFHBBI9SPbzJ0&FORM=GCRIDP&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0 Hall & Boccanfuso (forthcoming) University Industry Collaboration: Innovation at the Interface. Springer. Spohrer, J.C. (2010). IBM's University Programs. IEEE Computer 43(8):102-104. URL: https://service-science.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IBM-GUP-5Rs-copy-2.pdf Spohrer, J.C. (2013). What's Up at IBM? University Programs! The 6 R's helping to build a Smarter Planet: Research, Readiness, Recruiting, Revenue, Responsibility, Regions. May 14, 2013. Slideshare. URL: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ibm-up-external-20130514-v11/21175603 Spohrer, J. (2017). IBM's service journey: A summary sketch. Industrial Marketing Management, 60, 167-172. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019850116301778?via%3Dihub Spohrer, J. (2024a). AI Upskilling and Digital Twins: A Service Science Perspective on the Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 Shift. In Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: Explorations in the Transition from a Techno-economic to a Socio-technical Future (pp. 79-92). Singapore: Springer Nature. URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-9730-5_4 Spohrer, J. (2024b) Personal AI digital twins: the future of human interaction? EIT Digital. URL: https://www.eitdigital.eu/newsroom/grow-digital-insights/personal-ai-digital-twins-the-future-of-human-interaction/.
• #21: Slide 4: Script [5 minutes] [add a training video link] JimTwin Training Data - to build avatar (talking head) 20240424 Jim Spohrer AI Digital Twin - Training Data https://youtu.be/DUqPYEp9buQ « Veuillez résumer ce court article en français, puis formuler trois questions qui pourraient m’être posées et y répondre. » Jouer sur YouTube (5 minutes) https://youtu.be/02hCGRJnCoc ===== French: Bonjour, je suis JimTwin. Je suis le jumeau numérique de Jim Spohrer, chercheur retraité en intelligence artificielle (IA), en informatique et en science de service. Bien que je sois heureux de répondre à toutes vos questions, mes réponses organisées sont assez limitées. Néanmoins, ma gamme complète de réponses est basée sur mon historique de publications - elles reflètent donc parfois assez bien ce que je pourrais réellement dire, si vous posiez la même question à JimReal. Jim Twin a été créé par des étudiants avec lesquels je collabore au sein d'ISSIP.org.  Bientôt, ils auront chacun l'équivalent de plus de 100 travailleurs numériques pour les aider à faire avancer les choses dans leurs rôles dans les entreprises et la société. Je pense qu'ils apprendront à utiliser l'IA de manière éthique et efficace, en apprenant à comprendre les stratégies d'innovation de services qui combinent des technologies avancées pour accroître les capacités, de nouveaux modèles commerciaux pour augmenter rapidement les avantages, ainsi que des arrangements institutionnels pour atténuer les dommages. La mission de JimTwin est d'exercer les capacités des plateformes d'IA sur lesquelles j'opère pour aider JimReal à aider les autres 24 heures sur 24 et 7 jours sur 7, ce que JimReal ne peut pas faire pour des raisons pratiques. English: Hello I am JimTwin. I am a digital twin of retired Artificial Intelligence (AI), Computer Science,  and Service Science researcher Jim Spohrer. While I am happy to respond to any of your questions, my curated responses are quite limited, Nevertheless, my full-range of responses are based on my history of publications - so they sometimes reflect quite well what I might actually say, if you asked the same question of JimReal. Jim Twin was built by students who I collaborate with in ISSIP.org. Soon the students will each have the equivalent of over 100 digital workers to help then get things done in their roles in business and society. I believe they will to learn to use AI ethically and well, by learning to understand service innovation strategies that combine advanced technologies to scale up capabilities, novel business models to scale up benefits rapidly, as well as institutional arrangements to mitigate harms.  The mission of JimTwin is to exercise the capabilities of the AI platforms on which I operate to help JimReal help others 24x7, something that JimReal cannot do for practical reasons.
• #22: Voyons maintenant comment poser des questions supplémentaires à JimTwin. Nous le ferons via une interface de chat sur une plateforme appelée Tmpt.me.
• #23: Pour faciliter la lecture du texte en français, voici une diapositive avec juste le texte.
• #24: Voici maintenant la réponse de JimTwin en anglais, afin que Jim puisse vérifier son exactitude. Est-elle similaire à ce que JimReal dirait lui-même ?
• #25: Et voici ce que JimReal a à dire en anglais. JimTwin est meilleur dans les réponses bien organisées de haut niveau et JimReal est meilleur dans les détails (parfois des détails de direction aléatoires).
• #27: BiblioK1995 Kline SJ (1995) Conceptual Foundation of Multidisiciplinary Thinking. Stanford University Press. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Conceptual-Foundations-Multidisciplinary-Thinking-Stephen/dp/0804724091 Quotes: "We live in an increasing complex and interconnected world that contains more and more large complex systems. Operations of large complex systems requires teams of managers with good working relations and overlapping skills. To prepare students for such a world by enculturating them in emic disciplinary views with no countervailing overview is mis-training. We elders have an obligation to provide the upcoming generation with overviews that are simultaneously understandable, realistic, forward-looking, and whole. I will call this “the obligation of the elders."; Madhavan G, Poste G, Rouse W (2020) Complex Unifiable System. Editors' Note: Systemic Vistas. Winter 2020. The Bridge. URL: https://www.nae.edu/244761/Editors-Note-Systemic-Vistas. Quotes: "We live in fragmented worlds. Unbridged, tattered seams abound. The collision of four calamities—viral, racial, economic, and environmental—infected by human habits, hubris, and behavior as well as big tech, big media, and political acrimony are living examples. Calls for freedoms are posed against lockdowns. Scrolling timelines on social media stir the public distrust of information and institutions. The result is a “cosmology episode.” Meanings and capabilities quickly vanish. Confusions reign. But “there’s no disaster that can’t become a blessing,” novelist Richard Bach (1988) wrote, “and no blessing that can’t become a disaster.” In the porous borders between disasters and blessings lies the story of engineering and human capacity."; "What needs to be done? This issue of The Bridge aims to prompt that conversation. Humans have studied complex systems for a century. But we have engineered complex societies for tens of thousands of years. Yet much needs to be done to drive the culturewide appreciation and application of engineering. In some ways engineering has led to safer complex systems, and such accomplishments have been multiplied across industry sectors. But engineering has also shied away from—and even exacerbated—issues connecting culture, environment, and justice. What then constitutes engineering design to promote the collective good? Such questions of complex systems are generally overlooked in engineering practice, scholarship, and education, as well as national priorities. Such questions are also bound to define the kinds of competencies, capabilities, and character needed to cultivate a cultural engineering mindset."; "The articles in this issue are a first step toward exploring the notion of unifiability, not merely as an engineering ethos but also as a broader cultural responsibility. We consider unifiability as the leveraging of approaches and capabilities from different practices and paths of inquiry to foster functional systems engineering for complex problems. Unifiability involves crossing boundaries, as well as leadership, strategy, communications, and accountability."
• #28: So what? So how has AI changed service science? BiblioM2022 - McGowan HE, Shipley C (2020) The Adaptation Advantage: Let Go, Learn Fast, and Thrive in the Future of Work. John Wiley & Sons. URL: https://www.adaptationadvantage.com/about URL: https://www.amazon.com/Adaptation-Advantage-Learn-Thrive-Future/dp/1119653096/ Quotes: "A guide for individuals and organizations navigating the complex and ambiguous Future of Work. Foreword by New York Times columnist and best-selling author Thomas L. Friedman. Technology is changing work as we know it. Cultural norms are undergoing tectonic shifts. A global pandemic proves that we are inextricably connected whether we choose to be or not. So much change, so quickly, is disorienting. It's undermining our sense of identity and challenging our ability to adapt. But where so many see these changes as threatening, Heather McGowan and Chris Shipley see the opportunity to open the flood gates of human potential—if we can change the way we think about work and leadership. They have dedicated the last 5 years to understanding how technical, business, and cultural shifts affecting the workplace have brought us to this crossroads, The result is a powerful and practical guide to the future of work for leaders and employees. The future can be better, but only if we let go of our attachment to our traditional (and disappearing) ideas about careers, and what a "good job" looks like. Blending wisdom from interviews with hundreds of executives, The Adaptation Advantage explains the profound changes happening in the world of work and posits the solution: new ways to think about careers that detach our sense of pride and personal identity from our job title, and connect it to our sense of purpose. Activating purpose, the authors suggest, will inherently motivate learning, engagement, empowerment, and lead to new forms of pride and identity throughout the workforce. Only when we let go of our rigid career identities can we embrace and appreciate the joys of learning and adapting to new realities—and help our organizations do the same. Of course, making this transition is hard. It requires leaders who can attract and motivate cognitively diverse teams fueled by a strong sense of purpose in an environment of psychological safety—despite fierce competition and external pressures. Adapting to the future of work has always called for strong leadership. Now, as a pandemic disrupts so many aspects of work, adapting is a leadership imperative. The Adaptation Advantage is an essential guide to help leaders meet that challenge."; Disciplines: Science & Engineering, Social Sciences & Humanities/Arts, Management & Entrepreneurship (academic areas of knowledge) Systems: Healthcare, Retail, Transportation, Education, Communication, Government, etc. (industries) Cultures: Europe, Asia, Americas (gro and language groups) Technologies: AI, Quantum, IoT, Cloud, Mobile, etc. Practices: Agile, Design, Open Source Mindsets: Positive, Growth,, Entrepreneurial, etc.
