SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Code 
http:/ / arduino.cc/ en/Reference/HomePage
The Arduino Environment
Board Type
Serial Port / COM Port
The Environment
Parts of the Sketch
Comments 
• Comments can be anywhere
Comments 
• Comments can be anywhere 
• Comments created with / / or / * and 
* /
Comments 
• Comments can be anywhere 
• Comments created with / / or / * and 
* / 
• Comments do not affect code
Comments 
• Comments can be anywhere 
• Comments created with / / or / * and 
* / 
• Comments do not affect code 
• You may not need comments, but 
think about the community!
Operators 
The equals sign 
= is used to assign a value 
== is used to compare values
Operators 
And & Or 
&& is “and” 
|| is “or”
Variables 
Basic variable types: 
Boolean 
Integer 
Character
Declaring Variables 
Boolean: boolean variableName;
Declaring Variables 
Boolean: boolean variableName; 
Integer: int variableName;
Declaring Variables 
Boolean: boolean variableName; 
Integer: int variableName; 
Character: char variableName;
Declaring Variables 
Boolean: boolean variableName; 
Integer: int variableName; 
Character: char variableName; 
String: stringName [ ];
Assigning Variables 
Boolean: variableName = true; 
or variableName = false;
Assigning Variables 
Boolean: variableName = true; 
or variableName = false; 
Integer: variableName = 32767; 
or variableName = -32768;
Assigning Variables 
Boolean: variableName = true; 
or variableName = false; 
Integer: variableName = 32767; 
or variableName = -32768; 
Character: variableName = ‘A’; 
or stringName = “SparkFun”;
Variable Scope 
Where you declare your variables matters
Setup 
void setup ( ) { } 
The setup function comes before 
the loop function and is necessary 
for all Arduino sketches
Setup 
void setup ( ) { } 
The setup header will never change, 
everything else that occurs in setup 
happens inside the curly brackets
Setup 
void setup ( ) { 
pinMode (13, OUTPUT); } 
Outputs are declare in setup, this is done 
by using the pinMode function 
This particular example declares digital pin # 13 as an output, 
remember to use CAPS
Setup 
void setup ( ) { Serial.begin;} 
Serial communication also begins in setup 
This particular example declares Serial communication at a 
baud rate of 9600. More on Serial later...
Setup, Internal Pullup Resistors 
void setup ( ) { 
digitalWrite (12, HIGH); } 
You can also create internal pullup resistors in setup, to do so 
digitalWrite the pin HIGH 
This takes the place of the pullup resistors currently on your 
circuit 7 buttons
Setup, Interrupts 
void setup ( ) { 
attachInterrupt (interrupt, function, 
mode) } 
You can designate an interrupt 
function to Arduino pins # 2 and 3 
This is a way around the linear 
processing of Arduino
Setup, Interrupts 
void setup ( ) { 
attachInterrupt (interrupt, function, 
mode) } 
Interrupt: the number of the interrupt, 0 or 1, 
corresponding to Arduino pins # 2 and 3 
respectively 
Function: the function to call when the 
interrupt occurs 
Mode: defines when the interrupt should be 
triggered
Setup, Interrupts 
void setup ( ) { 
attachInterrupt (interrupt, function, 
mode) } 
•LOW whenever pin state is low 
•CHANGE whenever pin changes value 
•RISING whenever pin goes from low to high 
•FALLING whenever pin goes from low to high 
Don’t forget to CAPITALIZE
If Statements 
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
If 
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
Conditional 
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
Action 
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
Else 
else { do this; }
Basic Repetition 
•loop 
•For 
•while
Basic Repetition 
void loop ( ) { }
Basic Repetition 
void loop ( ) { }
Basic Repetition 
void loop ( ) { } 
The “void” in the header is what 
the function will return (or spit out) 
when it happens, in this case it 
returns nothing so it is void
Basic Repetition 
void loop ( ) { } 
The “loop” in the header is what the 
function is called, sometimes you make 
the name up, sometimes (like loop) the 
function already has a name
Basic Repetition 
void loop ( ) { } 
The “( )” in the header is where you 
declare any variables that you are 
“passing” (or sending) the function, the 
loop function is never “passed” any 
variables
Basic Repetition 
void loop ( ) { }
Basic Repetition 
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) 
{ //for action code goes here 
//this could be anything 
}
Basic Repetition 
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) 
{ //for action code goes here 
}
Basic Repetition 
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) 
{ //for action code goes here 
}
Basic Repetition 
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) 
{ //for action code goes here 
}
Basic Repetition 
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) 
{ //for action code goes here 
}
Basic Repetition 
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) 
{ //for action code goes here 
}
Basic Repetition 
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) 
{ //for action code goes here 
}
Basic Repetition 
while ( count<10 ) 
{ //while action code goes here 
}
Basic Repetition 
while ( count<10 ) 
{ //while action code goes here 
//should include a way to change count 
//variable so the computer is not stuck 
//inside the while loop forever 
}
Basic Repetition 
while ( count<10 ) 
{ //looks basically like a “for” loop 
//except the variable is declared before 
//and incremented inside the while 
//loop 
}
Basic Repetition 
Or maybe: 
while ( digitalRead(buttonPin)==1 ) 
{ //instead of changing a variable 
//you just read a pin so the computer 
//exits when you press a button 
//or a sensor is tripped 
}
Questions?
