Anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis

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  Department of veterinary medicineSAU Tandojam Submitted to: Sir Mujeeb Memon Submitted by: Amin Gilgiti Reg No: 2k13-AV-20 Email; [email protected]
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  GALL SICKNESS TOPIC ANAPLASMOSIS ALLPPT.com _Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts
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  Anaplasmosis Formerly known asgall sickness  Anaplasmosis, formerly known as gall sickness, traditionally refers to a disease of ruminants caused by obligate intraerythrocytic bacteria of the order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae, genus Anaplasma.  Cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, and some wild ruminants can be infected with the erythrocytic Anaplasma.  Anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. .
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  Intraerythrocytic bacteria
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  Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical bovine anaplasmosis is usually caused by A marginale.  An A marginale with an appendage has been called A caudatum, but it is not considered to be a separate species.  Cattle are also infected with A centrale, which generally results in mild disease.  A ovis may cause mild to severe disease in sheep, deer, and goats  A phagocytophilum has recently been reported to infect cattle.  Natural infection is rare and it does not cause clinical disease
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  Transmission and Epidemiology Up to 17 different tick vector species have been reported to transmit Anaplasma spp  Mechanical transmission via biting dipterans occurs in some regions.  Transplacental transmission has been reported and is usually associated with acute infection of the dam in the second or third trimester of gestation.  Anaplasmosis may also be spread through the use of contaminated needles or dehorning or other surgical instruments.
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  TRANSMISSION
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  Clinical Findings  Anaplasmosisis characterized by progressive anemia due to extravascular destruction of infected and uninfected erythrocytes.  Animals with peracute infections succumb within a few hours of the onset of clinical signs.  Acutely infected animals lose condition rapidly. Milk production falls.  Inappetence, loss of coordination, breathlessness when exerted, and a rapid bounding pulse are usually evident in the late stages.  The urine may be brown but, in contrast to babesiosis, hemoglobinuria does not occur.  A transient febrile response, with the body temperature rarely exceeding 106°F (41°C) occurs at about the time of peak rickettsemia.  Mucous membranes appear pale and then yellow. Pregnant cows may abort.
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  Clinical signs Emaciated cowenamic mucus
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  Treatment, Control, andPrevention  Tetracycline antibiotics and imidocarb are currently used for treatment. Cattle may be sterilized by treatment with these drugs and remain immune to severe anaplasmosis subsequently for at least 8 mo.  Prompt administration of tetracycline drugs (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline) in the early stages of acute disease usually ensures survival.  A commonly used treatment consists of a single IM injection of long-acting oxytetracycline at a dosage of 20 mg/kg.  Blood transfusion to partially restore the PCV greatly improves the survival rate of more severely affected cattle.  The carrier state may be eliminated by administration of a long-acting oxytetracycline preparation (20 mg/kg, IM, at least two injections with a 1-wk interval)
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