Uploaded byMr. Mata Deen
Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is a heart condition characterized by chest pain due to insufficient oxygenation of the heart muscles, affecting around 10 million people in the US. The document outlines types, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, complications, prevention strategies, and medical management of the condition, emphasizing lifestyle changes and medication. Additionally, it highlights research linking sleep patterns to cardiovascular health.
In this document
Powered by AI
Presentation on Angina Pectoris by Mr. Abhay Rajpoot, M.Sc. Nursing final year.
Angina marked by chest pain or discomfort due to oxygen deficiency caused by impaired heart blood flow.
10 million people in the US suffer from angina; 500,000 new stable angina cases annually according to Framingham.
Discussion of four types: Stable Angina, Unstable Angina, Variant Angina Pectoris, Nocturnal Angina.
Modifiable risks: tobacco use, high cholesterol, obesity, stress; nonmodifiable risks: family history, age, diabetes.
Causes include atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease from factors like smoking, obesity, and lifestyle.
Discussion on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of angina (content not provided).
Symptoms include chest pain, ischemia, low cardiac output, myocardial infarction signs, and ECG changes.
Respiratory symptoms include shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, chest heaviness, and fatigue.
Other symptoms include decreased urinary output, gastrointestinal issues, and skin appearance changes.
Evaluation methods: Physical exam, history collection, stress test, chest X-ray, ECG, Echocardiogram, angiogram.
Potential complications: heart attack, heart failure, and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia).
Prevention strategies include quitting smoking, managing health conditions, healthy diet, and exercise.
Medications include vasodilators (nitrates), beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, anticoagulants, and antihypertensives.
Surgical options: angioplasty with stent placement, coronary artery bypass surgery.
Roles include educating about procedures, identifying modifiable risks, and promoting dietary changes.
Diagnoses include impaired gas exchange, acute pain, and knowledge deficit related to angina.
Study finds sleep duration impact on coronary heart disease risk; too little or too much sleep increases risk.
References include textbooks and reputable health websites related to medical-surgical nursing.
More Related Content
More from Mr. Mata Deen
Angina Pectoris
- 1. ANGINA PECTORIS PRESENTED BY MR.ABHAY RAJPOOT M.SC.NURSING FINAL YEAR
- 2. DEFINITION A disease markedby brief sudden attacks of chest pain or discomfort caused by deficient oxygenation of the heart muscles usually due to impaired blood flow to the heart.
- 3. INCIDENCE: An estimated 10million people in the US suffer from angina. According to the Framingham Heart Study, an estimated 500,000 new cases of stable angina occur each year.
- 4. TYPES: Stable Angina Unstable Angina Variant Angina Pectoris Nocturnal Angina Pectoris
- 5. RISK FACTORS: MODIFIABLE RISKFACTORS: Tobacco use High blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels Lack of exercise Obesity Stress NONMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: Family history of heart disease Older age Diabetes High blood pressure
- 6. CAUSES Development of atherosclerosis; Coronaryartery disease is thought to begin with damage or injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery, sometimes as early as childhood. The damage may be caused by various factors, including: Smoking High blood pressure High cholesterol Diabetes or insulin resistance Sedentary lifestyle
- 7.
