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Akhilesh manufacturing industries
This document provides information on various manufacturing industries in India, including their classification, location factors, and importance to the economy. It discusses key industries such as cotton, jute, sugar, iron and steel, aluminium, chemicals, fertilizers, cement, automobiles, and information technology. It also addresses the pollution problems caused by industries and some measures to reduce environmental degradation.
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Akhilesh manufacturing industries
- 1. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES SUBMITTED BY AKHILESHUIKAY CLASS X”B” GUIDED BY “PRITI SHARMA MAM”
- 2. CONTENT: • Classification ofIndustry • Iron & Steel • Fertilizer • Cement • Cotton • Jute • Electronics and IT • Automobile • Sugar • Aluminium
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- 4. Industrial Location Location ofan industry depends on various factors such as Availability of raw material Availability of cheap labour Availability of power and other infrastructure Proximity to markets Availability of adequate and swift means of transportation
- 5. Classification of Industries Classificationon the basis of source of raw materials used: • Agro based: cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil. • Mineral based: iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.
- 6. Classification according totheir main role: • Basic or key industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminum smelting. • Consumer industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers – sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans etc.
- 7. Classification on thebasis of capital investment: • A small scale industry is defined with reference to the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit. At present the maximum investment allowed is rupees one crore. If investment is more than one crore on any industry then it is known as a large scale industry.
- 8. On the basisof ownership: • Public sector, owned and operated by government agencies – BHEL, SAIL etc. • Private sector industries owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals –Reliance, TATA, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries. • Joint sector industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sector. • Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala. Example: Amul, Lijjat Papd.
- 9. Based on thebulk and weight of raw material and finished goods: • Heavy industries such as iron and steel • Light industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical industries.
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- 11. Cotton Textiles In ancientIndia – hand spinning & weaving. After 18th century – power looms. Set – back during colonial rule due to non- competitiveness with mill made cloth, from England.
- 12. Exports Yarn: to Japan. Cottongoods: USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, & African Countries.
- 13. Problems Use of poorquality yarn in our mils. Tough competition in the world market. Good quality yarn is for expert. Power supply erratic. Machinery to be got upgraded. Low output of labour.
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- 15. Jute Industry: Largest producerof raw jute & jute goods. 2nd largest exporter of jute goods after Bangladesh. 70 jute mills in India.
- 16. National Jute Policyin 2005. To increase demand To increase productivity To improve quality To ensure good prices To enhance yield per hectare
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- 18. Sugar Industry 2nd placein the world on production of sugar. 1st place in gur & khandasari. 460 sugar mills in the production areas of sugar cane due to sucrose content reduction in haulage.
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- 20. Iron & SteelIndustry Basic Production & consumption – index of development. Heavy & bulky 9th place with 32.8 million tons of steel annually. Largest producer of sponge iron. Per capita consumption: 32 kg per annum.
- 21. IRON & STEELINDUSTRY
- 22. Aluminium Smelting 2nd mostimp. Metallurgical industry. Light In weight Resistant to corrosion Good conductor of heat Malleable Used for manufacturing of aircraft
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- 26. Fertilizer Industry · Thisindustry manufactures nitrogenous fertilizers (Urea), phosphoric fertilizers,ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilizers. · India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilizers. · Located in Gujarat, U.P., Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Kerala.
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- 28. Cement Industry · Cementis manufactured from limestone, silica, aluminium and gypsum. · Located mainly in Gujarat. · First cement plant: Chennai in 1904 · Exported to the Gulf countries, Africa and South Asia.
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- 30. Automobile Industry · Manufacturescars, scooters, motorcycles, trucks, buses, three- wheelers etc. · Located in Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bangalore.
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- 32. Information Technology · Includestransistors, television, telephones, computers and radars. · Bangalore is the electronic capital of India. · This industry has given a boost to employment generation in India.
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- 35. Pollution & Environmentdegradation Industries cause four types of pollution Land: Land gets polluted and the quality of soil gets degraded when huge quantities of industrial wastes are dumped, rendering the soil unfertile. Air: The emission of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and other harmful gases from industries and vehicles causes irreparable damage to the atmosphere. The smoke emitted by factories contains small dust particles which are inhaled by human beings and can cause various pulmonary and other diseases. Water: The industrial wastes and chemical effluents discharged into water bodies contaminate the water and make it unfit for human use. Noise: The blaring horns of automobiles, noise of machinery in the factories and large scale construction activity creates noise pollution which causes irritation and can also lead to deafness.
- 37. Save Environment Minimising theuse of water.· Reusing used water by purifying it. Rainwater harvesting for conserving water. Treating industrial and chemical effluents before discharging them into rivers. Minimising the use of fuels that produce harmful gases and adopting clever fuels such as biogas and natural gas. Establishing waste treatment and sewage treatment plants for preventing land and water pollution.
- 38. NTPC · National ThermalPower Corporation · A public sector undertaking (PSU) · Established in 1975 · Has an ISO 14001 certification for EMS (Environment Management System)