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Similar to bones of lower limb and anatomy of lower limb
bones of lower limb and anatomy of lower limb
- 4. Bones of lowerlimb • Hip bone • Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Patella • Tarsal bones • Metatarsal bones • Phalanges
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- 7. Hip bones (Innominatebone) • Flat bones, form bony pelvis along with sacrum and coccyx • Posteriorly articulate with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint • Anteriorly articulate with each other at a joint called pubic symphysis • Contains 3 parts – pubis, ilium and ischium
- 8. TYPES OF PELVICBONES There are four pelvic bones that form pelvis: 1. Two Hip bones (Innominate or nameless) 2. One Sacrum 3. One Coccyx
- 10. 1.TWO INNOMINATE BONES innominatebone is made up of three bones Ilium Ischium pubic bone.
- 12. 2.SACRUM It is awedge shaped bone made up of five fused bones. It has following parts- Sacral promontory: it is prominent upper margin of first sacral vertebrae, projects inwards Sacro iliac joint Wings of Sacrum or Ala of Sacrum Hollow of the Sacrum: concave
- 15. 3.COCCYX It isa vestigial tail consists of four fused vertebrae forming a small triangular bone. It is articulated with the sacrum Coccyx moves backward during childbirth
- 17. PELVIC JOINTS There arefour pelvic joints: Two sacroiliac joints. One pubic symphysis joint. One sacrococcygeal joint.
- 19. PELVIC JOINTS There arefour pelvic joints: Two sacroiliac joints. One pubic symphysis joint. One sacrococcygeal joint.
- 20. Applied anatomy • Commonsite for intramuscular injection is gluteus muscle • Tail bone pain
- 21. Femur (thigh bone) TheLongest and strongest bone of the body. Parts: Upper end Lower end Shaft
- 23. Upper end Head ,neck , fovea capitis , trochanter fossa , greater trochanter , lesser trochanter. Inter trochanter line (anterior side) Inter trochanter crest (posterior side) Lower end Medial and lateral condyles Anterior – patellar articulating surface Posterior – inter condylar area
- 24. Inferior aspect articulateswith the condyles of the tibia (knee joint) Medial – adductor Shaft 3 borders – medial , lateral , posterior(linea aspera ) . 3 surface – anterior, medial , lateral Medial linea aspera continues upward as spiral line and downward as medial supracondylar line. Lateral linea aspera continues upward as gluteal tuberosity and downward as lateral supra condylar line .
- 26. Patella • Largest sesamoidbone, develops in the tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle. • Situated at the knee, in front of medial and lateral condyles of femur . • Triangular shaped has – base, apex, anterior and posterior surfaces .
- 29. • Base directedupwards, gives attachment to tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle • Apex directed downwards, gives attachment to ligamentum patellae or patellar ligament • Posterior surface presents articular areas for medial and lateral condyles of femur • Articular area for lateral condyle is larger than ther articular area for medial condyle
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- 32. Tibia • Medial boneof the leg • Has – upper and lower ends , shaft Upper end: Presents medial and lateral condyles, tibial tuberosity and intercondylar area. Tibial tuberosity : is present on the anterior aspect presents of upper end, gives attachment to ligamentum patella (patellar ligament). Lateral condyle : on its lateral aspects presents an articular facet for head of fibula . Superior surfaces : of lateral and medial condyles contain smooth articular areas for lateral and medial condyles of femur
- 33. Intercondylar area: Situatedon the superior surfaces of upper end, between the articular areas for femur, Divided into anterior and posterior intecondylar areas by the intercondylar eminence. Lower end: Presents a presents a projection on the medial side called medial malleolus Inferior surface of lower end and medial malleolus articulate with talus . Shaft • Shaft has 3 borders and 3 surfaces . • Borders – anterior,medial and lateral(interosseous) • Surfaces – medial, lateral and posterior .
- 34. Posterior dividedin to upper and lower parts by a ridge called soleal line which gives attachment to soleus muscle .
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- 38. Fibula • it Isa lateral bone of leg • it Has a upper and lower ends , shaft . Upper end Upper end is called head, expanded in all directions Lower end • it Is flat and called lateral malleolus • Its medial aspect presents of – smooth, triangular articular area for talus . – depression called malleolar fossa .
- 39. Shaft • Narrow upperpart of the shaft near the head is called neck and related to common peroneal nerve • Shaft has 3 borders and 3 surfaces • Borders – anterior, medial (interosseous) and posterior • Surfaces – anterior, lateral and posterior . Lower part of posterior surface presents a ridge called peroneal (medial) crest
- 43. Bones of foot •Foot contains tarsal bones, metatarsal bones and phalanges • Tarsal bones are 7 in number • Talus, calcaneum, cuboid, navicular, medial, lateral and intermediate cuneiform bones .
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