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![ The growth rate was measured following the procedure adopted by
Green (2000) and the steps followed are presented below.
Yt= abt
e
Logarithmic form of the above equation is
ln Y = ln a + t ln b
The percent CGR is derived using the formula
r = [(Antilog b)-1]*100
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bananaseminar-170430142452/75/An-Economic-Analysis-of-Banana-Cultivation-in-Tamil-Nadu-19-2048.jpg)
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An Economic Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Tamil Nadu
- 1. Department of AgriculturalEconomics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Chairman: Dr. M. Chandrasekaran Members: Dr. R. Balasubramanian Dr. B.J. Pandian Dr. M.R. Duraisamy Presented by, Sathaiah. M [email protected] +91 7502153212
- 2. Botanical Name: Musa sp. Origin – South East Asia Increase in production is partly due to enhanced area under cultivation and largely due to increased productivity by adoption of high yielding varieties like Grand Naine, Robusta and other Cavendish clones, quality planting material, integrated nutrient and water management, high density planting and integrated pests and disease management. Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 3. Traditionally, bananahas been propagated using suckers but due to the problem of viral diseases and the need for uniformity, in-vitro plants have become a success. Grand Naine is a tall statured plant and a heavy yielder with long cylindrical bunch. Average bunch weight = 25 kg and may go up to 30-35 kg, with 8-10 hands with 200-220 fruits /bunch. Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 4. World Area –5,034.09 (‘000 Ha.) Production – 1,06,848 (‘000 Tonnes) Productivity – 21,224.87 (Kgs./Ha.) Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 5. Rank Countries Area(‘000 Ha.) I India 802.57 II Brazil 481.12 III Philippines 454.18 IV United Republic of Tanzania 442.19 V China 400.00 VI Ecuador 210.89 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 6. Rank Countries Production(‘000 T.) I India 29,725 II China 10,550 III Philippines 9,226 IV Ecuador 7,012 V Brazil 6,902 VI Indonesia 6,189 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 7. Rank Countries Productivity(Kgs./Ha.) I Indonesia 58,943 II Guatemala 40,909 III India 37,037 IV Ecuador 33,250 V Mexico 30,349 VI China 26,375 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 8. India Banana (Musasp.) is the second most important fruit crop in India next to mango. Area – 802.57 (‘000 Ha.) Production – 29,725 (‘000 Tonnes) Productivity – 37,037 (Kgs./Ha.) Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 9. Rank State Area(‘000 Ha.) I Tamil Nadu 118.40 II Karnataka 102.71 III Andhra Pradesh 90.48 IV Maharashtra 83.00 V Gujarat 66.50 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 10. Rank State Production(‘000 T.) I Tamil Nadu 5,650.00 II Maharashtra 4,830.80 III Gujarat 4,225.49 IV Andhra Pradesh 3,166.90 V Karnataka 2,675.63 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 11. Rank State Productivity(Kgs./Ha.) I Madhya Pradesh 64,045 II Gujarat 63,541 III Maharashtra 58,202 IV Tamil Nadu 47,720 V Bihar 41,847 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14
- 12. Tamil Nadu Area– 118.40 (‘000 Ha.) Production – 5,650 (‘000 Tonnes) Productivity – 47,720 (Kgs./Ha.) Source : Season and Crop Report 2013-’14
- 13. Rank District Area(‘000 Ha.) I Erode 10.43 II Thoothukudi 9.14 III Coimbatore 7.41 IV Tiruchirapalli 7.14 V Tirunelveli 7.18 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : Season and Crop Report 2013-’14
- 14. Rank District Production(‘000 T.) I Thoothukudi 403.88 II Theni 398.45 III Tiruchirapalli 375.88 IV Coimbatore 324.51 V Erode 314.12 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : Season and Crop Report 2013-’14