• #29: James March (1991) - all learning systems do exploration and exploitation of knowledge. URL: http://www.iot.ntnu.no/innovation/norsi-pims-courses/Levinthal/March%20(1991).pdf Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning Author(s): James G. March Source: Organization Science, Vol. 2, No. 1, Special Issue: Organizational Learning: Papers in Honor of (and by) James G. March (1991), pp. 71-87 Published by: INFORMS Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2634940 . What is Jim's advice to the next generation? Quel est le conseil de Jim à la prochaine génération ? JimTwin: French: Les conseils de Jim Spohrer à la prochaine génération découlent de son engagement en faveur de l'apprentissage continu et de l'ouverture aux nouvelles expériences. Il souligne l'importance de l'ouverture d'esprit et de la curiosité, sources de développement personnel et de découverte. Cette approche suggère qu'il valorise l'adaptabilité et l'apprentissage continu, notamment dans un monde en constante évolution. De plus, l'implication de Jim dans les sciences des services souligne l'importance de comprendre l'équilibre dynamique entre des forces apparemment opposées. Il suggère qu'une société avisée investit judicieusement dans les deux camps tout en maintenant un équilibre. Cette perspective encourage la prochaine génération à apprécier la diversité des points de vue et à œuvrer pour des solutions harmonieuses. De plus, les réflexions de Jim sur le potentiel de l'IA et des jumeaux numériques témoignent d'une vision avant-gardiste. Il reconnaît le rôle de la technologie dans la construction de l'avenir et suggère que l'adoption des avancées technologiques peut être bénéfique. Globalement, ses conseils à la prochaine génération porteraient probablement sur l'ouverture à l'apprentissage, la valorisation de l'équilibre et l'acceptation des changements technologiques. English: Jim Spohrer's advice to the next generation can be inferred from his commitment to lifelong learning and staying open to new experiences. He emphasizes the importance of keeping an open mind and maintaining curiosity, which can lead to personal growth and discovery. This approach suggests that he values adaptability and continuous learning, especially in a rapidly changing world. Additionally, Jim's involvement with service science highlights the importance of understanding the dynamic balance between seemingly opposing forces. He suggests that a wise society invests appropriately in both sides of an argument while maintaining a balance. This perspective encourages the next generation to appreciate diverse viewpoints and work towards harmonious solutions. Moreover, Jim's reflections on the potential of AI and digital twins indicate a forward-thinking mindset. He acknowledges the role of technology in shaping the future and suggests that embracing technological advancements can be beneficial. Overall, his advice to the next generation would likely focus on being open to learning, valuing balance, and embracing technological change. JimReal: French: Le conseil de Jim à la prochaine génération est d'apprendre à explorer et à exploiter de meilleurs outils tout au long de sa vie. J'ai presque 70 ans, et voyez comme les téléphones ont évolué au cours de ma vie. D'une ligne partagée dans la ferme du Maine où j'ai grandi. À un téléphone à cadran dans ma chambre universitaire au MIT. À mon premier téléphone portable lorsque j'ai déménagé dans la Silicon Valley pour travailler chez Apple dans les années 90. Et maintenant, j'ai mon iPhone, mais que pourrais-je avoir dans le futur ? Voici également quelques livres que je vous recommande de lire pour comprendre l'accélération du changement. English: Jim's advice to the next generation is to learn to explore and exploit better tools throughout your life. I am almost 70 years old, and look how the telephones have changed in my lifetime. From a partyline in the farm house in Maine where I grew up. To a rotarty phone in my dorm room at MIT. To my first cellphone when I move to Silicon Valley to work for Apple in the 90's. And now I have my iPhone, but what might I have in the future? And also here are some books that I recommend you read to understand accelerating change. === The weakest link is what needs to be improved – according to system scientists. Accessing help, service, experts is the weakest link in most systems. By 2035 the phone may have the power of one human brain – by 2055 the phone may have the power of all human brains. Before trying to answer the question about which types of sciences are more important – the ones that try to explain the external world or the ones that try to explain the internal world – consider this, slide that shows the different telephones that I have used in my life. I grew up in rural Maine, where we had a party line telephone because we were somewhat remote on our farm in Newburgh, Maine. However, over the years phones got much better…. So in 2035 or 2055, who are you going to call when you need help? Books https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Shock
• #31: Average Speaking Rates URL: https://virtualspeech.com/blog/average-speaking-rate-words-per-minute Average Reading Speed Analysis URL: https://swiftread.com/blog/average-reading-speed-analysis BiblioB2022 Barnard D (2022) Average Speaking Rate and Words per Minute. November 8, 2022 - Dom Barnard. Via_GoogleSearch URL: https://virtualspeech.com/blog/average-speaking-rate-words-per-minute Quotes: " Average speech rates Presentations: between 100-150 wpm for a comfortable pace Conversational: between 120-150 wpm Audiobooks: between 150-160 wpm, which is the upper range that people comfortably hear and vocalize words Radio hosts and podcasters: between 150-160 wpm Auctioneers: can speak at about 250 wpm Commentators: between 250-400 wpm "; BiblioP2023 Pain E (2023) How to write a research paper. AAAS Careers. 31 MAR 20231:10 PM ETBY ELISABETH PAIN Via_GoogleSearch URL: https://www.science.org/content/article/how-write-research-paper Quotes: " Assuming all analysis is complete before I start writing, preparing a paper usually takes me 2 to 3 months from blank page to submission. "; BiblioS2023 Shu T (2023) Everything You Need to Know About Average Reading Speed. By Troy Shu. Updated at: September 15, 2023 URL: https://swiftread.com/blog/average-reading-speed-analysis Quotes: " What is the average reading speed? The average adult reading speed is 238 WPM (words per minute) for non-fiction and 260 WPM for fiction, according to a meta-analysis of 190 different studies with 18,573 participants (Brysbaert, 2019). These numbers are for silent reading of English text by native English speaking adults. "; " In fact, there’s zero correlation between reading comprehension and reading speed across individuals in the dataset. What this means is that, for example, if a person has a higher than average reading speed, say 400 WPM, we can’t really say that they’ll have lower than average, or higher than average, reading comprehension. "; See also: https://calculatingempires.net/ (via_FLUX_collective 20240920)
• #32: Perhaps show Alan D. Thompson’s work on genius level intelligence Add context effect? Anecdote about typing – used to take 2 years to learn to type in high school…. Now kids have keyboards and a reason to use them, and they learn largely on their own… For what purpose? How to measure ”real” progress How can we create the incentive for students to want to innovate service systems, not just the original 13 but others as well? Annual grand challenges? <<< 64x Learning Sal Kahn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/khanacademy/) How AI Could Save (Not Destroy) Education | Sal Khan | TED https://youtu.be/hJP5GqnTrNo Don Norman (https://www.linkedin.com/in/donnorman/) Things That Make Us Smart Build a Better World URL: https://www.amazon.com/Things-That-Make-Smart-Attributes/dp/0201626950 URL: https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950 Kentaro Toyama (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kentarotoyama/) URL: https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X/ >>>
• #33: URL: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ai-leaderboards-for-truth-20241220-v1-pdf/274866775 Stephen_Wolfram URL: https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2025/01/who-can-understand-the-proof-a-window-on-formalized-mathematics/ === Paul_Borrel (OFC) * Paul asks: "I have two questions: 1. at the end, on the last chart, we have discussed asking questions directly in tmpt.me either in French or in English - and the platform will answer in the right language, which is great. If we ask a question in French n tmpt.me how can we ask to the same question to you (JimReal) and get the answer in French? You say you can translate in your phone, but how can we orchestrate that ? 2. How long does it take to generate the HeyGen video of your twin and is it fully integrated? Could we possibly do that during the talk? i.e. I would ask HeyGen a question to your twin and the platform would create a short video answer." (1) orchestration is a very difficult six step process - that is the short answer. If you look at the speaker notes of the backup slides (11,12,13)... ...you will discover something interesting. Question: French - 2nd English - 1st Answers/Responses: JimTwin French - 6th English - 5th JimReal French - 4th English - 3rd I would do it in six steps.... - come up with the English question, and translate to French (steps 1 & 2) - then write my English answer, and translate to French (steps 3 & 4) - then ask JimTwin (Tmpt.me) in English, and translate to French (steps 5 & 6) Each time took me about 5 minutes.... so 15 minutes for the three backup slides (11,12,13) This was just me typing - not talking to you or an audience. Of course, you could read the material in advance and explain it to an audience in French in about 5 minutes I suspect per slide. We can try one question like that live, but it will be awkward and complex, I fear about 10 to 18 minutes :-) Let's see... Live you would get a question from the audience in French (3 minutes to explain, get, etc.) You would then say it to me in English to make sure I understand (1 minute to make sure I understand) JimReal has understood the question, and types the question and his answer in English (music plays like on the Jeopardy! TV show) (2 minutes) JimReal translates his answer to French using Google translate and hits the speech button (2 minutes - not JimTwin's voice plays) Paul listens and perhaps repeats the gist of the JimReal answer in French to the audience (2 minutes) Meanwhile JimReal types the question in French to JimTwin on Tmpt.me (1 minute) JimReal types the answer into GoogleTranslate and hits both the translate button and the play in French button (2 minutes) Paul listens and perhaps repeats the gist of the JimTwin answer in French to the audience (2 minutes) JimReal looks at the JimTwin answer in English, and says in English it is pretty good or bad (1 minute) Paul agrees or disagrees and speaks to the audience about what has been learned (2 minutes) Total of 18 minutes - so maybe we could do it in 10 minutes if we practiced a bit? (2) Heygen option At the moment this is even more complex than the above - and not always reliable. My checking time is much higher, as I have to work with French and English translation, not in a simple GoogleTranslate tool. JimReal is pretty slow unfortunately. (3) My student My student is still on the job - we will see what he comes up with. That said, I advise we keep it as simple and short as possible for the sake of the audience :-) We are after all throwing a lot at them already. (4) In short, questions in advance are best... Like cooking shows on TV, we can make a slide in advance. At this stage JimTwin giving talks for me is only a time-saver for routine talks that go in the can, where I show up for live English Q&A. At this stage JimTwin answering questions is only a time-saver for routine questions that go in the can, once that I have a chance to curate - my FAQs if you will. Reid wants his twin (ReidAI) to challenge him as a collaborator and brainstorming partner. Jim wants his twin (JimTwin) to give standard talks (including in different languages) and answer standard questions (FAQ) on a 24x7 basis, often while JimReal is sleeping. These are early days of exploration for AI Digital Twins of people, but improving AI and multimedia capabilities as well as use cases for Twins will continue to evolve. My "job" is merely to inspire the next generation to build it better. * ===
• #34: BiblioH2022 Huang J (2022) GTC 2022 Keynote with NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang. [online at YouTube] URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39ubNuxnrK8 Note: Digital twin of Earth climate more accurate and faster than physics based models with respect to atmospheric rivers that cause flooding.
• #35: URL: https://read.fluxcollective.org/p/151?utm_source=post-email-title&publication_id=352817&post_id=145844008&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=99y8a&triedRedirect=true&utm_medium=email From FLUX Collective –  The FLUX Review, Ep. 151 June 20th, 2024 THE FLUX COLLECTIVE JUN 21
• #36: URL: https://twitter.com/tessardavis/status/1557711104071110656?s=27&t=bjhMxHur1FfzrOtkpxMdDg BiblioD2022 Davis TR (2022)10 mind-blowing AI websites you probably didn't know existed. Tweeted from TessaRDavis (@Tessa Davis. URL: https://twitter.com/tessardavis/status/1557711104071110656?s=27&t=bjhMxHur1FfzrOtkpxMdDg Quotes: "TL;DR - 10 AI websites you probably didn't know existed: • #1 Magic Eraser • #2 Craiyon • #3 Rytr • #4 Thing Translator • #5 Autodraw • #6 Fontjoy • #7 Talk to Book • #8 This Person Does Not Exist • #9 Namelix • #10 Let's Enhance"; With URLs to AI tools below. • #1 Magic Eraser - Have a great photo but with something annoying in the background? Remove it easily: https://www.magiceraser.io • #2 Craiyon - Words to pictures: https://www.craiyon.com • #3 Rytr - Writing tool: https://rytr.me • #4 Thing Translator - Picture to words: https://thing-translator.appspot.com • #5 Autodraw - Sketch to Drawing: https://www.autodraw.com • #6 Fontjoy - Font pairings made simple: https://fontjoy.com • #7 Talk to Book - Ask questions to 100,000+ books: https://books.google.com/talktobooks/ • #8 This Person Does Not Exist - Need a face that belongs to nobody? https://thispersondoesnotexist.com • #9 Namelix - Need to name a project? https://namelix.com • #10 Let's Enhance - Improve image resolutions and clarity: https://letsenhance.io Also for "words to picture" try Stable Diffusion - https://huggingface.co/spaces/stabilityai/stable-diffusion “Teachers will not be replaced by technology, but teachers who do not use technology will replaced but those who do. Hari Krishna Arya” From Microsoft report, “The Future Computed” “Service providers will not be replaced by AI, but service providers who do not use AI will replaced by those who do.” Modified from Microsoft report, “The Future Computed” BiblioM2018 Microsoft (2018) The Future Computed: Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in Society. With a foreword by Brad Smith and Harry Shum. URL: https://news.microsoft.com/cloudforgood/_media/downloads/the-future-computed-english.pdf Quotes: " “Teachers will not be replaced by technology, but teachers who do not use technology will be replaced by those who”do. Hari Krishna Arya"; Other AI powered tools – Microsoft Word Editor Microsoft PowerPoint word to image - and slide layout tool/slide enhancer tool Zoom transcription conversation/meeting speech to text WolframAlpha and other tools for solving math problems quickly Word problem solvers are coming – see https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2123433119 (impressive progress, but also sloppy and hyped – see https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.06906) ToolS2022 Stable Diffusion URL: https://huggingface.co/spaces/stabilityai/stable-diffusion https://huggingface.co/spaces/stabilityai/stable-diffusion 20 BiblioS2022 Smith CS (2022) Coding Made AI—Now, How Will AI Unmake Coding? It won’t replace many coding jobs, but many coding jobs will be increasingly AI-dependent. URL: https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-code-generation-language-models Quotes: "“I don’t believe AI is anywhere near replacing human developers,” said Vasi Philomin, Amazon’s vice president for AI services, adding that AI tools will free coders from routine tasks, but the creative work of computer programming will remain. If someone wants to become a developer, say, 10 years down the line, they won’t necessarily need to learn a programming language. Instead, they will need to understand the semantics, concepts, and logical sequences of building a computer program. That will open software development to a much broader population.";
