Downloaded 49 times
Uploaded byArsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
Antiasthmatic Drugs
This document provides information on antiasthmatic drugs. It begins with definitions of asthma and antiasthmatics. It then classifies antiasthmatics and describes various drug classes and examples, including bronchodilators like salbutamol, methylxanthines like theophylline, anticholinergics like ipratropium bromide, leukotriene antagonists like montelukast, mast cell stabilizers like sodium cromoglycate, and anti-inflammatory agents like inhaled corticosteroids beclomethasone dipropionate. For each drug, it discusses mechanisms of action and provides dosage guidelines.
In this document
Powered by AI
Overview of antiasthmatics and presenter information.
Asthma definition involves airway responsiveness and drug usage for treatment. Classification of antiasthmatics is introduced.
Introduction to bronchodilators used in asthma, classified into beta 2 sympathomimetics, methylxanthines, and anticholinergics.
Discussion on beta 2 sympathomimetics, their receptors, functions, and various agents for asthma treatment.
Classification of beta 2 sympathomimetics into selective and non-selective agents for asthma management.
Details on Salbutamol as a selective β2 agonist, including its mechanism, doses for different age groups, and indications.
Ephedrine as a non-selective adrenergic agent for asthma, including its mechanism and dosage.
Methylxanthine drugs like Theophylline used in asthma, including their mechanism, benefits, and dosing information.
Anticholinergic agents used in asthma treatment, including Ipratropium bromide and their mechanisms of action and dosage.
Introduction to leukotriene antagonists, particularly Montelukast, as a treatment option for asthma.
Mast cell stabilizers and their role in preventing allergic reactions, with Sodium cromoglycate as an example.
Introduction to anti-inflammatory agents categorized into systemic and inhalational corticosteroids for asthma management.
Corticosteroids for asthma treatment focusing on their anti-inflammatory properties, specific drugs, and dosing.
Inhalational corticosteroids like Beclomethasone for asthma, their mechanisms, dosages, and indications.Omalizumab as a monoclonal antibody treatment for allergic asthma, including its mechanism and indications.
Nurses' key responsibilities in patient assessment, drug administration, and symptom relief.
Essential patient education on medication adherence, inhaler use, and health maintenance strategies.
Presentation conclusion with thanks to the audience.
More Related Content
Similar to Antiasthmatic Drugs
More from Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
Antiasthmatic Drugs
- 1. ANTI ASTHMATICS PREPARED BY: USHA RANIKANDULA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING, ARSI UNIVERSITY,ASELLA,ETHIOPIA, SOUTH EAST AFRICA.
- 2. DEFINITION Asthma ischaracterized by increased responsiveness of trachea and bronchi to various stimuli and by narrowing of the airways. Antiasthmatic are drugs used to treat asthmatic conditions.
- 3.
- 4. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI ASTHMATICS Bronchodilators Leukotriene antagonists Mast cell stabilizers Anti-inflammatory agents Anti-IgE antibody
- 5.
- 6. Bronchodilators These arethe drugs used in bronchial asthma and relax the spasm of bronchi by sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
- 7. Bronchodilators Classified as– Beta 2 sympathomimetics Methylxanthines Anticholinergics
- 8. Beta 2 Symapathomimetics The Symapathomimetic drugs, whose mimic that of sympathetic stimulation. The Symapathomimetic agents or beta - adrenergic receptor agonists are widely used for treatment of asthma.
- 9. There aretwo type of receptors- beta 1 and beta 2. The beta 1 adrenergic receptors are present in the heart and beta 2 receptors are present in lungs.
- 10. By stimulationof beta 2 adrenergic receptors these agents ; relax bronchial muscles, inhibit the release of mediators from mast cells, enhance mucociliary activity and effect composition of mucus.
- 11. So whenbeta- adrenergic receptor agonists are administered, adverse effects are caused by stimulation of beta-1 receptors in heart, which cause cardiac stimulation.
- 12. Thus, nowdrugs having greater affinity to beta 2 adrenergic receptors has been developed.
- 13. Adenergic thateffect the primarily beta 2 adrenergic receptors are called selective beta 2 adrenergic agonists. But selectivity is lost at sufficiently high concentration of these drugs.
- 14.
- 15. Beta 2 sympathomimetics Terbutaline Salbutamol salmetrol
- 16. Beta 2 sympathomimetics Beta 2 sympathomimetic agents are classified under 2 broad categories. i.e. 1.catecholamines 2. noncatecholamines
- 17. For thepurpose of simplify the understanding , the important beta 2 sympathomimetic drugs are discussed under 1.selective beta 2 receptor agonist and 2.non-selective beta 2 receptor agonist categories.