www.sparkfun.com 
6175 Longbow Drive, Suite 200 
Boulder, Colorado 80301

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Arduino section programming slides

  • 1. Code http:/ / arduino.cc/ en/Reference/HomePage
  • 4. Serial Port / COM Port
  • 6. Parts of the Sketch
  • 7. Comments • Comments can be anywhere
  • 8. Comments • Comments can be anywhere • Comments created with / / or / * and * /
  • 9. Comments • Comments can be anywhere • Comments created with / / or / * and * / • Comments do not affect code
  • 10. Comments • Comments can be anywhere • Comments created with / / or / * and * / • Comments do not affect code • You may not need comments, but think about the community!
  • 11. Operators The equals sign = is used to assign a value == is used to compare values
  • 12. Operators And & Or && is “and” || is “or”
  • 13. Variables Basic variable types: Boolean Integer Character
  • 14. Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName;
  • 15. Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName; Integer: int variableName;
  • 16. Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName; Integer: int variableName; Character: char variableName;
  • 17. Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName; Integer: int variableName; Character: char variableName; String: stringName [ ];
  • 18. Assigning Variables Boolean: variableName = true; or variableName = false;
  • 19. Assigning Variables Boolean: variableName = true; or variableName = false; Integer: variableName = 32767; or variableName = -32768;
  • 20. Assigning Variables Boolean: variableName = true; or variableName = false; Integer: variableName = 32767; or variableName = -32768; Character: variableName = ‘A’; or stringName = “SparkFun”;
  • 21. Variable Scope Where you declare your variables matters
  • 22. Setup void setup ( ) { } The setup function comes before the loop function and is necessary for all Arduino sketches
  • 23. Setup void setup ( ) { } The setup header will never change, everything else that occurs in setup happens inside the curly brackets
  • 24. Setup void setup ( ) { pinMode (13, OUTPUT); } Outputs are declare in setup, this is done by using the pinMode function This particular example declares digital pin # 13 as an output, remember to use CAPS
  • 25. Setup void setup ( ) { Serial.begin;} Serial communication also begins in setup This particular example declares Serial communication at a baud rate of 9600. More on Serial later...
  • 26. Setup, Internal Pullup Resistors void setup ( ) { digitalWrite (12, HIGH); } You can also create internal pullup resistors in setup, to do so digitalWrite the pin HIGH This takes the place of the pullup resistors currently on your circuit 7 buttons
  • 27. Setup, Interrupts void setup ( ) { attachInterrupt (interrupt, function, mode) } You can designate an interrupt function to Arduino pins # 2 and 3 This is a way around the linear processing of Arduino
  • 28. Setup, Interrupts void setup ( ) { attachInterrupt (interrupt, function, mode) } Interrupt: the number of the interrupt, 0 or 1, corresponding to Arduino pins # 2 and 3 respectively Function: the function to call when the interrupt occurs Mode: defines when the interrupt should be triggered
  • 29. Setup, Interrupts void setup ( ) { attachInterrupt (interrupt, function, mode) } •LOW whenever pin state is low •CHANGE whenever pin changes value •RISING whenever pin goes from low to high •FALLING whenever pin goes from low to high Don’t forget to CAPITALIZE
  • 30. If Statements if ( this is true ) { do this; }
  • 31. If if ( this is true ) { do this; }
  • 32. Conditional if ( this is true ) { do this; }
  • 33. Action if ( this is true ) { do this; }
  • 34. Else else { do this; }
  • 35. Basic Repetition •loop •For •while
  • 36. Basic Repetition void loop ( ) { }
  • 37. Basic Repetition void loop ( ) { }
  • 38. Basic Repetition void loop ( ) { } The “void” in the header is what the function will return (or spit out) when it happens, in this case it returns nothing so it is void
  • 39. Basic Repetition void loop ( ) { } The “loop” in the header is what the function is called, sometimes you make the name up, sometimes (like loop) the function already has a name
  • 40. Basic Repetition void loop ( ) { } The “( )” in the header is where you declare any variables that you are “passing” (or sending) the function, the loop function is never “passed” any variables
  • 41. Basic Repetition void loop ( ) { }
  • 42. Basic Repetition for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here //this could be anything }
  • 43. Basic Repetition for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }
  • 44. Basic Repetition for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }
  • 45. Basic Repetition for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }
  • 46. Basic Repetition for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }
  • 47. Basic Repetition for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }
  • 48. Basic Repetition for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }
  • 49. Basic Repetition while ( count<10 ) { //while action code goes here }
  • 50. Basic Repetition while ( count<10 ) { //while action code goes here //should include a way to change count //variable so the computer is not stuck //inside the while loop forever }
  • 51. Basic Repetition while ( count<10 ) { //looks basically like a “for” loop //except the variable is declared before //and incremented inside the while //loop }
  • 52. Basic Repetition Or maybe: while ( digitalRead(buttonPin)==1 ) { //instead of changing a variable //you just read a pin so the computer //exits when you press a button //or a sensor is tripped }
  • 54. www.sparkfun.com 6175 Longbow Drive, Suite 200 Boulder, Colorado 80301