- 15. Rank District Productivity(Kg/Ha.) I Theni 66,453 II Karur 60,345 III Tiruvannamalai 57,022 IV Tiruchirapalli 52,614 V Thanjavur 50,902 Source : National Horticultural Board Database 2013-’14 Source : Season and Crop Report 2013-’14
- 16. 1. To analysethe trends in area, production and productivity of banana in World, India and Tamil Nadu. 2. To estimate cost and return of Grand Naine banana cultivation. 3. To determine the input-use efficiency of Grand Naine banana cultivation. 4. To determine the technical efficiency of Grand Naine banana cultivation. 5. To study the constraints faced by Grand Naine banana farmers. Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 17. Data collection Primary Data TamilNadu TheniTheni G9 farmersG9 farmers 30 farmers30 farmers National Horticultural Board, Faostat Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Time Series Data (1950 – 2014)
- 18. Analytical Tools Trend Analysis Compound Growth Rate(CGR) Compound Growth Rate (CGR) Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Input – Output Efficiency Technical efficiencyCost and Return Constraints Percentage Analysis Percentage Analysis Stochastic Frontier Analysis Stochastic Frontier Analysis Cobb – Douglas Production Function Cobb – Douglas Production Function Garrett Ranking Garrett Ranking
- 19. The growthrate was measured following the procedure adopted by Green (2000) and the steps followed are presented below. Yt= abt e Logarithmic form of the above equation is ln Y = ln a + t ln b The percent CGR is derived using the formula r = [(Antilog b)-1]*100 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 20. To findout the input-use efficiency of Grand Naine banana cultivation, the CD production function has been used. ln Y = β0 + β1 ln X1 + β2 ln X2 + β3ln X3 + β4 ln X4 + β5 ln X5 + β6ln X6 + error Where, Y = Grand Naine banana yield (Kgs./ha.) β0, β1……… β6= Regression co-efficients to be estimated X1= FYM used (tonnes./ha.) X2= N fertilizer used (Kgs./ha.) X3= P fertilizer used (Kgs./ha.) X4= K fertilizer used (Kgs./ha.) X5= Plant protection chemicals value (Rs./ha.) X6= Human labour used (man days./ha.) Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 21. The stochasticfrontier production function with a composed error term is more suitable to estimate the technical efficiency. The general form of the stochastic frontier production function is Yi= Xiα + vi – ui Where, Yi = Dependent variable Xi= Independent variable α = Regression co-efficient vi= Random error, it can be positive or negative. ui= Non negative random variable which are assumed to account for technical inefficiency in production Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 22. Per cent position= 100 X (Rij – 0.5) / Nj Where, Rij = Ranking given to the ith attribute by the jth individual Nj = Number of attributes ranked by the jth individual Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 23. Compound GrowthRate (CGR) Cost and Return Cobb – Douglas Production Function Stochastic Frontier Production Function Constraints faced by Grand Naine Banana Farmers Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 24. AREA (‘000 ha.) WorldIndia Tamil Nadu CGR 1.71 2.68 2.20 Triennium 11-12 to 13-14 5,055 801 120 2014-15 5,141 822 123 2019-20 5,592 937 136 2024-25 6,083 1068 152 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 25. PRODUCTION (‘000 tonnes) WorldIndia Tamil Nadu CGR 3.01 4.58 4.48 Triennium 11-12 to 13-14 1,06,226 28,165 5,841 2014-15 1,09,378 29,426 6,097 2019-20 1,26,597 36,632 7,555 2024-25 1,46,527 45,603 9,361 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 26. PRODUCTIVITY (Kgs/ha.) World IndiaTamil Nadu CGR 1.28 1.85 2.23 Triennium 11-12 to 13-14 21,015 35,148 48,549 2014-15 21,282 35,792 49,621 2019-20 22,669 39,193 55,348 2024-25 24,146 42,917 61,735 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 27. S.No Cost ofCultivation Value (Rs.) Percentage 1 Value of human labour 1,18,313 29.21 2 Value of machine labour 14,820 3.66 3 Value of manures 45,201 11.16 4 Value of fertilizers 99,047 24.45 5 Cost of suckers 44,954 11.10 6 Cost of plant protection chemicals 2,645 0.65 7 Irrigation charges 15,300 3.78 8 Value of supporting stick 64,800 16.00 Cost of cultivation 4,05,080 100.00 9 Yield (kgs.) 81,920 10 Price (Rs.) 8.8 Gross income 7,20,896 Net income 3,15,816 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Rs./Ha./Annum