- 8. SYMPTOMS: CARDIOVASCULAR- Angina pectoris-it is sensation of chest pain , pressure or squeezing often due to insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle as a result of obstruction. Ischemia- Ischemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellula. Low cardiac output- Chest pain –chest pain occurs suddenly , severe immobilizing chest pain that not relieved by rest , position change and medications. Decrease pulse rate. BP may be elevated beacuase of sympathetic stimulation or decreased BP because of decreased contractility, development if cargiogenic shock . Myocardial infarction- when the blood flow decreases or stop to apart of the heart , causing damage to the heart muscle. Diaphoresis –excessive sweating ECG changes – ST segment and T wave changes, also show tachycardia, bradcardia, or dysrhythimas. Dysarrithmias
- 9. CONTI… RESPIRATORY- Shortness ofbreath. Pulmonary edema Chest heaviness Dyspnea- difficulity of brathing Fatigue
- 10. CONTI…. Genitourinary-Decreased UrinaryOutput May Indicate Cardiogenic Shock. Gastrointestinal- Nausea And Vomiting Skin- Cool, Clammy ,Diaphoretic , And Pale Appearance On Skin
- 11. DIAGNPOSTIC EVALUATION PhysicalExamination History collection Stress test
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
- 16. COMPLICATIONS: Heart attack Heart failure Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
- 17. PREVENTION: Quitting smoking Monitoring and controlling other health conditions, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes Eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight Increasing physical activity. Aim for 150 minutes of moderate activity each week. Plus, it's recommended that person get 10 minutes of strength training twice a week and to stretch three times a week for 5 to 10 minutes each time. Reducing your stress level Limit alcohol consumption to two drinks or fewer a day for men, and one drink a day or less for women. Get an annual flu shot to avoid heart complications from the virus
- 18. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Various drugscan be used to treat coronary artery disease, including: Vasodilators (These drugs acts as blood vessel dilator): • Nitrates Beta-Blockers (Decrease work load in heart): • Propranolol 20-40 mg Calcium channel blocker (They improve coronary blood flow): • Nifedipine • Verapamil
- 19. CONTI…. Anticoagulant Drugs: Heparin Opiate Analgesic (For reduce pain) Morphine sulphate Thrombolytic Drugs: Streptokinase,Urokinase
- 20. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICINES- Methydopa- This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Methyldopa works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Sodium nitroprusside- It is used for lowering the blood pressure. Amlodipine- Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Dose-10 mg,20 mg.
- 21. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Angioplastyand stent placement (percutaneous coronary revascularization):
- 22. Coronary artery bypasssurgery:
- 23. NURSING MANAGEMENT Instructthe client regarding the purpose of diagnostic medical & surgical procedures and the pre- & post procedure expectations. Assist the client to identify risk factors that can be modified, and set goals that will promote change in lifestyle to reduce the impact of risk factors. Instruct client regarding a low-calorie, low-sodium, low-cholesterol, low-fat diet with a increase in dietary fiber. Stress that dietary changes are not temporary and must be maintained for life. Provide community resources to client regarding exercise, smoking cessation and stress reduction.
- 24. NURSING DIAGNOSIS Impairedgas exchange related to decreased blood flow as evidenced by breathlessness Acute pain related to disease condition as evidenced by patient verbalization Impaired physical mobility related to weakness as evidenced by patient is unable to perform daily activity. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to less intake of food as evidenced by weight loss Disturbed sleep pattern related to hospitalization as evidenced by patient verbalization Anxiety related to hospitalization as evidenced by patient asking too many question. Knowledge deficit related to disease process and treatment as evidenced by patient is having many doubts
- 25. RESEARCH STUDY Sleeping lessthan four hours or more than eight hours a night increases the risk of dying from some types of coronary heart disease, such as heart attacks and unstable angina pectoris, according to a study by Norwegian and Taiwanese researchers. "This is the single largest study that has looked at how sleep duration affects the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. Our results show that enough, but not too much sleep is important for a healthy lifestyle," says first author and postdoctoral fellow Linn Beate Strand at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Department of Public Health and General Practice.
- 26. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Black M.joyce, Hwks hokanson jane,medical surgical nursing.8th edition. volume 2. New delhi ;Reed elsevier india private limited:2009.p1411-1426. Suddarth’s and brunner, Hinkle L.Janice, Cheever H.Kerry. text book of medical surgical nursing.13th edition . volume 1.New delhi: wolters kluwer india Pvt ltd ;2014.p729-759. Chugh N S . text book of medical surgical nursing .volume 1.delhi;avichal publisher company:2013.p303-310. https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-coronary- artery-disease#1 http://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is- cardiovascular-disease/coronary-artery-disease https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/coronary-heart-disease https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/coronary-heart-disease https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery- disease