Arduino by yogesh t s'

Arduino
The open-source electronics prototyping
platform
By,
Yogesh T S,
tsyogesh40@gmail.com,
IT Dept,
Velammal College of Engineering and Technology.

Contents
• What is Microcontroller
• What is an Arduino
• History of arduino
• Programming environment
• Advantage of arduino
• Features of arduino
• Applications of arduino
• Arduino v/s Nodemcu

Famous microcontroller
manufacturers are MicroChip,
Atmel, Intel, Analog devices,
and more.
[list]
It is a micro-computer. As any
computer it has internal CPU,
RAM, IOs interface.
It is used for control purposes,
and for data analysis.
Micro-Controller

What is Arduino?
• “Arduino is an open-source physical computing
platform based on a simple i/o board and a
development environment that implements the
Processing / Wiring language. Arduino can be
used to develop stand-alone interactive objects
or can be connected to software on your
computer.“ ( www.arduino.cc, 2006 )

Arduino is a platform
• A physical Input / Output board (I/O) with a programmable
Integrated Circuit (IC).

Arduino boards
UNO Mega LilyPad
Arduino BT Arduino Nano Arduino Mini

Arduino UNO:Digital output
~: PWM.
0,1: Serial port.
In circuit Serial
programming
Atmel
MicroControlle
r
Analog input.
Power Supply
USB port
Power input

Why Arduino?
• It can run standalone from a computer (chip is
programmable) and it has memory (a small
amount).
• It can work with both Digital and Analog
electronic signals. Sensors and Actuators.
• You can make cool stuff! Some people are even
making simple robots, and we all know robots
are just cool. 

Advantages of Aurdino
Open source
Simplified and user-friendly programming language
No additional programmer/burner hardware
required for programming board
Portable
Low power consumption

Features of Arduino UN0
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V and 3.3 V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by
Bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

Arduino Coding.
Let’s start with Arduino sketch

Arduino IDE
• Also including an Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) for programming.
• The language itself is based in C but is
largely modeled upon the
www.processing.org language.

Integer: used with integer variables with value
between 2147483647 and -2147483647.
Ex: int x=1200;
Character: used with single character, represent value
from -127 to 128.
Ex. char c=‘r’;
Long: Long variables are extended size variables for
number storage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes), from -
2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
Ex. long u=199203;
Floating-point numbers can be as large as
3.4028235E+38 and as low as -3.4028235E+38. They are
stored as 32 bits (4 bytes) of information.
Ex. float num=1.291; [The same as double type]
Data Types and operators
You may need to know about these typed: Array, Boolean, byte, etc. here.

Statement represents a command, it ends with ;
Ex:
int x;
x=13;
Operators are symbols that used to indicate a
specific function:
- Math operators: [+,-,*,/,%,^]
- Logic operators: [==, !=, &&, ||]
- Comparison operators: [==, >, <, !=, <=, >=]
Syntax:
; Semicolon, {} curly braces, //single line
comment, /*Multi-line comments*/
Statement and operators

Compound Operators:
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addiation)
-= (compound subtraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)
Statement and operators:

If Conditioning:
if(condition)
{
statements-1;
…
Statement-N;
}
else if(condition2)
{
Statements;
}
Else{statements;}
Control statements:

Switch case:
switch (var) {
case 1:
//do something when var equals 1
break;
case 2:
//do something when var equals 2
break;
default:
// if nothing else matches, do the default
// default is optional
}
Control statements:

Do… while:
do
{
Statements;
}
while(condition); // the statements are run at least
once.
While:
While(condition)
{statements;}
For:
for (int i=0; i <= val; i++){
statements;
}
Loop statements:
Use break statement to stop the loop whenever needed.

Void setup()
{
}
//Used to indicate the initial values of system on
starting.
Void loop()
{
}
//Contains the statements that will run whenever
the system is powered after setup.
Code structure:

Led blinking example:
Used functions:
pinMode();
digitalRead();
digitalWrite();
delay(time_ms);
other functions:
analogRead();
analogWrite();//PWM.
Input and output:

Code Structure: Header
Header provides information
Example 1

Code Structure: setup function
setup function is executed
only once at the start
Example 1

Code Structure: loop function
loop function is
repeated indefinitely
Example 1

Code
Digital I/O Functions:
pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
pinMode(13, Output)
prepare pin 13 for
outputs of voltage
Example 1

Code
digitalWrite(13, HIGH)
Sets pin 13 to a voltage
that
means “on”
pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
Example 1

Code
pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
delay(1000);
Tells microcontroller to
do nothing for 1000 ms =
1 s
Example 1

Code
digitalWrite(13, LOW)
Sets pin 13 to voltage
that means “off”
pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
Example 1

Upload a program
• At this stage we just programmed the LED to blink on and off at a
set time interval.
• Press the reset button on the board and then click ‘Upload to I/O
board’ in the IDE. If all goes well lights should flicker on the board
and the IDE will confirm success.

ESP8266
• 32-bit RISC CPU: Tensilica Xtensa LX106 running at
80 MHz
• 64 KiB of instruction RAM, 96 KiB of data RAM
• External QSPI flash - 512 KiB to 4 MiB
• IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi
• WEP or WPA/WPA2 authentication, or open networks
• 16 GPIO pins
• SPI, I²C,
• I²S interfaces with DMA (sharing pins with GPIO)
• UART on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be
enabled on GPIO2
• 1x10-bit ADC
• 3xPWM

NodeMCU
• Official NodeMCU firmware – LUA
• Micropython – Python 3
• Espruino - Javascript
• Arduino
• Official ESP 8266 SDK
• Adafruit etc.

Docs - http://www.nodemcu.com/docs/

Tools
• Binary firmware
• http://frightanic.com/nodemcu-custom-build/
• NodeMCU Flasher
• https://github.com/nodemcu/nodemcu-flasher
• IDE – ESPlorer
• https://github.com/4refr0nt/ESPlorer

Arduino by yogesh t s'

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