Arab-Israeli conflict.pptx

Arab-Israeli conflict.pptx

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  Arab-Israeli conflict Alannah BrizuelaBertheau Maximiliano Arturo de la Torre López
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  Causes ➢ Israel’s Declarationof Independence on 14 May, 1948 ➢ Zionism: the idea that Jewish independence would be restored on the proclaimed “land of Israel”. ➢ Arab Nationalism: ideological foundation born from shared language, religion (Islam), and political cooperation. ➢ British Foreign Policy: Britain ruled over Palestine after WW2, as a result of the “wave of sympathy” for Jews they were pressured to allow Jewish immigration. To avoid conflict, they handed the issue to the UN and gave up Palestine. ➢ UN Special Committee for Palestine: Jewish and Arabs wanted “equal validity”, in consequence they designed the Partition Plan. Palestinians rejected the terms claiming the treaty was unbiased and undermined the rights of Arabs. Both parties started to arm themselves.
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  The United Nationsestablished the nation of Israel governed by Jews in the territory of Palestinian Arabs (Palestine) in 1948. This led to a nonstop conflict in the midst of four countries in the Middle East (Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and Jordan), that is still happening today.
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  Consequences (The normalization) Despitethe fact that the final consequences have not yet been shown as the conflict continues, different results have been seen, especially "the normalization" which refers to all the peace efforts made between the Arab League and Israel.Some of the treaties and consequences that have come out of the war are: ● Egypt-Israel peace treaty (1979) ● The may 17 agreement (1983) ● Oslo Accords (1993) ● Wadi Araba Treaty (1994) ● UNSC resolution 1701 (2006) ● Arab-Israeli alliance against iran (2010)
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  Consequences (Territory) During the developmentof the conflict there has been a great amount of changes in the nearby territories, among them are the establishment of all the Palestine Protectorate, the Jordan Annexation of West Bank. Then in 1953 the Egyptian conquer of the gaza strip, in 1967 began an Israeli frenzy of ocuppation that help them occupy the sinai peninsula, west bank, gaza strip and golan heights. After the oslo accords the palestinian national authority formed isnide west bank and gaza. Everything stayed the same till 2019 when the transfer of Al Ghamr happened.
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  Consequences (Loses) The conflict wasviolent on many occasions and left a large number of deaths. It is estimated that between 1945 and 2007 143,000 human lives have been lost. In addition to this, it is estimated that the cost of the war has risen to at least 12 billion dollars.
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  Countries involved During theconflict different wars and battles have occurred. The most important country in it is the state of Israel, which has been in conflict with different Arab countries, especially Palestine. In addition to these two, some countries involved are: ● Israel ● France and UK (Suez crisis) ● USA ● Arab League ○ Egypt ○ Jordan ○ Lebanon ○ Iraq ○ Syria ○ Sudan ○ Palestine ● Soviet Union
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  Important Figures Palestinians: ➢ JohnBagot Glubb: trainer of the transjordan arab legión ➢ Fawzi al-Qawuqji: arab nationalist militar ➢ Mahmoud Abbas: most influencial palestinian political figure ➢ Ahmed Qurei: Palestinian prime minister ➢ Mohammad Dahlan: Head of the PSF ➢ Hasan Salama: commander of the palestinian holy war army ➢ Saad El Din Mohamed: egyptian commander during the october war Israelis: ➢ Yitzhak Rabin: politician, fifth prime minister of israel ➢ Yaakov Dori: First chief staff of the IDF ➢ Yigael Yadin: The second chief of staff of the IDF ➢ Ariel Sharon: 11th prime minister of Israel ➢ Ehud Barak: 10th prime minister of israel ➢ David Ben-Gurion: Founder of the state of israel ➢ Moshe Dayan: commander of the jerusalem front ➢ Binyamin Netanyahu: leading figure in likud ➢ Silvan Shalom: Finance minister ➢ Shaul Mofaz: Defense minister
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  United Nations’ Intervention TheUN has played as a participant and as a location for the conflict since they created Israel in 1948. However, it has been apart from the politics of the issue. ● UN peacekeepers were permanently sent to the Israeli-Egyptian border. ● Refugees were provided with basic necessities by the UN Refugee Works Agency. ● Security Council’s permanent members are in charge of political decisions, leaving the UN out of loop.
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  The Role ofFilms Movies have made people all around the world acknowledge the Arab Israeli conflict since the late 1980s. Some films are lighthearted and romantic, while others approach the controversial side. Nevertheless, all of them bring up an important conversation to the table.