- 18. CLASSIFICATION OF SYMPATHOMIMETICS 1. SELECTIVELYBETA 2 RECEPTOR AGONIST 2. NON-SELECTIVELY BETA 2 RECEPTOR AGONIST
- 19. SELECTIVELY BETA 2 RECEPTORAGONIST
- 20. Selectively beta 2receptor agonist Salbutamol ( albuterol ) : It is a short acting beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD.
- 21. Salbutamol MOA Airwaysmooth muscle has little sympathetic nervous supply but contain lots of beta 2 adrenoreceptors that respond to circulating adrenaline.
- 22. Con------------- The stimulationof beta 2 receptors leads to rise in intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the subsequent bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
- 23. Dose Oral (children ) 2-6 years: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose three times / day , maximum does not exceed 12 mg/day ( divided doses)
- 24. 6-12 years: 2mg/dose 3-4 times/day; maximum does not exceed 24 mg/day (divided doses) Extended release : 4 mg every 12 hours ; maximum dose not to exceed 24 mg/day ( divided doses).
- 25. Above 12 yearsand adults 2-4 mg 3-4 times /day, not to exceed 32 mg/day Extended release : 8 mg every 12 hours , not to exceed 32 mg /day Elderly : 2 mg 3-4 times/day, maximum 8 mg 4 times/day.
- 26. Nebulization Children: >2-12 years : 0.63-1.25 mg every 4-6 hours . Children 4 years : - quick relief : 0.63-2.5 mg every 4- 6 hours. Exacerbation of asthma : 0.15 mg/kg every 20 min for 3 doses.
- 27. Children 5-11 years Quick relief: 1.25-5mg every 4-8 hours Exacerbation of asthma : 0.15mg/kg every 20 min 3 times.
- 28. Above 12 yearsand adults Quick relief : 1.25-5mg every 20 min for 3 doses Continuous infusion : Adults : severe bronchospasm and status asthmaticus .
- 29. Indications Asthma COPD Exercise induced bronchospasm
- 30. II. NON-SELECTIVE BETA2 RECEPTOR AGONIST
- 31. II. NON-selective beta2 receptor agonist Ephedrine Ephedrine (EPH) is a sympathomimetic amine used as a stimulant, decongestant, treating allergic asthma and bronchodilator.
- 32. Ephedrine MOA Ephedrinereleases tissue stores of norepinephrine and there by produces an alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation , longer acting and less potent than epinephrine.
- 33. Dose Children :oral, 3mg /kg/day IM , slow IV push : 0.2-0.3 mg/kg Adults : oral : 25-50 mg every 3-4 hours Sc:25-50 mg IV: 5-25mg/dose slow IV push
- 34. Indications Treatment ofbronchial asthma and bronchospasm
- 35.
- 36. Methylxanthines Theophylline Aminophylline Hydroxyethyl theophylline
- 37. Theophylline Theophylline ,known as dimethylxanthine drug used for COPD or asthma.
- 38. Theophylline MOA Itcauses bronchodilatation, which increase tissue concentrations of cAMP, (cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) which in turn promotes catecholamine of lipolysis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and induces release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla cells.
- 39. Dosage Adult minimum/ maximum dose : 6.0 mg/kg /24.0 mg/kg Paediatric minimum / maximum dose : 2.0mg/kg/24.0mg/kg
- 40.
- 41. An anticholinergic agent isa substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system.
- 42. Anticholinergic drugs Ipratropiumbromide Tiotropium bromide
- 43. Ipratropium bromide -Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic drug, - chemically related to atropine.
- 44. Ipratropium bromide MOA It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, Resulting in a decrease in the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This results in decreased contractility of smooth muscle.
- 45. Dosage 1.Aerosol /inhalation two inhalations four times daily . Do not exceed 12 inhalations in 24 hours. Spray 0.03 formulation :2 sprays per nostril 3 or 4 times daily.
- 46. Indications In thetreatment of obstructive lung diseases. The management of COPD and asthma. To reduce rhinorrhea .
- 47.
- 48. Leukotrienes Leukotrienes areinflammatory chemicals the body releases after coming in contact with an allergen or allergy trigger.
- 49. Leukotriene antagonists Montelukast Zafirlukast
- 50. Montelukast A leukotrieneantagonist is a drug that inhibits leukotrienes.