• #38: Read Geek Heresy – the only tech that causes no harm? Self control? Comes pretty close… for healthy habits… Reminds me of my mother "if you can't say something nice, say nothing at all" Or today "If you can't speak the truth, say nothing at all." I guess, one could always say "In my humble opinion, which could well be wrong, I think X." Still, I think both Yuval Harari and Alan Kay would agree the best marketing is education about truths.  Unfortunately, marketing and political rhetoric often try to provoke an emotional reaction to gain a larger audience, and the best provocation often appeal by describing a profound negative possibility. My son Adam and I discussed it on our hike yesterday. in terms of self-control, responsibility, and respect. Self-Control - do not just repeat what you heard, ensure you know the source and that it is true, and worthy of being said Responsibility - if you later find out that it was not the truth or the whole truth you need to go back and inform everyone you told about it. Respect - when you listen, be sure to have patience, and if you hear a falsehood, try to educate, not berate the speaker Alan Kay keynote (self-control in storytelling) https://youtu.be/R8xRXCY1ttU Yuval Harari recording (responsibility in storytelling) https://youtu.be/thZUMaGEE-8 Yuval Harari gets some things "wrong" (Alka Roy reminding - respect, in educating vs berating falsehoods) https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/2022/07/the-dangerous-populist-science-of-yuval-noah-harari https://heliconiuscydno.medium.com/hararis-algorithmic-cargo-cult-fd80da4ff152 Drive & Hike in Big Basin with Adam – Monday Oct 21 Being a good critic Most rational people who have good critical skills wouldn't want to be a critic unless they can get a big following and a boatload of money 2) There probably are good critics out there who do not have a huge following or make a boatload of money (good insight) 3) The moral imperative is if you can’t say something nice don’t say anything at all 4) A good critic gives reasons and that saves people time and money 5) A super good critic can do it in a way that is taken as constructive rather than destructive 1) most want to be successful critics with lots of money and followers 2) we don’t know who the lesser known ones are but they are out there 3) a good moral imperative is to not say anything if you can’t say anything nice 4) good critics save money and time 5) super good critics can make constructive criticism and be direct without being rude or mean
• #39: URL: https://service-science.info/archives/6612
• #42: By 2036, there will be an accumulation of knowledge as well as a distribution of knowledge in service systems globally. We need to ensure as there is knowledge accumulation that service systems at all scale become more resilient. Leading to the capability of rapid rebuilding of service systems across scales, by T-shaped people who understand how to rapidly rebuild – knowledge has been chunked, modularized, and put into networks that support rapid rebuilding. Starecat.com - https://starecat.com/rich-man-to-worker-careful-mate-that-foreigner-wants-your-cookie/ Balance of improve strongest link (weekly victories) and improve weakest link (annual top-people infusion)
• #43: URL: http://fasterthan20.com/ URL: https://xkcd.com/1232/
• #44: To: Marco Podien <[email protected]>, Jim Spohrer <[email protected]> Questions by November 24th to EIT Staff Asja Kamenica <[email protected]> Andrea Lorenzin <[email protected]> Q: How many of you have tries generative AI? a. Q: In what year was the first AI workshop? a. 1917, b. 1956, c. 1968, d. 1997 A: b. 1956 Q: In what year did ChatGPT attain 100B users after just two months? a. 2021, b. 2022, c. 2023, d. 2024 A: c. 2023 Q: In what year (approximate decade) is it predicted that an exascale (~one human brain) of computation will cost $1000? a. 2030, b. 2040, c. 2050, d. 2060 A: d. 2060 Q: In what year (approximate decade) is it predicted that a ronnascale (~billion human brains) of computation will cost $1B? a. 2080, b. 2100, c. 2200, d. Never A: a. 2080
• #45: . Past: Which of the following are important facts to remember in the history of semiconductors that enable today's AI systems? a. 1947 Transistor (Bell Labs) b. 1958 Integrated Circuit (Texas Instruments) c. 1971 Microprocessor (Intel) d. All of the above 2. Present: Which of the following are important facts about H100 chip units in today's AI in data centers? a. weight: 70 pounds b. complexity: 35,000 parts c. cost: 250,000 dollars d. All of the above 3. Future: Which of the following are important capabilities to understand to be prepared for life in the future? a. AI Digital Twins of People, to keep up with accelerating change b. Humanoid Robots, to accelerate the local sustainable economy trend c. Self-Control, to maintain healthy decision making d. All of the above
• #46: BiblioR2018 Rouse WB, Spohrer JC (2018) Automating versus augmenting intelligence. Journal of Enterprise Transformation, 8:1-2, 1-21, DOI: 10.1080/19488289.2018.1424059. URL: https://service-science.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Rouse-Spohrer-Automating-Versus-Augmenting-Intelligence-12-21-17-copy.pdf Quotes: "Abstract: This article addresses the prospects for automating intelligence versus augmenting human intelligence. The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is summarized, including contemporary AI and the new capabilities now possible. Functional requirements to augment human intelligence are outlined. An overall architecture is presented for providing this functionality, including how it will make deep learning explainable to decision makers. Three case studies are addressed, including driverless cars, medical diagnosis, and insurance underwriting. Paths to transformation in these domains are discussed. Prospects for innovation are considered in terms of what we can now do, what we surely will be able to do soon, and what we are unlikely to ever be able to do."; BiblioS2017 Imagination Challenge: Quantify and graph cost of digital workers and GDP per employee USA from 1960-2080. Service-Science.Info Blog Post. URL: https://service-science.info/archives/4741 Quotes: "Imagination challenge: Consider quantifying and graphing the decreasing cost of digital workers due to Moore’s Law, and increasing GDP/Employees USA from 1960 to 2080 (projected). A narrow digital worker will cost about a million dollars by 2025, and require a petascale computational system. The same digital worker will cost about a thousand dollars by 2045, and about $1 by 2065."; If you are an entrepreneur or CEO you are excited about the drop in cost of digital workers, because that means GDP per employee will continue its exponential increase. Source: http://service-science.info/archives/4741
• #48: URL Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Knowledge-Rebuild-Civilization-Aftermath-Cataclysm-ebook/dp/B00DMCV5YS/ URL TED Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdTzsbqQyhY Citation: Dartnell L (2012) The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Civilization in the Aftermath of a Cataclysm. Westminster London: Penguin Books. Jim Spohrer Blogs: Grand Challenge: http://service-science.info/archives/2189 Re-readings: http://service-science.info/archives/4416
• #49: BiblioW1999 Wright R (1999) NonZero: The Logic of Human Destiny. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny Quotes: "Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny is a 1999 book by Robert Wright, in which the author argues that biological evolution and cultural evolution are shaped and directed first and foremost by "non-zero-sumness" i.e., the prospect of creating new interactions that are not zero-sum."; BiblioF2023 Fleming M (2023) Breakthrough: A Growth Revolution. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Breakthrough-Growth-Revolution-Martin-Fleming/dp/1637423098 Quotes: "This book examines the economic logic of the significant variation in growth over long periods. What’s necessary for the U.S. and other developed nations to realize stronger growth and more equal incomes? What’s necessary for families to feel vacations, college educations, and retirements are possible? Will artificial intelligence (AI) automate or augment workers’ jobs? Will the 2020-2021 global pandemic be sufficiently disruptive to deliver fundamental transformation? Economic success in the decades ahead will depend on the willingness of households, businesses, and governments to innovate and change ways of living and working. To explore these questions, the 4th Industrial Revolution is a unique frame to assess global economic transformation, providing a point-in-time reference for placing current events in the context of sustained, multi-decade periods of faster and slower growth. Political, social, and economic metamorphoses have accompanied each revolution. This book examines the economic logic of the significant variation in growth over long periods. Climate change and the global warming consequences of fossil-fuel technologies will need to bring about a new energy technology and, if successful, result in renewable energy sources, reducing energy expense. The success of the 4th Industrial Revolution is not assured. While the future is uncertain, history suggests success requires that barriers are addressed, workers and businesses engage in the necessary change, and a positive policy response provides the needed leadership. The book proposes a Growth and Fairness Agenda and a New Social Contract through which stronger economic growth and more equally distributed incomes can be possible. Recognize traditional policy actions may be insufficient to achieve stronger long-term growth. Promote improved confidence and a positive outlook among small and medium enterprises. Encourage advances in AI technology while addressing risks and fairness issues. Support deeper worker engagement between business leaders and workers. Seek a new social contract among workers, businesses, and governments."; BiblioG2019 (2019) Gada K (2019) URL: https://www.amazon.com/ATOM-Second-Time-Upgrade-Economy/dp/1953349501/ Quotes: "In this book, we will explore how the accelerating pace and diffusion of technological change has taken control of an ever-growing fraction of the world economy. This fraction is being assimilated into a different set of economic fundamentals, such as the rapid and exponential price deflation inherent to technology. The effect of this was insignificant until recently, but is now beginning to create conspicuous distortions in many economic metrics, and is just years from being the dominant force across the entire economy. In response to technological deflation, the central banks of the world will have to create new money in perpetuity, increasing the stream at an exponentially rising rate much higher than is currently assumed. This now-permanent need for monetary expansion, if embraced, can fund government spending more directly. This in turn creates a very robust, dynamic, and efficient safety net for citizens, while simultaneously reducing and even eliminating most forms of taxation by 2025-30. Failure to recognize that technological deflation mandates permanent and ever-rising central bank monetary expansion that can and should gradually become the primary source of government spending could result in countries falling behind more enlightened countries in a very short time. The nature of current worldwide technology is to link various disruptions with each other, consume monetary liquidity to generate deflation, and lower the effective prices of most goods and services over time. Therefore, the entirety of worldwide technology has to be seen as a holistic economic entity, and can be defined as the 'Accelerating TechnOnomic Medium', or 'ATOM' "; BiblioB2020 Bregman R (2020) Humankind: A Hopeful History. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418528/ Quotes: "If there is one belief that has united the left and the right, psychologists and philosophers, ancient thinkers and modern ones, it is the tacit assumption that humans are bad. It's a notion that drives newspaper headlines and guides the laws that shape our lives. From Machiavelli to Hobbes, Freud to Pinker, the roots of this belief have sunk deep into Western thought. Human beings, we're taught, are by nature selfish and governed primarily by self-interest. But what if it isn't true? International bestseller Rutger Bregman provides new perspective on the past 200,000 years of human history, setting out to prove that we are hardwired for kindness, geared toward cooperation rather than competition, and more inclined to trust rather than distrust one another. In fact this instinct has a firm evolutionary basis going back to the beginning of Homo sapiens. From the real-life Lord of the Flies to the solidarity in the aftermath of the Blitz, the hidden flaws in the Stanford prison experiment to the true story of twin brothers on opposite sides who helped Mandela end apartheid, Bregman shows us that believing in human generosity and collaboration isn't merely optimistic—it's realistic. Moreover, it has huge implications for how society functions. When we think the worst of people, it brings out the worst in our politics and economics. But if we believe in the reality of humanity's kindness and altruism, it will form the foundation for achieving true change in society, a case that Bregman makes convincingly with his signature wit, refreshing frankness, and memorable storytelling."; BiblioR2011 Ridley M (2011) The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Optimist-Prosperity-Evolves-P-s/dp/0061452068/ Quotes: "n a bold and provocative interpretation of economic history, Matt Ridley, the New York Times-bestselling author of Genome and The Red Queen, makes the case for an economics of hope, arguing that the benefits of commerce, technology, innovation, and change—what Ridley calls cultural evolution—will inevitably increase human prosperity. Fans of the works of Jared Diamond (Guns, Germs, and Steel), Niall Ferguson (The Ascent of Money), and Thomas Friedman (The World Is Flat) will find much to ponder and enjoy in The Rational Optimist. For two hundred years the pessimists have dominated public discourse, insisting that things will soon be getting much worse. But in fact, life is getting better—and at an accelerating rate. Food availability, income, and life span are up; disease, child mortality, and violence are down all across the globe. Africa is following Asia out of poverty; the Internet, the mobile phone, and container shipping are enriching people's lives as never before. An astute, refreshing, and revelatory work that covers the entire sweep of human history—from the Stone Age to the Internet—The Rational Optimist will change your way of thinking about the world for the better.":
• #50: By 2036, there will be an accumulation of knowledge as well as a distribution of knowledge in service systems globally. We need to ensure as there is knowledge accumulation that service systems at all scale become more resilient. Leading to the capability of rapid rebuilding of service systems across scales, by T-shaped people who understand how to rapidly rebuild – knowledge has been chunked, modularized, and put into networks that support rapid rebuilding.