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  Development of thewar It all started from the First World War when the Ottoman Empire entered the war, in which the Jewish people with the help of the British declared an independent state called Palestine. After the end of the Palestinian war it was at peace but it was a short time before the violence began with different massacres and conflicts. Palestine managed to calm these conflicts but was on the verge of the second war. During it and thanks to Palestinian anti- Semitism, it became a refugee of the mimes causing the Arab revolt, after this and many other problems the British government withdrew its support for the Jews of Palestine and even prevented them from immigration from Europe.
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  The creation ofIsrael During that time a large part of the Middle East was under the control of the UK, many countries such as Egypt and Transjordan maintained relations with the British government. Thanks to this and to the American influence in 1947, thanks to the assembly of the United Nations, the partition of Palestine in an Arab and Jewish state was approved. Although the Jews accepted it, the Arabs rejected it and threatened a war to defend Palestine. Starting if all the conflict. After Israel's declaration of independence, the neighboring Arab states declared war on them due to the disagreement they felt with the partition plan, this war continued and had great consequences for refugees and people in general, it did not stop until the armistice of 1949 where it was they signed different armistices to end the war and take Israel as the victor
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  Suez War OnOctober 29, 1956, the second Arab-Israeli war (Suez War) began when Israel, Great Britain and France joined forces to attack Egypt to impose a new regime and remove their leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. All efforts failed and GB’s power over their colonies in the Middle East declined. Tensions grew when Nasser got an arms deal with Czechoslovakia and the US and GB saw it as a threat of shared bonds with the Soviet Union. The World Bank, influenced by the US, gave Egypt a loan to rebuild the Aswan Dam. To everyone’s surprise, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal (a crutial trading route) and replaced the private Anglo-French company who ran it.
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  Conflicts after thesuez war After the Suez War there was a period of relative peace until 1967 when the Six Day War began. In these 6 days Israel was able to conquer the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, part of Jerusalem and other regions. Due to it, the Camp David peace accords were signed, but it did not end there since it started a war of attrition that was limited between Egypt and Israel with the reason for Egypt to recover the lost territories, also forced the union to interfere by ending the fire and signing the armistice lines in the same place they left them. Of course, during this war, Egypt increased its military harassment and gave fruit to another war called the Yom Kippur war. This war, despite not having changed much since the territories of Israel remained the same, promoted a great hatred of the Arabs for Israel that ended up causing the 1973 oil crisis that forced the US and the USSR to seek an agreement that would solve the problem. conflict
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  The lebanon war Alsocalled Operation Peace for Galilee, it occurred in 1982 when the Israeli army invaded southern Lebanon to expel the Palestinian liberation organization, this invasion led to large civilian casualties that forced both countries to sign an agreement for the protection of civilians
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  The Intifadas It wasafter a car crash in which Palestinians died that after 20 years of military occupation, after this the Palestinians behaved defiantly causing the intifada that consisted of Palestinian rebellions against Israel, Israel replied with curfews and mass arrests, this intifada ended until the madrid conference in 1991 with the oslo agreements. unfortunately thanks to the illegal establishment of Jews in the Palestinian territories by Israel and the constant Palestinian terrorist attacks led to a failure of the agreements and a second intifada in 2000 after a confrontation between Palestinians and police after the appearance of Ariel Sharon. After this, Israel reoccupied territories that it had liberated, and the Palestinians generalized the use of suicide bombs that also led the Israelis to the creation of selective assassinations of terrorists. This violence continued until the death of Yasser Arafat, one of its most recognized leaders.
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  Post Intifada Conflicts ● 2006:Lebanon War ● 2008: Conflict in the Gaza Strip ● 2010: Attack on the Gaza’s fleet ● 2012: Defensive Operation Pilar
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  Current Context The SyrianCivil War What began as peaceful uprising against the oppressive regime of President Assad in 2011 has scaled into a 10 year civil war. This ongoing conflict has left 380 000+ casualties, devastated entire cities and pulled in neighbour and power countries. Conflict against Iran This may have been the most important conflict between the Middle East and the US in 2020. Tensions rose when Trump decided to pull back their remaining troops of Syria, Iran saw this as a threat and nuclear threats began. Though it is mostly sorted out now, uncertainty has increased for other external countries of the conflict: Iran, Israel, Russia and Turkey.
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  Conclusion Both parties arefighting over the victim role in the conflict. Either of them can be seen as the victim or as the aggressor, depending on your beliefs, point of view or convenience, but both of them know that is easier to play the victim. It is easier to put out to the world the suffering that they have gone through, rather than the pain and violence they have caused. Although this war seems to have no ending in the near future, immediate diplomatic actions must be taken. This is a “human war”, all of the innocent people who had to pay with their life are not guilty for any territorial or political disagreement. Every party involved needs to increase their sensitivity and pay attention to the bigger picture and everything that is at stake.
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