Arduino اردوينو

What is arduino
 Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform based on
easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are
able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output -
activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online. You can tell your board what to do by
sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the
board. To do so you use the arduino programming
language (based on wiring), and the arduino software
(IDE), based on processing .

Arduino development process
 Level1 based on 8 bit mcu like arduino uno ,mega ,nano , micro, lilypad
and demulive

 Level2 based on 32 bit mcu like arduino due , zero and teensyduino

 Level3 FPGA boards with mcu and programmed by arduino software
platform like papilio pro , one and duo .

Arduino architecture
 We will talk here about more common board arduino uno

Arduino programming platform (IDE)
 we program arduino using an programming languge named
“Arduino c” also we can program it using matlab , labview
,python ,c# ,flowcode and embedded c
 To start with arduio
1- download the arduino software (IDE)
2- connect the board
3- install the drivers
4- launch the arduino application
5- write code or open an example
6- select your board
7- select your serial port
8- upload the program

Arduino IDE
 Here we will go to arduino IDE to see it

Arduino c program body
-‫المتغيرات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫االعالن‬ ‫يتم‬
‫وانواعها‬ ‫وقيمها‬
-‫ت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الدوال‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫يتم‬‫نفذ‬
‫التشغيل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫مرة‬
-‫يع‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الدوال‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫يتم‬‫اد‬
‫حيث‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تنفيذها‬
‫بهذا‬ ‫يكتب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫البرنامج‬
‫بصور‬ ‫يتكرر‬ ‫يبقى‬ ‫الجزء‬‫ة‬
‫النهائية‬ ‫حلقة‬

Digital I/O
 pinMode(pin, mode);
pin:- the number of the pin whose mode you wish to set
mode:- INPUT or OUTPUT
 digitalWrite(pin, value);
pin:- the pin number
value:- HIGH or LOW
 digitalRead(pin);
pin:- the number of the digital pin you want to read (int)
returns:- HIGH or LOW

Pullup and pulldown resistors
 If a pull-down resistor is used, the input pin will be LOW when the switch is
open and HIGH when the switch is closed.
 If a pull-up resistor is used, the input pin will be HIGH when the switch is
open and LOW when the switch is closed.
-To active pullup resistor in
arduino use this function
pinMode(2,INPUT_PULLUP)
;
this active pullup for pin 2
therefore
we will connect switch
between GND and pin2

Analog I/O
 analogRead(pin);
pin:- the number of the analog input pin to read from (0 to
5 on most boards)
returns:- int (0 to 1023)
 analogWrite(pin, value);
pin:- the pin to write to.
value:- the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255
(always on).
Here we haven't DAC to generate an analog output but we
use PWM

PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)
- PWM, is a technique for getting
analog results with digital means.
Digital control is used to create a
square wave, a signal switched
between on and off. This on-off
pattern can simulate voltages in
between full on (5 Volts) and off (0
Volts) by changing the portion of
the time the signal spends on
versus the time that the signal
spends off.

Time functions
 millis() ;
Returns the number of milliseconds since the Arduino board began
running the current program. This number will overflow (go back to
zero), after approximately 50 days
 micros() ;
returns the number of microseconds since the Arduino board
began running the current program. This number will overflow (go
back to zero), after approximately 70 minutes.
 delay(ms) ;
ms: the number of milliseconds to pause (unsigned long)

Blink code example
Hardware Required
- Arduino Board
- LED
- resistor less than
1kohm

Blink code example
 void setup() {
// initialize digital pin 13 as an output.
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

Arduino libraries
 Libraries are a collection of
code that makes it easy for
you to connect to a sensor,
display, module, etc. For
example, the built-
in LiquidCrystal library
makes it easy to talk to
character LCD displays.
There are hundreds of
additional libraries available
on the Internet for download.

Arduino اردوينو

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Arduino اردوينو