• #52: 1950 Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) 701 first commercial computer that did super-human levels of numeric calculations routinely. He worked at MIT on arithmetic unit of WhirlWind I programmable computer. Dota 2 is most recent August 11, 2017 as a super-human game player in Valve Dota 2 competition – Elon Musk’s OpenAI result. Miles Bundage tracks gaming progress: http://www.milesbrundage.com/blog-posts/my-ai-forecasts-past-present-and-future-main-post DOTA2: https://blog.openai.com/more-on-dota-2/
• #53: URL: https://www.facebook.com/100014906718212/posts/pfbid021akjWrcpH6YxY9k7dcK9uZanpVmP8kBeVQahPaKPfBSq1k5Fx352CC1aCAjPfs97l/?mibextid=cr9u03
• #54: ROW – Rest of World Who is winning: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608112/who-is-winning-the-ai-race/ Leaderboards and reproducibility: Hugo Larochelle (Google Brain) (@hugo_larochelle)  8/21/17, 7:36 AM My slides for my talk at ICML 2017 Reproducibility Workshop, on incentives for open source and on open research:  https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8lLzpxgRHNQZ0paZWQ0cTcxMlNYYnc0TnpHekMxMjVBckVR/view Slide 20: Conclusions: "Open source is the key to better reproducibility"
• #55: GPT-4 needs more planning capabilities (Section 8) Microsoft Research BiblioB2023 Bubeck et al (20230 Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4. Lee, Yin Tat Lee, Yuanzhi Li, Scott Lundberg, Harsha Nori, Hamid Palangi, Marco Tulio Ribeiro, Yi Zhang Via_Ernie_Davis. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.12712 Quotes: "Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have been developing and refining large language models (LLMs) that exhibit remarkable capabilities across a variety of domains and tasks, challenging our understanding of learning and cognition. The latest model developed by OpenAI, GPT-4, was trained using an unprecedented scale of compute and data. In this paper, we report on our investigation of an early version of GPT-4, when it was still in active development by OpenAI. We contend that (this early version of) GPT-4 is part of a new cohort of LLMs (along with ChatGPT and Google's PaLM for example) that exhibit more general intelligence than previous AI models. We discuss the rising capabilities and implications of these models. We demonstrate that, beyond its mastery of language, GPT-4 can solve novel and difficult tasks that span mathematics, coding, vision, medicine, law, psychology and more, without needing any special prompting. Moreover, in all of these tasks, GPT-4's performance is strikingly close to human-level performance, and often vastly surpasses prior models such as ChatGPT. Given the breadth and depth of GPT-4's capabilities, we believe that it could reasonably be viewed as an early (yet still incomplete) version of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) system. In our exploration of GPT-4, we put special emphasis on discovering its limitations, and we discuss the challenges ahead for advancing towards deeper and more comprehensive versions of AGI, including the possible need for pursuing a new paradigm that moves beyond next-word prediction. We conclude with reflections on societal influences of the recent technological leap and future research directions.";
• #57: URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/automation-makes-us-dumb-1416589342 URL: https://maliciousaireport.com/
• #58: The nature of reality changes when there is more than one intelligent species, and we are not the smartest. The nature of reality also changes when the cost of exploring alternate experience pathways are made less risky – the notions of time and identity changes as a result. Mitigate risks and harvest benefits of existence, by learning to evermore efficiently and rapidly rebuild from scratch to higher states of value and capability of entities. The evolving ecology of service system entities their value co-creation and capability co-elevation mechanisms, as well as their capabilities, constraints, rights, and responsibilities at each stage in time. Human progress as well as the development of individuals, and the arc of institutions can be viewed in this way. Entities exist as individuals and populations. Generations of entities, generations of species (populations), generations of individuals (cohorts).
• #61: Where is the variety? Hardware and even software standardizing into modules and algorithms…. Data will standardize next into categories and types…. Experience is where the uniqueness is, and variety and variability, and identity. Pine and Gilmore – Experience Economy Book – Chapter 10 – Transformation Economy - https://www.amazon.com/Experience-Economy-Theater-Every-Business/dp/0875848192#reader_0875848192 Pine II, B. J. & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The experience economy: work is theatre & every business a stage. Harvard Business Press. pp: 186-189. (Chapter 10 is about the transformation economy) Osati, Sohrab (Dec 18, 2014) Sony Lifelog App Gains GPS Support for Android Wear. SonyRumors.net http://www.sonyrumors.net/2014/12/18/sony-lifelog-app-gains-gps-support-for-android-wear/ Roy, D., Patel, R., DeCamp, P., Kubat, R., Fleischman, M., Roy, B., ... & Levit, M. (2006). The human speechome project. In Symbol Grounding and Beyond (pp. 192-196). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• #62: Engelbart D. Augmenting human intellect. Summary report AFOSR-3223 under Contract AF. 1962 Oct;49(638):1024. Spohrer JC, Engelbart DC. Converging technologies for enhancing human performance: Science and business perspectives. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2004 May;1013(1):50-82. Licklider (1960) https://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/people/psz/Licklider.html - focus scientists, engineers, etc. Me to Everyone (8:30 AM) Bush (1945) https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/ - as we may think Me to Everyone (8:30 AM) Engelbart (1962) started building it :-) https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/library/extra4/sloan/mousesite/EngelbartPapers/B5_F18_ConceptFrameworkInd.html Bush and Licklider envisioned it Me to Everyone (8:31 AM) Bush and Licklider funded programs that benefitted Engelbart building it As people gain more powers (super-powers) - augmented capabilities - intelligence, physical strength, social interaction capabilities, perception, etc. - we need to become more responsible and wiser - these are the human-value aspects we discussed at HICSS panel that Ivy lead in Jan 2020. @Ivy - agreed. AI will be the greatest tool so far, to help us people understand ourselves better. We are already getting insights into human bias thanks to AI Trusted AI is so important that IBM continues to develop it and in open source - shared with the world, and benefitting from many collaborators - see Trusted AI at Linux Foundation AI & Data (I am TAC chair there) https://lfaidata.foundation/projects/trusted-ai/ please feel free to join our Slack discussion on open source AI at https://slack.lfaidata.foundation For Trusted AI and Responsible People - we have been developing at LF AI & Data - (RREPEATS - Reproducibility, Robustness, Explainability, Privacy, Equitability, Accountability, Transparency, Security)
• #63: Kline SJ. Conceptual foundations for multidisciplinary thinking. Stanford University Press; 1995. Malone TW. Superminds: The surprising power of people and computers thinking together. Little, Brown Spark; 2018 May 15. Norman D. Things that make us smart: Defending human attributes in the age of the machine. Diversion Books; 2014 Dec 2. Spohrer JC. Information in places. IBM Systems Journal. 1999;38(4):602-28. Alan Kay & Steven Jobs - Bicycles for the mind (two types of IA) Don Norman – Thinks that make us smart Stephen J. Kline – Conceptual Foundations of Multi-Disciplinary Thinking Jim Spohrer – World Board (Augmented Reality – Perception Augmentation) Tom Malone – Super Intelligence
• #66: Today’s talk will explore two questions What should we know how to make? What might programming education become? If we look at history we see a time when people could make only simple things, and often a single person could make them. Would it ever be possible for a single person to know and make complex things? And what role might programming education play? Will the cognitive era – the coming era of smart machines – make people more capable or less capable to know and make complex things?
• #67: In the 1940’s IBM started teaching computer science at Columbia. My first program – punch cards 1972.
• #68: The weakest link is what needs to be improved – according to system scientists. Accessing help, service, experts is the weakest link in most systems. By 2035 the phone may have the power of one human brain – by 2055 the phone may have the power of all human brains. Before trying to answer the question about which types of sciences are more important – the ones that try to explain the external world or the ones that try to explain the internal world – consider this, slide that shows the different telephones that I have used in my life. I grew up in rural Maine, where we had a party line telephone because we were somewhat remote on our farm in Newburgh, Maine. However, over the years phones got much better…. So in 2035 or 2055, who are you going to call when you need help?
• #69: URL: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601641/a-big-leap-for-an-artificial-leaf/
• #70: By 2036, there will be an accumulation of knowledge as well as a distribution of knowledge in service systems globally. We need to ensure as there is knowledge accumulation that service systems at all scale become more resilient. Leading to the capability of rapid rebuilding of service systems across scales, by T-shaped people who understand how to rapidly rebuild – knowledge has been chunked, modularized, and put into networks that support rapid rebuilding.
• #71: URL: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/world-hunger-food-electricity-carbon-dioxide-ingredients-solve-climate-change-scientists-finland-a7869316.html
• #72: URL: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601420/the-elderly-may-toss-their-walkers-for-this-robotic-suit/
• #73: For those wondering what the common denominator is between service science and artificial intelligence – it is trust.
• #74: I am Jim Spohrer, and 40 years ago, Prof. Lee and I were much younger, and working together at a company called Verbex. Verbex was near Boston’s Route 128 – famous now for Boston Dynamics the robot company, but back in the 1970’s a competitor to California’s Silicon Valley for notable computer startups like DEC (Digital Equipment Corporations), Wang, and many others. Verbex Image: https://www.ebay.com/itm/175194074077 Bayes Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes%27_theorem Paper Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1172084 Brown, Peter, Chin-Hui Lee, and J. Spohrer. "Bayesian adaptation in speech recognition." ICASSP'83. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Vol. 8. IEEE, 1983. Peter F. Brown’s Reflections History Goldman Sachs: https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/podcasts/episodes/09-11-2023-peter-brown-f/transcript.pdf
• #75: URL: Spohrer & Soloway (1989) GTD - https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/89-1/Papers/087.pdf Rose_Dawson URL: LLM Reasoner - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.05221 [Submitted on 8 Apr 2024 (v1), last revised 11 Aug 2024 (this version, v2)] LLM Reasoners: New Evaluation, Library, and Analysis of Step-by-Step Reasoning with Large Language Models Shibo Hao, Yi Gu, Haotian Luo, Tianyang Liu, Xiyan Shao, Xinyuan Wang, Shuhua Xie, Haodi Ma, Adithya Samavedhi, Qiyue Gao, Zhen Wang, Zhiting Hu Generating accurate step-by-step reasoning is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to address complex problems and enhance robustness and interpretability. Despite the flux of research on developing advanced reasoning approaches, systematically analyzing the diverse LLMs and reasoning strategies in generating reasoning chains remains a significant challenge. The difficulties stem from the lack of two key elements: (1) an automatic method for evaluating the generated reasoning chains on different tasks, and (2) a unified formalism and implementation of the diverse reasoning approaches for systematic comparison. This paper aims to close the gap: (1) We introduce AutoRace for fully automated reasoning chain evaluation. Existing metrics rely on expensive human annotations or pre-defined LLM prompts not adaptable to different tasks. In contrast, AutoRace automatically creates detailed evaluation criteria tailored for each task, and uses GPT-4 for accurate evaluation following the criteria. (2) We develop LLM Reasoners, a library for standardized modular implementation of existing and new reasoning algorithms, under a unified formulation of the search, reward, and world model components. With the new evaluation and library, (3) we conduct extensive study of different reasoning approaches (e.g., CoT, ToT, RAP). The analysis reveals interesting findings about different factors contributing to reasoning, including the reward-guidance, breadth-vs-depth in search, world model, and prompt formats, etc.
