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![CEREBRAL DURAMATER [CRANIAL
DURA]
“Tough Mother”.
A thick and dense inelastic
outer membrane.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cranial-cavity-i-250405053651-a103dde6/75/Anatomy-of-the-CRANIAL-CAVITY-I-in-human-ppt-7-2048.jpg)
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Anatomy of the CRANIAL-CAVITY-I in human.ppt
- 1. CRANIAL CAVITY-I Presented by:- Dr. ManirulIslam Associate Professor
- 2. LESSON PLAN Introduction. Cranial Meninges. Cranial Meningeal Spaces. CerebralDuramater. Folds of Duramater: • Falx Cerebri. • Tentorium Cerebelli. • Falx Cerebelli. • Diaphragma Sellae.
- 3. INTRODUCTION It isthe main cavity of the skull. It contains: • Brain. • Intracranial portions of Cranial Nerves. • Blood vessels.
- 4. CRANIAL MENINGES Brainis surrounded by three protective membranes, the meninges (from outside inward) : • Dura Mater. • Arachnoid mater. • Pia Mater. Pia mater and arachnoid together are sometimes referred to as the leptomeninges. Dura mater is referred as Pachymeninges
- 5. CRANIAL MENINGES contd… Dura Mater- •Linesthe interior of cranial cavity. Pia Mater- •Covers the surface of brain. Arachnoid Mater- •Lies between the duramater and piamater. Dura Mater
- 6. CRANIAL MENINGEAL SPACES EPIDURAL SPACE: Potentialspace superior to dura mater. SUBDURAL SPACE: Potential space between dura mater and arachnoid mater. SUBARACHNOID SPACE: Wider space. Filled with CSF. Contains the blood vessels supplying the brain.
- 7. CEREBRAL DURAMATER [CRANIAL DURA] “ToughMother”. A thick and dense inelastic outer membrane.
- 8. CEREBRAL DURAMATER contd… Adheres toinner surface of skull. Supports the brain. Forms sinus system of the cranial cavity (venous drainage). Pain sensitive.
- 9. CEREBRAL DURAMATER contd… Composed of2 layers:- • Outer or endosteal layer. • Inner or meningeal layer. Two layers fused, except to enclose the dural venous sinuses.
- 10. CEREBRAL DURAMATER contd… OUTER orENDOSTEAL LAYER (ENDOCRANIUM): •Attaches to the bones of skull. •It is the periosteum covering the inner surface of the skull bones. •Attaches with the pericranium through the sutures and foramina. •Around the margins of all the foramina in the skull, it becomes continuous with the periosteum on the outside of the skull bones ( pericranium ). •At the sutures it is continuous with the sutural ligaments. •In loose contact with calvaria. •Most strongly adherent to the base of skull and at the sutures.
- 11. CEREBRAL DURAMATER contd… INNER orMENINGEAL LAYER: •Dura mater proper. •A dense, strong fibrous membrane covering the brain. •Continuous with the dura mater of the spinal cord (spinal dura) through the foramen magnum. •Closer to brain. •Provides tubular sheaths for the cranial nerves as the latter pass through the foramina in the skull. •Outside the skull, the sheaths fuse with the epineurium of the nerves.
- 12. FOLDS OF DURAMATERor DURAL REFLECTIONS or DURAL SEPTA At certain places, the meningeal layer of dura folds on itself and forms divisions or partitions between parts of the brain. • Falx Cerebri. • Tentorium Cerebelli. • Falx Cerebelli. • Diaphragma Sellae. Falx Cerebri Tentoriu m cerebelli Falx Cerebelli Diaphragma Sel Falx Cerebri Tentoriu m cerebelli
- 13. FALX CEREBRI Large sickle-shapedfold. It has 2 ends: • Anterior end. • Posterior end. It has 2 margins: • Upper margin. • Lower margin. Anterior end- • It is narrow and is attached to the crista galli of Ethmoid bone. Posterior end- • It is broad and attached on the upper surface of tentorium cerebelli in the median plane. Upper margin- • It is convex and is attached to the margins of sagittal sulcus of skull vault. Lower margin- Anterior en Posterior end Upper Margin Lower Margin
- 14. FALX CEREBRI contd… Extends downthe median longitudinal fissure, between the two cerebral hemispheres. Enclosed a triangular-shaped superior sagittal sinus superiorly. Right Cerebral Hemisphere Left Cerebral Hemisphere Left Cerebral Hemisphere Right Cerebral Hemisphere Falx Cerebri
- 15.
- 16. VENOUS SINUSES ENCLOSEDIN THE FALX CEREBRI 1. Superior Sagittal Sinus. 2. Inferior Sagittal Sinus. 3. Straight Sinus. Superior Sagittal Sinus- It is enclosed within the convex upper border. Inferior Sagittal Sinus- It is enclosed within the concave lower border. Straight Sinus- Inferior Sagittal Sinus
- 17.
- 18. TENTORIUM CEREBELLI Tent-shaped fold. Forms theroof of posterior cranial fossa. Tentorium Cerebelli Tentoriu m Cerebelli
- 19. TENTORIUM CEREBELLI contd… Extendsinward between the cerebellum below and occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres above. Divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments. Cerebellu m Occipital lobe Occipital lobe
- 20. TENTORIUM CEREBELLI contd… Ithas 2 margins: - free margin. - attached margin. Free Margin- •It is ‘U’ shaped. • It encloses the tentorial notch. • Midbrain is present in the tentorial notch (tentorial incisure ). • Anterior ends of this margin are attached to the anterior Anterio r Clinoid Processes
- 21. TENTORIUM CEREBELLI contd… Attached Margin- •Itis convex. •It is attached on each side (from before backwards) to the: •Posterior Clinoid process. •Superior border of petrous part of temporal bone. •Posteroinferior angle of parietal bone. •Lips of transverse sulcus of occipital bone.
- 22. TENTORIUM CEREBELLI contd… Ithas 2 surfaces: • Upper. • Lower. Upper Surface- • It is convex. • It is sloping from median plane. • In the median plane it provides attachment to Falx Cerebri. Lower Surface- • It is concave. • It provides attachment to Falx Cerebelli in the posterior part. Tentoriu m Cerebelli
- 23. VENOUS SINUSES ENCLOSEDIN THE TENTORIUM CEREBELLI Transverse sinus Superior Petrosal Sinus. Straight Sinus. Transverse sinus It is enclosed within the posterior part of attached margin. Superior Petrosal Sinus- It is enclosed within the anterolateral part of attached margin. Straight Sinus- It lies along the line of attachment between Falx
- 24. FALX CEREBELLI Small sickle-shaped foldin the sagittal plane. Projects forwards into the posterior cerebellar notch. It has 2 margins: • Anterior. • Posterior. Anterior Margin- It is free and concave. Posterior Margin- It is convex. It is attached to: •Internal occipital protuberance. • Internal occipital crest. • Posterior margin of Foramen Magnum. Falx Cerebelli Posterior Cerebellar Notch Foramen Magnum
- 25. VENOUS SINUSES ENCLOSEDIN THE FALX CEREBELLI Occipital Sinus- •It lies along the posterior margin. Occipital Sinus
- 26. DIAPHRAGMA SELLAE Small, circular andhorizontal fold. It forms the roof of hypophyseal fossa. Attachments- Anteriorly- • To the Tuberculum sellae. Posteriorly- • To the Dorsum sellae. It has a central aperture for the passage of stalk of Pituitary