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![• F41 Other anxiety disorders
• F41.0 Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
• .00 Moderate
• .01 Severe
• F41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder
• F41.2 Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
• F41.3 Other mixed anxiety disorders
• F41.8 Other specified anxiety disorders
• F41.9 Anxiety disorder, unspecified](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anxietydisorders-130601103312-phpapp02/85/Anxiety-disorders-12-320.jpg)
![• F41 Other anxiety disorders
• F41.0 Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
• .00 Moderate
• .01 Severe
• F41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder
• F41.2 Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
• F41.3 Other mixed anxiety disorders
• F41.8 Other specified anxiety disorders
• F41.9 Anxiety disorder, unspecified](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anxietydisorders-130601103312-phpapp02/75/Anxiety-disorders-12-2048.jpg)
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Anxiety disorders
This document provides an overview of anxiety disorders, including their symptoms, causes, diagnostic criteria and treatment. It describes how anxiety is a normal emotion but also becomes a clinical disorder when excessive and interfering. The core symptoms of fear and worry are present across different anxiety disorders. Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to development of disorders. Common types include specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Effective treatment usually involves a combination of medication like SSRIs to increase serotonin levels along with psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Anxiety is a common reaction characterized by fear, worry, and physical symptoms. Core symptoms stem from biological and psychosocial factors.
Anxiety is a common reaction characterized by fear, worry, and physical symptoms. Core symptoms stem from biological and psychosocial factors.
Different types of anxiety disorders (e.g., panic, social phobia) with criteria from ICD-10 classification.
Specific phobias involve irrational fears leading to avoidance behaviors, affecting daily functioning.
Social phobia is a fear causing physical anxiety in social situations, leading to avoidance and distress.
Panic disorder features recurrent panic attacks with symptoms of severe anxiety and anticipatory dread.
OCD includes obsessions and compulsions causing significant distress, characterized by irrational thoughts.
Effective management of anxiety disorders often combines medication and psychological therapies for best outcomes.
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Anxiety disorders
- 2. Anxiety… • Is ita normal emotion? • Reaction to stress/ threat events • Physical symptoms of anxiety? – Tremor – Sweating – Palpitations – … • Mental symptoms of anxiety? – Worry – Can’t relax – Easily startled – ..
- 8. • Anxiety: thephenotype. • Anxiety can be deconstructed, or broken down, into the two core symptoms of fear and worry. • These symptoms are present in all anxiety disorders, although what triggers them may differ from one disorder to the next.
- 9. Aetiology? • Often dueto an interaction of biological and psychosocial factors: • Genetic vulnerability + past trauma + current stress… • In the CNS: anxiety is medicated by NT serotonin and noradrenaline • Peripherally, the symptoms of anxiety are medicated by the autonomic nervous system (esp sympathetic system)
- 10. • When doesanxiety become a disorder? • Types of anxiety disorders? – Specific phobias – Social phobia – Panic disorder – Generalized anxiety disorder – Obsessive compulsive disorder – ….and others.
- 11. Diagnostic criteria ICD-10 •F40 Phobic anxiety disorders • F40.0 Agoraphobia • .00 Without panic disorder • .01 With panic disorder • F40.1 Social phobias • F40.2 Specific (isolated) phobias • F40.8 Other phobic anxiety disorders • F40.9 Phobic anxiety disorder, unspecified
- 12. • F41 Otheranxiety disorders • F41.0 Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety] • .00 Moderate • .01 Severe • F41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder • F41.2 Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder • F41.3 Other mixed anxiety disorders • F41.8 Other specified anxiety disorders • F41.9 Anxiety disorder, unspecified
- 14. Specific phobias… • Astrong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger.
- 15. ICD diagnostic criteriafor specific phobia… • The psychological or autonomic symptoms must be due to anxiety (not secondary to other symptoms such as delusions or obsessions) • The anxiety must be restricted to the presence of the particular object or situation • Phobic situation is avoided whenever possible
- 16. Social phobia • “Inany social situation, I feel fear. …..I feel anxious before I even leave the house, and it becomes worse as I get closer to a class, a party, or whatever. I feel sick in my stomach- it almost felt like I had the flu. My heart pounds, my palms get sweaty.”
- 17. ICD criteria todiagnose social phobia… • All the symptoms are primarily due to anxiety • The anxiety is restricted to (or mostly seen in) particular social situations • These social situations are avoided as far as possible
- 18. Panic disorder • “Forme, a panic attack is almost a violent experience. I feel like I’m losing control. My heart pounds really hard, I feel like I can’t get my breath, and there’s an overwhelming feeling that things are crashing in on me. • ….It started 10 years ago. I was sitting in my room and this thing came out of the blue. I felt like I was dying. • ….In between attacks there is this dread and anxiety that it’s going to happen again. I’m afraid to go back to places where I’ve had an attack”.
- 19. Panic disorder…diagnosis: 1. Several‘attacks’ of anxiety should have occurred during one month 2. The panic attacks occur when there is no objective danger 3. Not confined to any particular situation 4. In-between attacks, there is comparative freedom from anxiety (though pt often has anticipatory anxiety
- 20. OCD- diagnostic criteria 1.Obsessional thoughts or compulsive acts 2. for at least 2 weeks 3. Symptoms cause distress or interfere with activities 4. The obsessional thoughts are i. Recognized to be the person’s own thoughts or impulses ii. At least one thought or impulse must be resisted iii. The thought of carrying out the act itself must not be pleasurable iv. The thoughts, images or impulses are unpleasantly repetitive
- 21. Obsessive compulsive disorder “Gettingdressed in the morning was tough, because I had a long routine. If I didn’t follow the routine, I’d get anxious and would have to get dressed again. I worried that if I didn’t follow the routine, my parents were going to die. This was completely irrational, but the thoughts caused me lots of anxiety. Because of the time I spent on rituals, I was unable to do a lot of things that were important to me.” Males = females Onset: often childhood or early adult life
- 22. Management of anxietydisorders- overview • Often best management: Combination of medication + Psychological therapy
- 23. Medication used foranxiety? • Anxiolytics: usually medication that increases serotonin levels E.g. SSRI Some TCAs, e.g.Clomipramine Venlafaxine
- 24. Psychological therapies foranxiety disorders… • Different types of therapies for different disorders • Basic relaxation strategies maybe helpful in general e.g. – Deep breathing – Progressive muscle relaxation • More specific therapies: – OCD: Cognitive behaviour therapy – Behaviour therapy