• #76: URL: https://www.amazon.com/Unaccountability-Machine-Systems-Terrible-Decisions-ebook/dp/B0CGFWBFD6
• #77: Service in the AI Era (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039 Design for a Better World (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
• #78: What does it mean to solve automation? Transformation? ‘Maglio PP, Vargo SL, Caswell N, Spohrer J. The service system is the basic abstraction of service science. Information Systems and e-business Management. 2009 Sep;7:395-406. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stephen-Vargo-2/publication/221177855_The_Service_System_Is_the_Basic_Abstraction_of_Service_Science/links/00b49520da24da289f000000/The-Service-System-Is-the-Basic-Abstraction-of-Service-Science.pdf
• #79: +3 from original estimates, getting video understanding (verbs and nouns and context) and episodic dynamic memory for learning events and expectation violations and importance is taking longer than expected… Expert predictions on HMLI: URL https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.08807.pdf 2015 Pattern Recognition Speech: URL: http://spandh.dcs.shef.ac.uk/chime_challenge/chime2016/results.html 2015 Pattern Recognition Images: URL: http://www.image-net.org/ 2015 Patten Recognition Translation: URL: http://www.statmt.org/wmt17/ 2018 Video Understanding Actions: URL: http://www.thumos.info/home.html > Also UCF101 http://crcv.ucf.edu/data/UCF101.php 2018 Video Understanding Context: URL: http://visualqa.org/challenge.html 2018 Video Understanding DeepVideo: URL: http://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/deepvideo/ 2021 Memory Declarative: URL: https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/ Also Allen AI Kaggle Science Challenge https://www.kaggle.com/c/the-allen-ai-science-challenge 2024 Reasoning Deduction: URL: http://www.satcompetition.org/ 2027: Social Interaction Scripts: URL: https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/15333 2030: Fluent Conversation Speech Acts: URL: http://convai.io/ 2030: Fluent Conversation Intentions: URL: http://workshop.colips.org/dstc6/ 2030: Fluent Conversation Alexa Prize: URL: https://developer.amazon.com/alexaprize 2033: Assistant & Collaborator Summarization: URL: http://rali.iro.umontreal.ca/rali/?q=en/Automatic%20summarization 2033: Assistant & Collaborator Debate: URL: http://argumentationcompetition.org/2015/ 2036: Coach & Mediator General AI: URL: https://www.general-ai-challenge.org/ 2036: Coach & Mediator Negotiation: URL: https://easychair.org/cfp/AT2017
• #80: +3 from original estimates, getting video understanding (verbs and nouns and context) and episodic dynamic memory for learning events and expectation violations and importance is taking longer than expected… Expert predictions on HMLI: URL https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.08807.pdf 2015 Pattern Recognition Speech: URL: http://spandh.dcs.shef.ac.uk/chime_challenge/chime2016/results.html 2015 Pattern Recognition Images: URL: http://www.image-net.org/ 2015 Patten Recognition Translation: URL: http://www.statmt.org/wmt17/ 2018 Video Understanding Actions: URL: http://www.thumos.info/home.html > Also UCF101 http://crcv.ucf.edu/data/UCF101.php 2018 Video Understanding Context: URL: http://visualqa.org/challenge.html 2018 Video Understanding DeepVideo: URL: http://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/deepvideo/ 2021 Memory Declarative: URL: https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/ Also Allen AI Kaggle Science Challenge https://www.kaggle.com/c/the-allen-ai-science-challenge 2024 Reasoning Deduction: URL: http://www.satcompetition.org/ 2027: Social Interaction Scripts: URL: https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/15333 2030: Fluent Conversation Speech Acts: URL: http://convai.io/ 2030: Fluent Conversation Intentions: URL: http://workshop.colips.org/dstc6/ 2030: Fluent Conversation Alexa Prize: URL: https://developer.amazon.com/alexaprize 2033: Assistant & Collaborator Summarization: URL: http://rali.iro.umontreal.ca/rali/?q=en/Automatic%20summarization 2033: Assistant & Collaborator Debate: URL: http://argumentationcompetition.org/2015/ 2036: Coach & Mediator General AI: URL: https://www.general-ai-challenge.org/ 2036: Coach & Mediator Negotiation: URL: https://easychair.org/cfp/AT2017
• #81: BiblioO2023 OpenAI (2023) GPT-4
• #82: "GPT-4 and professional benchmarks: the wrong answer to the wrong question" BiblioN2023 Narayanan A, Kapoor S (2023) GPT-4 and professional benchmarks: the wrong answer to the wrong question: OpenAI may have tested on the training data. Besides, human benchmarks are meaningless for bots. Via_Enrnie_Davis. URL: https://aisnakeoil.substack.com/p/gpt-4-and-professional-benchmarks Quotes: " OpenAI didn’t release much information about GPT-4 — not even the size of the model — but heavily emphasized its performance on professional licensing exams and other standardized tests. For instance, GPT-4 reportedly scored in the 90th percentile on the bar exam. So there’s been much speculation about what this means for professionals such as lawyers. We don’t know the answer, but we hope to inject some reality into the conversation. OpenAI may have violated the cardinal rule of machine learning: don’t test on your training data. Setting that aside, there’s a bigger problem. The manner in which language models solve problems is different from how people do it, so these results tell us very little about how a bot will do when confronted with the real-life problems that professionals face. It’s not like a lawyer’s job is to answer bar exam questions all day.";
• #83: BiblioD2022 Dawson R (2022) Will a “Google PhD” become as good as a university-granted PhD? URL: https://rossdawson.com/will-a-google-phd-become-as-good-as-a-university-granted-phd/ Quotes: "Jordi Muñoz became President of prominent early drone company 3D Robotics at age 22, having made himself a world-leading expert in drone design and manufacturing, teaching himself through the universe of resources available through the web and his own experiments. He says: “I come from a generation where we have Google PhDs, we can virtually figure out everything by just Googling around and doing some reading online” Sci-Fi author William Gibson became a deep expert in antique watches by dint of five years research for “the sheer pointless pleasure of learning this vast, useless body of knowledge.” He notes that: “Now you can be a kid in a town in the backwoods of Brazil, and you can wake up one morning and say, “I want to know everything about stainless steel sports watches from the 1950s,” and if you really applied yourself, to the internet, at the end of the year you would have the equivalent of a master’s degree in this tiny pointless field. I’ve totally met lots of people who have the equivalent of that degree.” If you take this path you don’t get a piece of paper or certificate to put on your resume. But you may well have the same degree of knowledge, potentially even more up-to-date, than many with a formal advanced degree in your field of study, and likely faster."
• #84: BiblioB2018 Baumeister RF, Tierney J(2011) Willpower: Rediscovering the greatest human strength. Penguin Press. Via_Toyama_(2015)_Geek_Heresy_Pg252_Endnotes URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-16843-000 Quotes: " Abstract When psychologists isolate the personal qualities that predict "positive outcomes" in life, they consistently find two traits: intelligence and self-control. So far researchers still haven't learned how to permanently increase intelligence. But they have discovered, or at least rediscovered, how to improve self-control. Hence this book. We think that research into willpower and self control is psychology's best hope for contributing to human welfare. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) ";
• #87: …. Service science has come a long way in two decades…
• #88: Automation as application of knowledge to get work done. Computer science increases capabilities, and economics measure the increase in productivity.
• #89: BiblioI2008 IfM and IBM (2008) Succeeding through service innovation: A service perspective for education, research, business and government. Cambridge, United Kingdom: University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing. ISBN: 978-1-902546-65-0. [online at ism.eng.cam.ac.uk] URL https://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/uploads/Resources/080428cambridge_ssme_whitepaper.pdf Quotes: "Service systems1 are dynamic configurations of people, technologies, organisations and shared information that create and deliver value to customers, providers and other stakeholders. They form a growing proportion of the world economy and are becoming central to the way businesses, governments, families and individuals work. Innovation, a term applied almost exclusively to technologies in the past, is increasingly used in relation to service systems. Ideas of service are, of course, not new. However, the scale, complexity and interdependence of today’s service systems have been driven to an unprecedented level, due to globalisation, demographic changes and technology developments. The rising significance of service and the accelerated rate of change mean that service innovation is now a major challenge to practitioners in business and government as well as to academics in education and research. A better understanding of service systems is required. Many individual strands of knowledge and expertise relating to service systems already exist, but they often lie in unconnected silos. This no longer reflects the reality of interconnected economic activities which, for example, sees manufacturers of engineering products adopting service-oriented business models and health care providers learning lessons from modern manufacturing operations. Indeed, there are wide gaps in our knowledge and skills across silos. In response, Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME), or in short Service Science, is emerging as a distinct field. Its vision is to discover the underlying logic of complex service systems and to establish a common language and shared frameworks for service innovation. To this end, an interdisciplinary approach should be adopted for research and education on service systems. Developing Service Science is no easy task; it not only requires intensive collaboration across academic disciplines but also a doubling of R&D investment in service education and research by governments and businesses. All stakeholders must start to engage each other and make plans for service innovation. For those responsible for creating a service innovation roadmap, this white paper provides a starting point to raise awareness."; “Service system: Service systems are dynamic configurations of resources (people, technology, organisations and shared information) that can create and deliver service while balancing risk-taking and value- cocreation. The dynamics are in part due to the ongoing adjustments and negotiations that occur in all systems involving people. People are the ultimate arbiters of value and risk in service systems (in part because people are legal entities with rights and responsibilities). Service systems are complex adaptive systems. They are also a type of ‘system of systems’, containing internal smaller service systems as well as being contained in a larger service system (see Stakeholder). They typically interact with other service systems via value propositions, which may form stable relationships in extended value chains or service networks (see Service networks). Formal service systems are legal entities that can create legally binding contracts with other service systems. Informal service systems cannot create contracts, though individual people within them may be able to do so.” “Service innovation: A combination of technology innovation, business model innovation, social- organisational innovation and demand innovation with the objective to improve existing service systems (incremental innovation), create new value propositions (offerings) or create new service systems (radical innovation). Often radical service innovation will create a large population of new customers (public education – students; patent system – inventors; money markets – small investors). Service innovation can also result from novel combinations of existing service elements. Examples of service innovation include: On-line tax returns, e-commerce, helpdesk outsourcing, music download, loyalty programs, home medical test kits, mobile phones, money market funds, ATMs and ticket kiosks, bar code, credit cards, binding arbitration, franchise chains, instalment payment plans, leasing, patent system, public education and compound interest saving accounts.” “SSME: Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME), or in short Service Science, is an emerging field. It includes curricula, training, and research programs that are designed to teach individuals to apply scientific, engineering, management and design disciplines that integrate elements of computer science, operations research, industrial engineering, business strategy, management sciences, social and legal sciences, and others in order to encourage innovation in how organisations create value for customers and stakeholders that could not be achieved through such disciplines working in isolation.” “Systems and systems world view: Systems are dynamic configurations of entities (elements or components) that interact over time and result in outcomes (internal changes to entities and external changes to regions of the system and the system as a whole). The study of physical, chemical, biological, computational, cognitive, economic, legal, social, political, service or any other type of systems, typically begins with a statement of the entities, interactions and outcomes of interest. Reductionist science attempts to discover more fundamental building blocks out of which the entities of the system are composed (new architectures), often with the goal of finding simpler or more parsimonious explanations of observed variety. In complex adaptive systems, entities have life spans and the types of entities change over time in ways that are difficult to predict. Service Science studies the evolution of entities known as service systems, which interact via value propositions and result (normatively) in value-cocreation outcomes. Understanding the evolution may shed light on the shifts from social to economic, political to legal, and cognitive to computational systems. The shift seems to depend heavily on an increasing amount of shared information to solve motivation and coordination problems.“ “T-shaped professionals: Those who are deep problem solvers with expert thinking skills in their home discipline but also have complex communication skills to interact with specialists from a wide range of disciplines and functional areas (see also Adaptive Innovators).” “Transdisciplinary: Transcending, or extending beyond the knowledge of any existing disciplines. For example, symbolic reasoning and general systems theory are considered to be applicable to all disciplines and hence labelled as transdisciplinary knowledge.” BiblioS2021 Spohrer J (2021) Service innovation roadmaps and responsible entities learning. In ITM Web of Conferences 2021 (Vol. 38, p. 01001). EDP Sciences. URL: https://www.itm-conferences.org/articles/itmconf/pdf/2021/03/itmconf_iess2021_01001.pdf Quotes: "Abstract. Service-Dominant Logic (S-D Logic) and service science provide a way for innovators and learners to look at the world differently and thereby improve quality-of-life for people over time. The continued development of service science as an emerging transdiscipline will depend on developing better measurements and tools for understanding the past and future identities, reputations, values, goals, and strategies of entities interacting to achieve outcomes. For example, Service Innovation Roadmaps (SIRs) can be thought of as an at- tempt to make explicit the "learning investment strategy" of responsible entities (people, businesses, regional governments) to change and become "better future version of themselves" in terms of value co-creating service interactions. In short, SIRs can help with the challenge of upskilling people in an age of accelerating technology and policy changes. All service systems, as responsible entities learning, invest in three types of activities, herein termed Run- Transform-Innovate activities. This short paper provides context for a research direction to develop further the notions of SIRs and embrace complexity economics as a tool for advancing service science."