- 51. Montelukast MOA Thatinhibits the cysteinyl leukotrine receptor .
- 52. Dosage Oral (children ) 6-11 months : Asthma : 4mg once daily 6-23 months : allergic rhinitis : 4mg once daily 12-23 months : Asthma : 4 mg once daily.
- 53. 6-14 years: Asthma, allergic rhinitis : 5mg , once daily Above 15 and adults : Asthma or allergic rhinitis : 10 mg/day Asthma, acute : 10 mg a single dose Bronchoconstriction, exercise induced asthma : 10 mg at least 2 hours prior.
- 54.
- 55. MAST CELL Amast cell is a type of white blood cell and part of immune and neuroimmune syste mcontains histamine .
- 56. Mast cell stabilizers Mast cell stabilizers are used to prevent or control allergic disorders. They block a calcium channel essential for mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell .
- 57. So preventthe release of histamine and related mediators.
- 58. Mast cell stabilizers Sodium cromoglycate Ketotifen
- 59. Sodium cromoglycate Cromoglicicacid is a mast cell stabilizer. This drug prevent the release of inflammatory chemicals as histamine from mast cells.
- 60. Sodium cromoglycate MOA It prevents the release of mediators that attract inflammatory cells And because it stabilizes the inflammatory cells.
- 61. Dosage One sterule4 times daily at 4-6 hourly intervals.
- 62. Indications To treatallergic rhinitis Asthma Allergic conjunctivitis Food allergies
- 63.
- 64. Anti-inflammatory agents Classified as– Systemic corticosteroids Inhalational corticosteroids
- 65.
- 66. corticosteroids Corticosteroids areone of the type of steroids. It is used in the treatment of the asthma is called glucocorticosteroid .
- 67. They workby suppressing the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi.
- 68. Systemic corticosteroids Hydrocortisone Prednisolone
- 69. Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone isa natural corticosteroid produced by the adrenal glands located adjacent to the kidneys.
- 70. Hydrocortisone MOA Hydrocortisonedecreases inflammation by migration of leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability.
- 71. Dosage Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive(infants and children): Oral : 2.5-10mg/kg/day IM, IV : 1-5 mg/kg/day Adolescents and adults : oral, IM,IV:15-240 mg every 12 hours.
- 72. Status asthmaticus( children and adults ) : IV : 1-2 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours for 24 hours, Then maintenance of 0.5-1 mg/kg every 6 hours.
- 73. Indications Adrenocortical insufficiency Diseases of allergic, inflammatory or autoimmune origin.
- 74.
- 75. Beclomethasone ( inhaled) Inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred treatment for long-term control of mild, moderate, severe asthma symptoms in children, teen and adults.
- 76. They helpcontrol narrowing and inflammation in the bronchial tubes. Beclomethasone dipropionate , also referred to as beclomethasone, is a potent glucocorticoid steroid.
- 77. In theform of an inhaler , it is used for the prophylaxis of asthma. As a nasal spray , it is used for the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis.
- 78. Beclomethasone MOA Controlsthe rate of protein synthesis and depresses the migration of leukocytes,fibroblasts.
- 79. It alsoreverses capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization at the cellular level to prevent or control inflammation.
- 80. Dose Inhalation, nasal Rhinitis, nasal polyps Children > 6 yrs and adults : 1-2 inhalations each nostril twice daily.
- 81. Indications Oral inhalation: Asthma Nasal aerosol : rhinitis and nasal polyps following surgery.
- 82. Anti-IgE antibody Omalizumab: is a monoclonal antibody targeting the high – affinity receptor binding site on human immunoglobulin IgE.
- 83. It reducesthe severity of exacerbations (increase in the severity of a disease) -and reduce medication use and improve rhinitis related quality of life.
- 84. Omalizumab MOA Omalizumab isan IgG monoclonal antibody , which inhibits IgE binding to the high affinity IgE receptor on mast cells and basophils.
- 85. By decreasingbound IgE, the activation and release of mediators in the allergic response is limited.
- 86.
- 87.
- 88. NURSES RESPONSIBILITIES Assessthe patient -------- Proper method of drug intake Relieveing of symptoms Effectiveness of drugs Hypersensitivity of the drugs
- 89.
- 90. Patient education Usedrugs exactly as directed Do not take more than recommended dosage Instruct patient on proper use of inhaler How to insert drug into the inhaler
- 91. Con------- Inhalational devicesrequire regular cleaning. Do not stop other asthma medications unless adviced by the prescriber. Inform the complications.
- 92.