Application of remote sensing
- 2. Table of contents ļµ Introduction ļµ Land cover and land use ļµ Agriculture ļµ Forestry ļµ Geology ļµ Geomorphology ļµ Urban application ļµ Hydrology ļµ Mapping ļµ Ocean and coastal monitoring 2
- 3. Introduction ļµ Remote sensing is a versatile field. ļµ Can be used in various field such as agriculture, geology, oceanography, etc. ļµ Some areas of application include ļ§ Landcover and landuse ļ§ Agriculture ļ§ Forestry ļ§ Geology ļ§ Geomorphology ļ§ Urban applications ļ§ Hydrology ļ§ Mapping ļ§ Ocean and coastal monitoring 3
- 4. Land cover and land use ļµ Land cover: physical condition of ground surface ļµ Land use: human employment of land ļµ Land use/land cover change: ļ§ urban encroachment over agriculture/forest land. ļ§ Change in land use from rural to urban is monitored to estimate populations and sustainable planning. ļ§ High resolution imageries can be used to estimate housing density. ļ§ Analysis agriculture vs urban land use ļ§ Can be used to identify building and violation 4
- 5. ļµ Land cover mapping: ļµ Basic inventory for all levels of government. ļµ Includes ice cover, snow, biomass mapping, etc. ļµ Biomass mapping includes leaf area index (LAI) which denotes health of forest. ļµ LAI= ā š”šš”šš šššš šš šššš£šš š”šš”šš š š¢ššššš šššš šššš”šššššš š”āš š£šššš”šš”ššš ļµ LAI is dependent on reflectance . Near IR reflectance increase with LAI ļµ RS sensors capture changes in plant phenology by identifying changes in chlorophyll content. 5 1 2
- 6. Agriculture ļµ Plays a dominant role in economy ļµ RS aids in understanding health of crop, extent of infestation and potential yields ļµ RS does not replace field work but directs farmers to the areas in need of immediate attention ļµ Air borne images can be used to examine crop health and viability. ļµ RS gives synoptic view, provides information on health of vegetation through spectral reflectance 6
- 7. ļµ Crop monitoring and crop assessment: ļ§ RS imagery is done at a frequent basis. ļ§ Growth differences are spotted ļ§ Helps to identify areas of stunted growth ļ§ Reduces input costs ļ§ Not only detects problems but also monitors success of the treatment. 7
- 8. Forestry ļµ Introduction ļµ Commercial and non commercial forests ļµ Causes of forest depletion (Natural and human activities) ļµ Traditional analysis of forests ļµ Use of remote sensing in forestry 8
- 9. Remote sensing application in forestry include the following: ļ Reconnaissance mapping: ļ§ Collecting information (forest cover updating, depletion, biophysical properties of forest stand) ļ§ Forest cover type classification (usually done by Landsat TM FCC) ļ§ Agroforestry mapping ļ§ Commercial forestry: ļ§ Collecting information( harvesting, timber supply, forest type, vegetation density and biomass measurement) ļ§ Clear cut mapping ļ§ Burn delineation ļ§ Forest inventory ļ§ Biomass estimation ļ§ Species inventory 9
- 10. ļµ Environmental mapping: ļ§ Concerned with monitoring the quantity, health, and diversity of the earthās forests ļ§ Deforestation ļ§ Species inventory ļ§ Watershed protection ļ§ Coastal protection ļ§ Forest health 10
- 11. Clear cut mapping and deforestation ļ Multi temporal data provides for change detection analysis. ļ Normal image analysis ļ Radar image analysis 11
- 13. Fire detection ļ Detect and monitor forest fire ļ Thermal and meteorological data can be used when optical sensors are hindered by smoke or darkness 13
- 14. Geology ļµ Mapping of surficial deposit/bed rock ļµ Lithological mapping ļµ Structural mapping ļµ Mineral exploration ļµ Environmental geology ļµ Geo hazard mapping 14
- 15. Structural mapping and terrain analysis 15
- 16. Geomorphology ļµ Introduction: It is the study of shape or configuration of earths solid surface above and below ocean level, involving the classification of landforms and the process by which they develop. ļµ Application of RS: ļµ 4 ļ§ In geomorphology the RS application tells about the landforms and the process that are being used i.e. endogenetic and exogenetic process ļ§ In its most simple application we can take remotely sensed image of earths surface and interpret what we see to produce a geomorphological map. ļ§ A very useful regard to todays RS is the availability of hyperspectral imagery. ļ§ RS provides 3D representation of the surface in the production of digital elevations models ļ§ RS allows the rapid assessment of large areas and for monitoring of changes to these areas 16
- 17. Urban application ļµ Analyzing urban growth studies ļµ Detection and measurement of variety of elements relating to the morphology of cities ļµ Urban change analysis and modelling of future growth. 17
- 18. Hydrology Application of remote sensing in hydrology are as follows: ļ Water quality monitoring ļ Flood mapping and monitoring ļ Measuring snow thickness ļ Soil moisture estimation ļ Ground water prospects and recharge 18
- 19. Mapping Application of remote sensing in mapping includes following: ļ Planimetry: It consists of the identification and geolocation of basic land covers (e.g., forest, drainage) and anthropogenic features (e.g. urban infrastructures, transportation networks) in (x,y) plane ļ Digital elevation models(DEMs): ļ§ DEM is the digital representation of the land surface elevation with respect to any reference datum. ļ§ It is the simplest form of digital representation of topography ļ§ It is used to determine terrain attributes such as elevation at any point and slope 19
- 20. ļ Base line thematic mapping/topographic mapping: ļ§ It is the digital integration of satellite imagery, land use, land cover and topographic data to produce an image map with contour lines. ļ§ Various combinations of thematic information may be displayed to optimize the map information for application purposes like: ā¢ land use allocation ā¢ Utility site selection ā¢ Route planning 20
- 21. Ocean and coastal monitoring ļµ RS offers numerous methods for acquiring information of ocean and coastal regions ļµ Wind speed and direction, wave heights, sea water temperature can be recorded ļµ This information is useful for offshore engineering works, fisheries and more 21
- 22. ļµ Ocean colors: ļ§ Ocean color analysis indicates the health of the ocean ļ§ Mapping the changes in ocean color can assist the fish stock management, potential feeding sites. 22
- 23. ļµ Oil spills ļ§ Oil spills destroy aquatic life ļ§ Using remote sensing we can determine the spill location, size and extent of spill, and predict the spill movement 23
- 24. ļµ Sea ice: ļ§ Remote sensing data can be used to map and identify ice type, locate cracks, movements. 24
- 25. ļµ Ship routing: ļ§ The remote sensing data allows to design us the most feasible foots for designing routes for the ships. ļ§ Data such as wind speed , wave height, sea ice, provide us information of ocean activity. 25
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