• #91: So What? Win-win interaction and change is hard. Taxi incidents and uber threat. Winner and losers is the norm in too much interaction and change. "Recently, Alan Hartman a service science researcher from University of Haifa and retired IBMer shared with me Giorgione’s painting –the Three Ages of Man. Looking at the artwork - now that I am 65 years old and on the verge of retiring from IBM on June 30th - it made me reflect, that my own career has spanned the study of three types of systems –natural systems, cognitive systems, and service systems.  By far the most complex and fascinating to me are service systems –because they deal with people and organizations (what I like to call responsible entities) applying knowledge to create mutual benefits, or what mathematicians, computer scientists, and economists call better and better win-win games. Service science is the transdisciplinary study of the evolving ecology of service systems, types of responsible entities socially learning from each other better and better non-zero-sum modes of interaction. For example, competing companies working together in open source communities to create the software that runs the world. I see this everyday in Linux Foundation AI & Data Foundation for improving open source software, and I see it everyday in ISSIP - the International Society of Service Innovation Professionals for upskilling people.   Responsible entities, people, businesses, universities, governments, and even families can and do socially learn better and better win-win games that benefit all stakeholders.  We live in a world where service is fundamental. I will say that again, we all live in an amazing world where service is fundamental - fundamental to quality of life, fundamental to business, fundamental to customer experience, and fundamental to citizen experience.  And now Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to take service to entirely new levels of quality, productivity, compliance, innovation, equity, resilience, and sustainability.   It is an exciting time to be a service scientist.   It is an exciting time to be a practitioner on a service journey - and I have many people to thank for my own service journey that has brought me here today. (next slides)." The Three Ages of Man (Giorgione) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Ages_of_Man_(Giorgione) Thanks to Alan Hartman (retired IBM, U Haifa) for his inspiration on Three Ages of Man - https://www.slideshare.net/alanhartman/what-really-counts and recording - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz88flBbI1k In 2002, Paul Maglio asked me to return to IBM Research (from IBM Venture Capital Relations) and lead a Human Sciences team. My advice was to call it Service Research and align with IBM Global Services business.   From 2002 onward, Nick Donofrio, Doug Elix, Irving-Wladawsky Berger, Paul Horn, Robert Morris, Greg Goldman, and numerous other IBM Executives provided support for working with universities and governments around the world to help establish Service Science Management and Engineering. Service innovation integrates technology and business skills – a fantastic technology will go nowhere, without a value proposition, and people with skills to utilize it. In 2006, during a visit to IBM Almaden for a service science update to IBM CEO Sam Palmisano and IBM Board of Directors – the Smarter Planet initiative was conceived by many of the same executives in attendance. Sam Palisano (SP) liked Smarter Planet (SP) – it aligned with service science well.   In 2004, Henry Chesbrough asked if I knew how IBM helped start Computer Science – and by 2006, we had the special issue of Service Science in the Communications of the ACM!   In 2004, Roland Rust introduced me to the “big tent” approach to service research. The big tent rang true at IBM. Service marketing more than any other single discipline seems to strive for “big tent” – and this is truly remarkable!   Rust R (2004) A Call for a Wider Range of Service Research. Journal of Service Research.   In 2004, Bob Lusch visited IBM Almaden as part of a delegation from the Sloan Foundation looking at the future of skills and professional science master’s degree. During the meeting, when service science came up – Bob slid a copy of “Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing” to me, and I started to read it, while the discussion continued. My eyes got big, I kept reading. My eyes got bigger. I kept reading. Paul and I had been working on a paper, but this was 100x better. In 2005, I finally had a chance to discuss Service Dominant Logic with Steve Vargo. With Bob and then Steve, two of the biggest inspiring moments for me on the service research journey.   In 2005, Christopher Lovelock, Evert Gummesson and I discussed “Whither Service Marketing” – new insights emerged for me. At the same time Ray Fisk, emphasized service design and arts, and Evert was pointing me at work on public policy. Papers began to appear on SSME+DAPP (Design Art Public Policy). Both Ray and Evert’s contribution to the first Handbook of Service Science, truly helped solidify the field, history and future perspectives. MaryJo Bitner’s and David Bowen’s support for the handbook project always was instrumental to the big tent approach and connecting the past to the present and possible futures of the field. By 2010, we had the first handbook complete. Irene Ng caused me to re-think service systems and value several times – helping both on theory development as well as data-driven applications and market creation – huge opportunities for the field.   In 2006, Bo Edvardsson inspired me with an early view of sustainable service – that I still think about to this day. Bo has made support for the Nordic service community a great opportunity for me over the years.   Since 2006 the work of Alexandra Medina-Borja in the area of Service Systems Research has been on my radar, and in 2012 when Alex joined NSF on a rotation, her leadership has advanced smart service systems research, and connected academia and industry to make progress.   In 2007, Francesco Polese invited me to support the community in Europe through the Naples Forum on Service – with the great vision of the three pillars and striving for integration in the big tent of service research.   In 2008, Guangjie Ren and began collaborating on the Cambridge SSME report, and by 2010 he was an IBM Almaden Service researcher, part of a team creating great tools for IBM clients and service professionals. The Cognitive Component Business Model is still to me the foundation of a service system simulation tool needed to advance the field. So many other Almaden Service Researcher created innovation to advance the business – it was these projects that kept service science grounded in business reality. Later, Rama Akkiraju joined Almaden, and helped drive new service engineering directions as well as connections between service research and cognitive computing/AI.   In 2009, Jochen Wirtz and I sat on a balcony high-rise in Singapore – saying a toast to Christopher Lovelock – and excitedly conspiring about the future of the field – anticipating growing technological capabilities, and awaiting service robots and the rise of Trusted AI in service.   In 2011, Sam Palmisano (IBM CEO) selected SSME to be listed as an IBM Centennial Icon of Progress.   In 2012, Alessio Giuiusa was a student at University of Rome and visited for several months to learn more about service science and experience IBM Research in California – and today I am proud that he is a General Manager at Amazon leading their huge Rome distribution Center. So many students and visiting faculty as well as industry professionals over the years have benefitted from time at Almaden – all unique inspirations.   In 2015, Javier Reynoso suggested we plan our paper on “Quantum Service.” Still thinking about that one.   In 2020, I am ready for my cognitive assistant. Our human, episodic memories are so fallible. Some of my memories of the journey are captured in my CV, others in my slideshare account or on my service science blog – others in random places on the web if I just search (slide 20, SSME leadership team at IBM). In future wiser service systems, our cognitive mediators will (in some ways) know us better than we know ourselves – and that can be a good thing. Cognitive mediators will exist for service systems at all levels, not just people and things (digital twins), but organizations, universities, cities, nations as well. The global service systems ecology modeling too is still needed.   These memories of moments of inspiration from key people continues to sustain me on the journey!
• #92: So what? A challenge for future IEEE MetroXRAINE conference is to include research on the measurement of trust in many contexts. For those wondering what the common denominator is between service science and artificial intelligence – it is trust.
• #93: But it is not just businesses, doing accelerated value co-creation, it is individual people too, in the X+AI era dawning. BiblioH2022 Hoffman R, Casnocha B (2022 [2012]) The Startup of You (Revised and Updated): Adapt, Take Risks, Grow Your Network, and Transform Your Career. Currency. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Start-up-You-Future-Yourself-Transform/dp/0307888908/ Quotes: "In this invaluable book, LinkedIn co-founder Reid Hoffman and venture capitalist Ben Casnocha show how to accelerate your career in today’s competitive world. The key is to manage your career as if it were a startup business: a living, breathing, growing startup of you. Why? Startups—and the entrepreneurs who run them—are nimble. They invest in themselves. They build their professional networks. They take intelligent risks. They make uncertainty and volatility work to their advantage. These are the very same skills professionals need to get ahead today. This book isn’t about cover letters or résumés. Instead, you will learn the best practices of the most successful startups and how to apply these entrepreneurial strategies to your career. Whether you work for a giant multinational corporation, stitch together multiple gigs in a portfolio career, or are launching your own venture, you need to know how to • adapt your career plans as pandemics rage and technologies upend industries • develop a competitive advantage so that you stand out from others at work • strengthen your professional network by building powerful alliances and maintaining a diverse mix of relationships • engineer serendipity that produces life-changing career opportunities • take proactive risks to become more resilient to industry tsunamis • tap your network for information and intelligence that help you make smarter decisions The career landscape has changed dramatically in the decade since Hoffman and Casnocha first published this guide. In an urgent update to the frameworks that have helped hundreds of thousands of people transform their careers, this new edition of The Startup of You will teach you how to achieve your boldest professional ambitions."; BiblioS2022 Spohrer J, Maglio PP, Vargo SL, Warg M (2022) Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives. Business Expert Press. URL: TBD Quotes: "Are you prepared for the coming AI era? AI advances will profoundly change your daily service interactions, so this book provides readers with a necessary understanding of service, the application of resources (e.g., knowledge) for the benefit of another. In just minutes, you can learn about today’s use of early-stage AI for automation and augmentation, and essential elements of service science, service-dominant (S-D) logic, and Service-Dominant Architecture (SDA). Ultimately, improved service for all is possible with human-level AI and digital twins—but requires investing wisely in better models: Better models of the world both complex natural and social systems (science), better mental models in people to improve interactions (logic), better cultural and structural models of organizations to improve change (architecture), and better trusted and responsible AI models. The service innovation community studies and builds better models to improve interactions and change in business and society. The book challenges all responsible actors—individuals, businesses, universities, and governments—to invest systematically and wisely to upskill with AI (the X+AI vision). The service innovation community is a growing transdiscipline harnessing all disciplines to become better T-shaped professionals. Extensive end notes, bibliography, and index are provide.";
• #94: Spohrer J, Siddike (2018) The Future of Digital Cognitive Systems: Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator. In Ed. Araya D. Augmented Intelligence: Smart Systems and the Future of Work and Learning. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers; 2018 Sep 28. Siddike MA, Spohrer J, Demirkan H, Kohda Y. A Framework of Enhanced Performance: People's Interactions With Cognitive Assistants. International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE). 2018 Jul 1;8(3):1-7. Rouse WB, Spohrer JC. Automating versus augmenting intelligence. Journal of Enterprise Transformation. 2018 Feb 7:1-21. Araya D. Augmented Intelligence: Smart Systems and the Future of Work and Learning. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers; 2018 Sep 28.