- 28. Variable Coefficient ValueStd. Error t - value Constant 6.6631*** 3.7489 1.7773 FYM 0.2108* 0.0611 3.4504 N 0.7789* 0.1756 4.4355 P 0.3371** 0.1587 2.1246 K 0.3012** 0.1213 2.4839 Plant protection chemical value -0.3388*** 0.1699 -1.9949 Human labour -0.0877NS 0.2317 -0.3785 R2 0.87 Adjusted R2 0.83 F value 26.03* N 30 * - 1 % level of significance ** - 5 % level of significance *** - 10 % level of significance NS - Non significance Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 29. Variable Coefficient ValueStd. Error t - value Constant 7.3919* 1.5328 4.8226 FYM 0.1860** 0.0870 2.1384 N -0.0871NS 0.1749 -0.4981 P 0.3301*** 0.1715 1.9242 K 0.1927** 0.0774 2.4882 Plant protection chemical value -0.1062NS 0.1856 -0.5722 Human labour 0.2376NS 0.1541 1.5416 Sigma-squared 0.0229* 0.0041 5.5452 Gamma 0.9999 0.0019 518.9898 log likelihood 35.2 * - 1 % level of significance ** - 5 % level of significance *** - 10 % level of significance NS - Non significance Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 30. Department of AgriculturalEconomics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Technical efficiency classes (percent) No. of farms Percentage to total 61-65 1 3.33 66-70 2 6.67 71-75 2 6.67 76-80 4 13.33 81-85 5 16.67 86-90 6 20.00 91-95 5 16.67 96-100 5 16.67 Total 30 100.00 Mean technical efficiency 84.96
- 31. Department of AgriculturalEconomics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. S. No Particulars Garret Score Rank 1 Yield increase 71.50 I 2 Increased income 60.17 II 3 Adaptability of G-9 banana through season 53.33 III 4 Uniform growth 36.00 IV
- 32. Department of AgriculturalEconomics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. S. No Particulars Garret Score Rank 1 Higher Sigotoka leaf spot disease 73.00 I 2 Non-availability of labour 59.00 II 3 High wage rate 53.00 III 4 High cost of planting material 34.50 IV
- 33. CGR ofarea, production and productivity of World, India and Tamil Nadu showed positive. The net income is high ( Rs. 3,06,916). The return to scale is found to be 1.20, which is higher than unity. This indicates that the Grand Naine banana have increasing returns to scale for banana production for FYM, N, P, K, plant protection chemical value and human labour used. Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 34. The meantechnical efficiency is 84.96 per cent. The major reason for adoption of G-9 banana is higher yield and higher profit, the major problem faced by them is incidence of sigotoka leaf spot disease and non availability of labour. Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 35. Cost ofplanting material is high – the agricultural department should subsidize the planting material cost. Crop rotation – maize, tomato and etc. Profits are assured – farmers can go for Grand Naine banana cultivation. Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 36. Indian HorticultureDatabase 2014 Edited by Kumar et al Published by National Horticulture Board, MOA, GOI, 85, Institutional Area, Sector – 18, Gurgaon – 122015 (2008). Green, William H., 2000. Econometric analysis. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Bhendi, M. J. and K. P. Kalirajan, “Technical Efficiency of major food and cash crops in Karnataka (India), Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62(2): 176 192, 2007. Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.