Anatomy of pharynx

Pharynx
 12 cm fibromuscular membranous tube
 from base of skull to lower border of cricoid cartilage
 upper part of Resp.& Digestive tract.

Communication
1. Nasal cavity- Through post. nasal choana
2. Mouth- Through OPX isthmus
3. Middle Ear-Through ET
4. Larynx & TBT -Through Glottis
5. Esophagus - Through cricopharynx

Boundaries
1. Sup- a.Base of skull, b. sphenoid bone ,c. Occipital bone
2. Inf.-6th cervical vertebra
3. Post.-glide freely over prevertebral fascia
4. Ant.-comm. nasal , oral cavity & larynx.

Divisions
1) NASOPHARYNX
2) OROPHARYNX
3) LARYNGOPHARYNX (HYPOPHARYNX)

Composed of- 5 layers
1. MUCOSA
2. SUBMUCOSA
3. PHARYNGOBASILAR FASCIA- Internal fibrous sheet.
4. MUSCULAR COAT.
5. BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA - Outer fibrous sheet.

MUSCULAR COAT-
A. Outer Circular Layer- 3 CONSTRICTORS - Sup, Middle,
Inf.
B. 3 inner Longitudinal Layer- 1.Stylopharyngeus.
2.Salpingopharyngeus.
3.Palatopharyngeus.

Blood Supply-
 Ascending pharyngeal A. b/o Ext.Carotid A.
 Ascending palatine & Tonsillar A.b/o Fascial A.
 Greater palatine ,pharyngeal & pterygoid A.b/o Maxillary A.

Nerve Supply-
Pharyngeal plexus of nerve.
 pharyngeal N.b/o Vagus N.
 pharyngeal N. b/o glossopharyngeal N.
 pharyngeal N. b/o Sup cervical sympathetic ganglion

1.NASOPHARYNX
Upper part
 Behind the nose & above lower border of soft palate
Stru. & Func. Resembles nose
 Respiratory in function
 lined by cilliated columnar epithelium
supplied by trigeminal nerve

Wall is formed by pharyngobasillar fascia & pharyngeal
ligament
Anteriorly- Nasal cavity
Inferiorly- oropharynx
Lateral wall- Auditory Tube Opening.
Tubal elevation.
Salpingopharyngeal fold.
Fossa of Rosenmuller (Pharyngeal recess)

• Roof / posterior wall- Lymphoid tissue .
pharyngeal bursa.
NASOPHARYNGEAL TONSIL - ADENOIDS
LYMPHOID TISSUE BEHIND TUBAL OPENING-TUBAL
TONSILS

Fossa of Rosenmuller
• Narrow verticle slit behind tubal elevation
• deep recess in the base skull region
• coomonest site of npx ca.

2.OROPHARYNX
 Middle part
 Above -Nasopharynx
 Front- oral cavity
 Below-Laryngopharynx
 Supported by C2&C3
 Lateral -Palatine Tonsils

 Post.-Sup. Middle & Inf. Constrictors.
Glossoepiglottic Fold - Inf.to OPX
-Post.1/3 of tongue till circumvallate P.
- Separate the paired Valleculae.

Palatine Tonsils
 Palatine fossa, Almond shape.
 betn palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal
arches
Two surfaces-
1. Medial
2. Lateral
Two Borders
1.Anterior
2.Posterior
Two Poles
1.Upper
2.Lower

Medial Surface- Stratified Squa.epithelium
12-15 Crypts-Intertonsillar Cleft.
 Lateral Surface- Capsule of Tonsil
Loosely attach to pharynx except at
Ant.inf.
Ant.inf. firmly attach to side of Tongue
Tonsillar Artery - Enters Tonsil Through firm Attach

Bed of Tonsil
1. Pharyngobasillar fascia
2. Sup.Constrictors & Palatopharyngeus Muscle
3. Buccopharyngeal Fascia
4. Styloglossus & 9th cranial Nerve

 Plica Triangularis- Triangular vestigeal fold of Mucous Memb.
Antero.inf.
 Plica Semilunaris- Semilunar Fold
Upper part of Tonsillar Sinus
 Intratonsillar Cleft- Largest crypt of Tonsil
Upper Part,Semilunar in shape
Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)

• Lymphatic - Jugulo diagastric nodes
• Nerve Supply- 1.Glosso pharyngeal Nerve.
2.Lesser Palatine Nerve.

Applied Anatomy
• Large in Children & Retrograde after puberty.
• Frequent site of infection, may form Peritonsillar Abscess.
• Refered Pain in Ear After tonsillectomy due to common
nerve Supply.

Adenoids
• Submucosal lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx.
• Junction Roof & Posterior wall of NPX.
• Composed of Verticle ridge of lymphoid tissue.
• No Crypts, No Capsule.
• Covered by Cilliated Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium.

Blood Supply-
1.Ascending Palatine A. b/o facial Artery.
2.Ascending pharyngeal A.
3.Pharyngeal b/o maxillary A.

Lingual Tonsils
• Raised papiliform masses.
• Posterior 1/3 of Tongue.
• Betn Vallate P & Epiglottis.
• Hypertrophy -after tonsillectomy or
after menopause.
• Swelling -feeling of lump in throat.
• Abscess do occur.

3.Laryngopharynx
• Lower part of pharynx.
• behind tha Larynx.
• Upper border of epiglottis to lower border of Cricoid
Cartilage

 Anterior Wall- 1.Inlet of Larynx.
2.Post surface of Cricoid & Arytenoid C.
 Posterior Wall- 1.Sup.Middle.&Inf. Constrictors of
pharynx.
2.Supported by C4 & C5.
3.Partly by C3 & C6.
 Lateral Wall- Pyriform Fossa.

Anatomy of pharynx

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