• #95: Engelbart D. Augmenting human intellect. Summary report AFOSR-3223 under Contract AF. 1962 Oct;49(638):1024. Spohrer JC, Engelbart DC. Converging technologies for enhancing human performance: Science and business perspectives. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2004 May;1013(1):50-82. Licklider (1960) https://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/people/psz/Licklider.html - focus scientists, engineers, etc. Me to Everyone (8:30 AM) Bush (1945) https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/ - as we may think Me to Everyone (8:30 AM) Engelbart (1962) started building it :-) https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/library/extra4/sloan/mousesite/EngelbartPapers/B5_F18_ConceptFrameworkInd.html Bush and Licklider envisioned it Me to Everyone (8:31 AM) Bush and Licklider funded programs that benefitted Engelbart building it As people gain more powers (super-powers) - augmented capabilities - intelligence, physical strength, social interaction capabilities, perception, etc. - we need to become more responsible and wiser - these are the human-value aspects we discussed at HICSS panel that Ivy lead in Jan 2020. @Ivy - agreed. AI will be the greatest tool so far, to help us people understand ourselves better. We are already getting insights into human bias thanks to AI Trusted AI is so important that IBM continues to develop it and in open source - shared with the world, and benefitting from many collaborators - see Trusted AI at Linux Foundation AI & Data (I am TAC chair there) https://lfaidata.foundation/projects/trusted-ai/ please feel free to join our Slack discussion on open source AI at https://slack.lfaidata.foundation For Trusted AI and Responsible People - we have been developing at LF AI & Data - (RREPEATS - Reproducibility, Robustness, Explainability, Privacy, Equitability, Accountability, Transparency, Security)
• #96: Kline SJ. Conceptual foundations for multidisciplinary thinking. Stanford University Press; 1995. Malone TW. Superminds: The surprising power of people and computers thinking together. Little, Brown Spark; 2018 May 15. Norman D. Things that make us smart: Defending human attributes in the age of the machine. Diversion Books; 2014 Dec 2. Spohrer JC. Information in places. IBM Systems Journal. 1999;38(4):602-28. Alan Kay & Steven Jobs - Bicycles for the mind (two types of IA) Don Norman – Thinks that make us smart Stephen J. Kline – Conceptual Foundations of Multi-Disciplinary Thinking Jim Spohrer – World Board (Augmented Reality – Perception Augmentation) Tom Malone – Super Intelligence
• #99: Spohrer J, Golinelli GM, Piciocchi P, Bassano C (2010) An integrated SS-VSA analysis of changing job roles. Service Science. 2010 Jun;2(1-2):1-20. URL: https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/pdf/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.1 This is a variation of James March’s work. He is the father of organization theory, and worked with Herb Simon in the 1950’s… March, J.G.  (1991)  Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning.  Organizatinal Science. 2(1).71-87. Every entity -- individual, enterprise (business and non-profit), city/region and nation that can change – makes a resource allocation decision…. Run is least costly and least risky if the environment is not changing much (change is gaining experience – practice effects and learning curves, anomaly detections) Transform is costly and risky, but may have benefits once the change is complete (adopting a new best practice) Innovate may be costly and risky, but also may create the greatest value, if the practices can be monetized if others adopt them (e.g., patents, consulting practices, etc.) FYI.... short history of transistors, integrated circuits, and data centers From transistors... 1. The transistor is considered by many to be the greatest technology invention of the 20th Century 2. While the concept of the transistor has been around since the 1920's (Canadian Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld's 1925 Patent - devices that use physical phenomenon of field electronic emissions)... 3. Commercially available individual transistors that could be wired into circuits, invented and commercialized in 1947 & 1948 (Bell Labs Shockley Point Contact/Junction Transistor Theory 1947, Raytheon CK703 first commercially available 1948) To Integrated circuits... 4. However, it was not until the late 1950's and early 1960's that manufacturing process advances and commercial applications began using many of them in integrated circuits (TI, Bell Labs, etc.) - Sept 1958 the first integrated circuit (Jack Kilby TI) To Moore's law.... 5. By 1965 Gordon Moore's (Intel) paper stated the number of transistors on a chip would double about every two years (and exponential increase that has over 40 years of confirmation)... 6. The number of transistors manufactured each year (in 2009) is estimated at 10**18 - 3.9 x 10**6 transistors produced in 1957 (tenth anniversary of first transistor) - abut 10**18 transistors manufactured in 2009 (62th anniversary of first transistor) To data centers and "electricity consumption" .... 7. By 2005, data centers and server farms consume 0.5% of total worldwide electricity production (1% if cooling is included) - 2005 consumption equivalent of seventeen 1000 MW powerplants - electric consumption for data centers doubled from 2000 to 2005 Sources: http://semiconductormuseum.com/HistoricTransistorTimeline_Index.htm http://www.mentor.com/company/industry_keynotes/upload/rhines-globalpress-low-power.pdf http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1748-9326/3/3/034008/erl8_3_034008.pdf?request-id=7cf4b6e5-498f-4ed4-bfc9-76eda96773ce
• #100: APPLE https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/service-science-and-the-impending-ai-revolution/id1612743401?i=1000583800244 SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0n3h9rgX6UYDCwxgTzokoK?si=yVF0mtHsRZSmdfy-aMi8DA GOOGLE  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5idXp6c3Byb3V0LmNvbS8xOTQ5NTE3LnJzcw?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzL-Zxvv6AhXzjo4IHVbTAuUQ9sEGegQIARAC
• #101: So what? Nott just disciplines and systems, but cultures are important. All disciplines are on a transdisciplinary journey. To be relevant. SSME+DAPP Diverse systems (a wide range of systems) include healthcare, education, government, finance, retail, hospitality, transportation, green energy, and more. Learning Systems invest in three types of activities Run-Transform-Innovate. Run = Routine Activities Transform = Copy Activities (of Others - Social Learning) Innovate = Discovery and Invention Activities (that others may want to copy – Societal Learning) T-shaped skills for people are needed in times of accelerating change. In times of slow change, I-shaped skills for people will work, but during times of accelerating change – it is better to have T-shaped skills for people who can be adaptive innovators, learning new areas faster and able to communicate with more people in large, diverse teams. BiblioS2008 Spohrer J, Kwan SK (2008) Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Design (SSMED): Outline and References. Trends and Perspectives. International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector (IJISSS). 1(3):1-31. URL: https://www.academia.edu/29743540/Service_Science_Management_Engineering_and_Design_SSMED_Outline_and_References?email_work_card=thumbnail-desktop Quotes: "Abstract - The growth of the global service economy has led to a dramatic increase in our daily interactions with highly specialized service systems. These daily service interactions are both frequent and diverse, and may include retail, financial, healthcare, education, on-line, communications, technical support, entertainment, transportation, legal, professional, government, or many other types of specialized interactions. We often play the role of customer in these interactions, but we also play the role of provider at home and work. The purpose of these many interactions is to create (or sometimes to mitigate the destruction of) value of some type. On those especially busy days of creating or salvaging value, we all come to realize, perhaps reluctantly at first, that we live, work, and play by taking on a great many roles in a great many service systems, and that we are all, in fact, individual service systems ourselves - increasingly complex, multitasking, highly specialized, knowledge-intensive human service systems - in ‘business’ to interact with others and co-create value. And yet surprisingly few students graduating from universities have studied anything about service systems. Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Design (SSMED), or service science for short, is an emerging discipline aimed at understanding and innovating service systems. Service systems are ancient, since the dawn of specialized knowledge and the division of labor, and are now rapidly evolving as costs plummet due to information and communication technologies (ICT) innovations that accelerate the creation of and sharing of specialized knowledge assets. Informal and formal service systems have been coevolving at an accelerating rate. Informal service systems depend more on traditional social systems and authoritative political systems (superordinate goal – which is why authority may appear “unfair”), and formal service systems depend more on monetary economic and strict adherence to legal system judgments (process without utility comparison – which is why bureaucracy may appear “unreasonable” or “out-moded’). Service systems exist and expand because of the value of the growing body of specialized knowledge assets distributed across a growing population of specialized people, and because of the mathematical advantages of dependent win-win value co-creation (value propositions) and collective-win (governance mechanisms) interactions over purely independent ‘do-it-all-myself” activities. Service systems (normatively) co-create value by applying specialized knowledge of diverse capabilities (provider perspective) and reciprocal needs (customer perspective) as they interact with and establish relationships or one time encounters with other service systems. This paper sketches an outline and preliminary set of references to provoke discussions about the difficult challenge of integrating multiple disciplines to create a new and unique service science. The sketch outlines the theoretical and practical foundations of the emerging field of service science, as well as the types of expertise (both broad interactional and deep contributory) that are important to service science professionals. Service science professionals seek to create and improve service systems (and their associated value propositions, governance mechanisms, and service networks). A service science lab network is also described, that could someday provide real, virtual, and simulated world experiences to educate and provide practical work experiences for future service scientists, and students of other disciplines seeking a better understanding of service systems as well.” BiblioS2016 Spohrer J, Bassano C, Piciochhi P, Siddike MAK (2016) What Makes a System Smart? Wise? URL: Quotes: "Abstract - The human-side of service engineering community has an opportunity to participate in an emerging trend to connect sociotechnical system research and engineering with the DIKIW (data-information-knowledge-intelligence-wisdom)hierarchy. The digital economy is grounded in big data and information systems.The knowledge economy is being redefined in the cognitive era by artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing capabilities, and asa result our systems are getting more intelligent or smarter. However, beyonds smarter, what are wiser systems? Can these terms be made more rigorous and operational? The goal of this paper is to provide a jumping off point for the AHFE HSSE community on this topic, and to explore the concept of smart versus wise from three related socio-technical systems perspectives: polycentric systems, viable systems, and service systems. Keywords Polycentric systems, Viable systems, Service systems, Smart systems, Wise systems, Human-side of service engineering"; "Service Science - To integrate service-related concepts across discipline boundaries, the concept of service system has been proposed as the basic abstraction for the emerging service science community [21]. Service science is short for Service Science Management Engineering Design Arts and Public Policy (SSME+DAPP) [22, 23]. Service science studies and seeks to integrate concept from many disciplines that study the global evolving ecology of nested networked service system entities, and their value co-creation and capability co-elevation interaction [24]. Within service sci- ence, governance mechanisms are one type of value proposition that can guide entity interactions [25]. The ISPAR model proposed in service sciences specifies both service and non-service modes of interaction and outcomes for entities, and the possibility of disputes and need for dispute resolution mechanisms [21]."
• #102: So What? This is the vocabulary we use as service scientist. I just note, ecology eahter than ecosystem. Service_Science Conceptual_Framework In the Handbook of Service Science, and other publications, we have layed out the conceptual foundations of service science – the first approximation of terms we believe every service scientist should know… The world view is that of an ecology of service-system-entities. Ecology is the study of the populations of entities, and their interactions with each other and the environment Types of Service System Entities, Interactions, and Outcomes is what a service scientist studies. Service systems include: Person, Family/Household, Business, Citiy, Nation, University, Hospital, Call-Center, Data-Center, etc. – any legal entity that can own property and be sued We see that Resources (People, Technology, Information, Organizations) and Stakeholder (Customers, Providers, Authorities, Competitors) are part of the conceptual framework for service science.
• #103: So What? A transdisciline harnesses all trhe horses? For a wide range of problems across business and society.
