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Antigens and antibodies
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- 2. Antigen • An antigenis any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. • An antigen may be a foreign substance from the environment such as chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or pollen. (Exogenous) • An antigen may also be formed within the body, as with bacterial toxins or tissue cells. (Endogenous) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002224.htm
- 3. • Antigens aremacromolecules that elicit an immune response in the body. Antigens can be • Proteins • Polysaccharides • Conjugates of proteins and polysaccharides • Conjugates of lipids with – proteins (lipoproteins) – polysaccharides (glycolipids). http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AntigenPresentation.html
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- 6. Antibodies • An antibodyis a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Examples of antigens include microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) and chemicals. • Antibodies are also produced when the immune system mistakenly considers healthy tissue a harmful substance. (Autoimmune disorders) • Each type of antibody is unique and defends the body against one specific type of antigen. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002223.htm
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Editor's Notes
- #4 Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. Glycoproteins are often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell–cell interactions.