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Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is a rare blood disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new blood cells, leading to anemia, low white blood cell count, and low platelet count. It can be inherited or acquired due to exposure to toxins, medications, viruses, or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms include fatigue, bruising, and increased risk of infection. Treatment involves blood transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs, bone marrow transplant, or growth factors to stimulate blood cell production.
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Introduction to Aplastic Anemia, a serious blood disorder impacting red blood cell production.
Outline of contents for the presentation.
Introduction to the subject of aplastic anemia.
Illustration of bone marrow, critical for understanding aplastic anemia.
Discussion of various causes leading to aplastic anemia.
Depicting viruses like Epstein Barr and Parovirus related to aplastic anemia.
Statistical data relevant to aplastic anemia incidences and prevalence.
Identification of notable symptoms associated with the disorder.
Visual representations of symptoms, such as red spots and bruises.
Lab diagnostics including CBC results, reticulocyte counts, and tests for vitamin levels.
Overview of treatment options like stem cell transplant, blood transfusions, and antiviral medications.
Recommendations to avoid exposure to harmful substances to prevent aplastic anemia.
Conclusion on aplastic anemia's seriousness and treatment advice.
Detailed case study of a 46-year-old male with hepatitis C and symptoms linked to aplastic anemia.
Physical examination results indicating signs of hypoxia and bleeding disorders.
Bone marrow biopsy image showing absence of hematopoietic tissue.
Details on treatment involving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppressives.
List of references used for compiling information on aplastic anemia.
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Aplastic anemia
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- 8. Figure 2:Epstein Barrvirus Figure 3: Parovirus
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- 12. Figure 4:Red spotsFigure 5:Bruise
- 13. LAB DIAGNOSIS 1. Completeblood count (CBC) (a) low RBC, WBC, platelets (b) low Hb and Ht level 2. Reticulocyte count COMPONENT NORMAL VALUE MALE FEMALE RBC 4.7 – 6.1 mil cell/mcL 4.2 – 5.4 mil cell/mcL Hemoglobin 13.8 – 17.2 gm/dL 12.1 – 15.1 gm/dL Hematocrit 40.7 – 50.3 36.1 – 44.3 WBC 4500 – 10 000 cell/mcL Platelet 150 000 - 400 000 /mcL Reticulocyte 0.5 – 1.5%
- 14. 3. Bone marrowtest (a) BM aspiration (fluid) (b) BM biopsy (tissue) 4. Antibody test 5. Other test a) Vitamin B12 & folate test b) Liver test & viral test c) X-ray, CT scan d) ultrasound imaging test Figure 6: BM Biopsy
- 15. TREATMENT 1. Stem celltransplant 2. Immunosuppressant 3. Blood transfusion 4. Bone marrow stimulant 5. Antibiotics & antiviral Figure 7:Blood transfusion
- 16. PREVENTION Avoid exposure to: a)Insecticide b) Herbicides c) Organic solvents d) Toxic chemical Figure 8: Exposure to herbicides
- 17. CONCLUSION Aplastic anemia -blood disorder that can be inherited or acquired Serious problem - no enough oxygen supply in body - infection Treatment - medications, stem cell transplant & blood transfusion Patients are advised to: a)Take good rest when needed b)Avoid contact sports c)Be hygienic
- 18. CASE STUDY 1. Patient’sDetail 46 years old male Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Combination treatment of PEG-IFN-a 2a (180 μg, weekly) and ribavirin (1200 mg/day) was commenced for a period of 48 weeks 2. Symptoms Bleeding tendency Unexplained fatigue of recent onset
- 19. 3. Physical Examination Generalized purpura and bruising, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes The patient’s liver, spleen and lymph nodes- not enlarged
- 20. Figure 9: Abone marrow biopsy showing the absence of hematopoietic tissue and its replacement with fat.
- 21. 4. TREATMENT Allogeneicbone marrow transplantation after completing two courses of immunosuppressive. Therapy with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A.
- 22. REFERENCES Anonymous, (2012),What is aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/risk -factors Anonymous, (2012), Diagnosis of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics.html Anonymous, (2013), Aplastic anemia-info, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.bodyandhealth.canada.com Anonymous, (2005), Causes of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.childrenhospital.org David C., (2012), Idiopathic-aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.health.nytimes.com/health/guides.html
- 23. Anonymous, (2008),Aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.uth.tmc.edu/pathology/medic.html Anonymous, (2012), Statistics of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.aamds.org Anonymous, (2012), diagnosis, viewed on 8th February 2013, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aplastic/ Anonymous, (2013), bone marrow biopsy, prevention, viewed on 8th February 2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM01819 Anonymous, (2011), CBC, viewed on 8th February 2013, http://www.aamds.org/about/blood-and-bone-marrow-basics/CBC
- 24. Anonymous, (2013),treatment, prevention, viewed on 8th February 2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/aplastic-anemia/DS00322 Anonymous, (2011), treatment, viewed on 8th February 2013, http://www.aamds.org/about/aplastic-anemia Ioannou, S., Hatzis, G., Vlahadami, I., Voulgarelis, M.(2010),Aplastic anemia associated with interferon alpha 2a in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 4(268)