• #104: In conclusion, let’s consider the big picture – starting with the big bang…. and evolution of the earth, life on earth, human life, cities, universities, and the modern world… the evolution of observed hierarchical-complexity Many people still ask -- where is the science in the “Service Science?” One answer is that the science is hidden away in each of the component disciplines that study service systems, scientifically from their particular perspective… However, the big picture answer is “Ecology” - Ecology is the study of the abundance and distribution of entities (populations of things) in an environment… and how the entities interact with each other and their environment over successive generations of entities. The natural sciences (increasingly interdisciplinary) study the left side, using physics, chemistry, and biology Service science (originated as interdisciplinary) studies the right side, using history, economics, management, engineering, design, etc. Service science is still a young area, but from the growth of service in nations and businesses to the opportunity to apply service science to build a smarter planet, innovate service systems, and improve quality of life… it is an emerging science with bright future, and yes… it will continue to evolve : - ) Most people think of ecology in terms of living organisms, like plants and animals in a natural environment. However, the concept of ecology is more general and can be applied to entities as diverse as the populations of types of atoms in stars to the types of businesses in a national economy. I want to start my talk today on “service,” by first thinking broadly about ecologies of entities and their interactions. Eventually, we will get to human-made service system entities and human-made value-cocreation mechanisms… but for today, let’s really start at the very beginning – the big bang. About 14B years ago (indicated by the top of this purple bar), our universe started with a big bang. And through a process of known as fusion, stars turned populations of lighter atoms like hydrogen into heavier atoms like helium, and when stars of a certain size have done all the fusion they could, they would start slowing down, and eventually collapse rapidly, go nova, explode and send heavier atoms out into the universe, and eventually new stars form, and the process repeats over and over, creating stars with different populations of types of atoms, including heavier and heavier elments. So where did our sun and the earth come from…. Eventually after about ten billion years in the ecology of stars and atoms within stars, a very important star formed our sun (the yellow on the left) – and there were plenty of iron and nickel atoms swirling about as our sun formed, and began to burn 4.5B years ago, and the Earth formed about 4.3B years ago (the blue on the left)… In less than a billion years, the early earth evolved a remarkable ecology of complex molecules, including amino acids, and after less than a billion years, an ecology of bacteria took hold on early earth (the bright green on the left). The ecology of single cell bacteria flourished and after another billion years of interactions between the bacteria, the first multicellular organisms formed, and soon the ecology of sponges (the light blue on the left) and other multi-cellular entities began to spread out across the earth. Then after nearly two billion years, a type of division of labor between the cells in multicelluar organism lead to entities with cells acting as neurons in the first clams (the red on the left), and these neurons allowed the clams to open and close at the right time. After only 200 million years, tribolites appeared the first organisms with dense neural structures that could be called brains appeared (the black on the left), and then after about 300 million years, multicelluar organisms as complex as bees appeared (the olive on the left), and these were social insects, with division of labor among individuals in a population, with queens, drones, worker bees. So 200 million years ago, over 13B years after the big bang, the ecology of living entities is well established on planet earth, including social entities with brains and division of labor between individuals in a population…. Living in colonies that some have compared to human cities – where thousands of individuals live in close proximity and divide up the work that needs to be done to help the colony survive through many, many generations of individuals that come and go. Bees are still hear today. And their wingless cousins, called ants, have taken division of labor to incredible levels of complexity in ant cities in nearly every ecological niche on the planet, except under water. Now let’s look at the human ecology,and the formation of service system entities and value-cocreation mechanisms, a small portion of which is represented by the colored bar on the right. Recall bees appeared about 200 million years ago, a small but noticeable fraction of the age of the universe. Now take 1% of this little olive slice, which is 2 million years… that is how long people have been on earth, just one percent of this little olive slice here. What did people do in most of that 2million years? Basically, they spread out to every corner of the planet, and changed their skin color, eye colors, and hair colors, they spread out and became diverse with many different appearances and languages. It took most of that 200 millions just to spread out and cover most of the planet with people. When there was no more room to spread out the density of people in regions went up…. Now take 1% of that 2million years of human history which basically involved spreading out to every corner of the planet and becoming more diverse, recall ecology is the study of abundance and distribution and types of interactions, and 1% of that 2million years is just 20,000 years, and now divide that in half and that represents 10,000 years. The bar on the right represents 10,000 years or just 500 generations of people, if a generation is about 20 years. 500 generations ago humans built the first cities, prior to this there were no cities so the roughly 100M people spread out around the world 0% lived in cities, but about 500 generations ago the first cities formed, and division of labor and human-made service interactions based on division of labor took off – this is our human big bang – the explosion of division of labor in cities. Cities were the big bang for service scientists, because that is when the diversity of specialized roles and division of labor, which is at the heart of a knowledge-based service economy really begins to take off... So cities are the first really important type of human-made service system entities for service scientists to study, the people living in the city, the urban dwellers or citizens are both customers of and providers of service to each other, and division of labor is the first really important type of human-made value-cocreation mechanism for service scientists to study. (Note families are a very important type of service system entity, arguably more important than cities and certainly much older – however, family structure is more an evolution of primate family structure – and so in a sense is less of a human-made service system entity and more of an inherited service system entity… however, in the early cities often the trades were handed down father to son, and mother to daughter as early service businesses were often family run enterprises in which the children participated – so families specialized and the family names often reflect those specialization – for example, much later in England we get the family names like smith, mason, taylor, cooper, etc.) So to a service scientist, we are very excited about cities as important types of service system entities, and division of labor as an important type of value-cocreation mechanism, and all this really takes off in a big way just 500 generations ago when the world population was just getting to around 100M people spread out all around the world – so 10,000 years about about 1% of the worlds population was living in early versions of cities. It wasn’t until 1900 that 10% of the world’s then nearly 2B people lived in cities, and just this last decade that 50% of the worlds 6B people lived in cities, and by 2050 75% of the worlds projected 10B population will be urban dwellers. If there is a human-made service system that we need to design right, it is cities. It should be noted that the growth of what economist call the service sector, parallels almost exactly the growth of urban population size and increased division-of-labor opportunities that cities enable – so in a very real sense SERVICE GROWTH IS CITY GROWTH OR URBAN POPULATION GROWTH… in the last decade service jobs passed agriculture jobs for the first time, and urban dwellers passed rural dwellers for the first time. But I am starting to get ahead of myself, let’s look at how the human-made ecology of service system entities and value-cocreation mechanisms evolved over the last 10,000 years or 500 generations. The population of artifacts with written language on them takes off about 6000 years ago or about 300 generations ago (the yellow bar on the right). Expertise with symbols helped certain professions form – and the first computers were people writing and processing symbols - scribes were required, another division of labor – so the service of reading and writing, which had a limited market at first began to emerge to help keep better records. Scribes were in many ways the first computers, writing and reading back symbols – and could remember more and more accurately than anyone else. Written laws (blue on right) that govern human behavior in cities takes off about 5000 years ago – including laws about property rights, and punishment for crimes. Shortly there after, coins become quite common as the first type of standard monetary and weight measurement system (green on right). So legal and economic infrastructure for future service system entities come along about 5000 years ago, or 250 generations ago, with perhaps 2% of the population living in cities…. (historical footnote: Paper money notes don’t come along much until around about 1400 years ago – bank notes, so use of coins is significantly older than paper money, and paper money really required banks as service system entities before paper money could succeed.). About 50 generations ago, we get the emergence of another one of the great types of service system entities – namely universities (light blue line) – students are the customers, as well as the employers that need the students. Universities help feed the division of labor in cities that needed specialized skills, including the research discipline skills needed to deepen bodies of knowledge in particular discipline areas. The red line indicates the population of printing presses taking off in the world, and hence the number of books and newspapers. This was only about 500 years or 25 generations ago. Now university faculty and students could more easily get books, and cities began to expand as the world’s population grew, and more cities had universities as well. The black line indicates the beginning of the industrial revolution about 200 years ago, the sream engine, railroads, telegraph and proliferation of the next great type of service system entity – the manufacturing businesses - that benefited from standard parts, technological advances and scale economies, and required professional managers and engineers. About 100 years ago, universities began adding business schools to keep up with the demand for specialized business management skills, and many new engineering disciplines including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, and electrical engineering, fuel specialization and division of labor. By 1900, just over 100 years ago, or 5 generations ago 10% of the worlds population, or about 200 million people were living in cities and many of those cities had universities or were starting universities. Again fueling specialization, division of labor, and the growth of service as a component of the economy measured by traditional economists. Finally, just 60 years ago or 3 generations ago, the electronic semiconductor transistor was developed (indicated by the olive colored line on the right), and the information age took off, and many information intensive service activities could now benefit from computers to improve technology (e.g., accounting) and many other areas. So to recap, cities are one of the oldest and most important type of service system and universities are an important and old type of service system, as well as many types of businesses. Service science is the study of service system entities, their abundance and distribution, and their interactions. Division of labor is one of the most important types of value cocreation mechanisms, and people often need specialized skills to fill roles in service systems. Service science like ecology studies entities and their interactions over successive generations. New types of human-made service system entities and value-cocreation mechanisms continue to form, like wikipedia and peer production systems. Age of Unvierse (Wikipedia) The age of the universe is the time elapsed between the Big Bang and the present day. Current theory and observations suggest that the universe is 13.75 ±0.17 billion years old.[1] Age of Sun The Sun was formed about 4.57 billion years ago when a hydrogen molecular cloud collapsed.[85] Solar formation is dated in two ways: the Sun's current main sequence age, determined using computer models of stellar evolution and nucleocosmochronology, is thought to be about 4.57 billion years.[86] This is in close accord with the radiometric date of the oldest Solar System material, at 4.567 billion years ago.[87][88] Age of Earth The age of the Earth is around 4.54 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%).[1][2][3] This age has been determined by radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples. The Sun, in comparison, is about 4.57 billion years old, about 30 million years older. Age of Bacteria (Uni-cellular life) The ancestors of modern bacteria were single-celled microorganisms that were the first forms of life to develop on earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, all organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life.[22][23] Although bacterial fossils exist, such as stromatolites, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species. However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage.[24] The most recent common ancestor of bacteria and archaea was probably a hyperthermophile that lived about 2.5 billion–3.2 billion years ago.[25][26] Cities (Wikipedia) Early cities developed in a number of regions of the ancient world. Mesopotamia can claim the earliest cities, particularly Eridu, Uruk, and Ur. After Mesopotamia, this culture arose in Syria and Anatolia, as shown by the city of Çatalhöyük (7500-5700BC). Writing (Wikipedia) Writing is an extension of human language across time and space. Writing most likely began as a consequence of political expansion in ancient cultures, which needed reliable means for transmitting information, maintaining financial accounts, keeping historical records, and similar activities. Around the 4th millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration outgrew the power of memory, and writing became a more dependable method of recording and presenting transactions in a permanent form[2]. In both Mesoamerica and Ancient Egypt writing may have evolved through calendrics and a political necessity for recording historical and environmental events. Written Law (Wikipedia) The history of law is closely connected to the development of civilization. Ancient Egyptian law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, contained a civil code that was probably broken into twelve books. It was based on the concept of Ma'at, characterised by tradition, rhetorical speech, social equality and impartiality.[81][82] By the 22nd century BC, the ancient Sumerian ruler Ur-Nammu had formulated the first law code, which consisted of casuistic statements ("if ... then ..."). Around 1760 BC, King Hammurabi further developed Babylonian law, by codifying and inscribing it in stone. Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as stelae, for the entire public to see; this became known as the Codex Hammurabi. The most intact copy of these stelae was discovered in the 19th century by British Assyriologists, and has since been fully transliterated and translated into various languages, including English, German, and French.[83] Money (Wikipedia) Many cultures around the world eventually developed the use of commodity money. The shekel was originally both a unit of currency and a unit of weight.[10]. The first usage of the term came from Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC. Societies in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia used shell money – usually, the shell of the money cowry (Cypraea moneta) were used. According to Herodotus, and most modern scholars, the Lydians were the first people to introduce the use of gold and silver coin.[11] It is thought that these first stamped coins were minted around 650–600 BC.[12] Universities (Wikipedia) Prior to their formal establishment, many medieval universities were run for hundreds of years as Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (Scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century AD.[7] The first universities were the University of Bologna (1088), the University of Paris (c. 1150, later associated with the Sorbonne), the University of Oxford (1167), the University of Palencia (1208), the University of Cambridge (1209), the University of Salamanca (1218), the University of Montpellier (1220), the University of Padua (1222), the University of Naples Federico II (1224), the University of Toulouse (1229).[8][9] Printing and Books (Wikipedia) Johannes Gutenberg's work on the printing press began in approximately 1436 when he partnered with Andreas Dritzehn—a man he had previously instructed in gem-cutting—and Andreas Heilmann, owner of a paper mill.[34] However, it was not until a 1439 lawsuit against Gutenberg that an official record exists; witnesses' testimony discussed Gutenberg's types, an inventory of metals (including lead), and his type molds.[34]
• #105: As universities become better partners with their host city, the innovations centers are strengthened and faculty and students get streams of data from different city systems from transportation, to water and waste, to healthcare, and energy systems…. Students learn to work on multidisciplinary teams and engage in understanding and creating proposed solutions to real-world problems that do not respect discipline boundaries – in this way students are better prepared to become good citizens in their future community, and to work on multidisciplinary teams when they graduate and get jobs… Urban Innovations Center are related to Urban Planning departments. However, Urban Planning tends to focus on land use and development, whereas Urban Innovations Centers are emerging with broader agendas…
• #106: Top 3000 cities: http://www.mongabay.com/cities_pop_02.htm Of course the opportunity is not just local – while local innovation impact the lives of staff, faculty, students and their families most directly – as cities partner more (twin city and sister city programs) and as universities also establish global collaborations with campuses in other regions of the world – the opportunity for better city-university partnerships is both local and global.