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- 1. Protecting and promotingthe health and safety of the people of Wisconsin Public Health 101 Principles and Practices of Population-Based Services
- 2. Objectives • Population Health •Public Health Core Functions • Essential Services • Levels of Prevention • Levels of Public Health Intervention 1
- 3. What Is PopulationHealth? 2 An approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire human population
- 4. Who Is thePopulation? 3
- 5. Population Health ≠ Distributionof Health 4
- 6.
- 7. Primary Prevention • Designedto prevent a disease or condition from occurring in the first place • Examples: immunization, physical activity to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease 6
- 8. Secondary Prevention • Identifya disease at its earliest stage so that prompt and appropriate management can be initiated. • Example: A person gets a mammogram to detect breast cancer or gets screened for glaucoma. • Successful secondary prevention reduces the impact of the disease. 7
- 9. Tertiary Prevention • Reduceor minimize the consequences of a disease once it has developed. • Example: most medical interventions • Eliminate, or at least delay, the onset of complications and disability due to the disease. 8
- 10. What Are Population-Based Interventions? •Aimed at disease prevention and health promotion • Affects an entire population or populations at risk • Targets underlying risks and environmental factors 9
- 11.
- 12. Population-Based Health 11 Level ofintervention … population at risk
- 13. Levels of Intervention •Systems • Activities of organizations and government • Community • Community or subgroups at risk • Individuals and families • Individuals and families at risk 12
- 14. Level of Intervention:Systems • Requires action on a large scale to address a given problem • Creates change in organizations, policies, laws, and structures • Long-lasting way to impact individuals • Example: statewide smoke-free air law 13
- 15. Level of Intervention: Community •Focus on entire community or groups of people within the community • Forms partnerships within community organizations and groups • Changes community norms, attitudes, awareness, practices and behaviors • Example: social marketing campaign 14
- 16. Level of Intervention: Individualand Family • Member of an at-risk population • Protect communities from threats to health posed by individuals • Changes knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors • Example: promoting breastfeeding among families in the WIC Program • Women, Infants and Children 15
- 17. Population-Based Interventions • Evidence-based • Bestpractices • Promising practices • Resource: What Works? Policies and Programs to Improve Wisconsin’s Health” • http://WhatWorksForHealth.wisc.edu 16
- 18. Levels of InterventionActivity • Systems • Activities of organizations and government • Community • Community or subgroups at risk • Individuals and families • Individuals and families at risk 17
- 19. Public Health Interventions Source:http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/cfh/ophp/resources/docs/phinterventions_manual2001.pdf 18
- 20. What Do WeDo? 19
- 21. Core Functions and 10Essential Public Health Services 20
- 22. Core Function 1:Assessment • Essential Service One: Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems • Essential Service Two: Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. 21
- 23. Core Function 1:Assessment 22
- 24. Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 HealthFocus Areas • Nutrition and adequate, appropriate, and safe food • Alcohol and other drug abuse • Chronic disease prevention and management • Communicable disease prevention and control • Environmental and occupational health • Healthy growth and development • Injury and violence • Mental health • Oral health • Physical activity • Reproductive and sexual health • Tobacco use and exposure 23
- 25. Healthy Wisconsin –State Health Assessment and State Health Improvement Plan Healthy Wisconsin Priorities • Alcohol • Nutrition and Physical Activity • Opioids • Suicide • Tobacco Cross-cutting Issue - Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Resilience https://healthy.wisconsin.gov/
- 26. Core Function 2:Policy Development • Essential Service Three: Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. • Essential Service Four: Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems. • Essential Service Five: Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. 25
- 27. Policy Development: Big “P”and Little “p” 26
- 28. Core Function 3:Assurance • Essential Service Six: Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and assure safety. • Essential Service Seven: Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable. • Essential Service Eight: Assure competent public and personal health care workforce. • Essential Service Nine: Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. 27
- 29. Core Function 4:System Management • Essential Service Ten: Research new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. 28
- 30. National Public Health PerformanceStandards Four concepts: 1. Based on the 10 Essential Public Health Services. 2. Focus on the overall public health system. 3. Describe an optimal level of performance. 4. Support a process of continuous quality improvement. 29
- 31. National Public Health PerformanceStandards Focus on the “system” • More than just the public health agency • “Public health system” • All public, private, and voluntary entities that contribute to public health in a given area. • A network of entities with differing roles, relationships, and interactions. • All entities contribute to the health and well-being of the community. 30
- 32. National Public Health PerformanceStandards Benefits • Improve organizational and community communication and collaboration. • Educate participants about public health and the interconnectedness of activities. • Strengthen the diverse network of partners within state and local public health systems. • Identify strengths and weaknesses to address in quality improvement efforts. • Provide a benchmark for public health practice improvements. 31
- 33. National Public Health PerformanceStandards How to use for performance improvement: • The NPHPS performance assessments can help people understand gaps between current performance and the optimal level of performance as described by the standards. • Results of the assessments should be incorporated into a broader planning process (a state health improvement process or a local board of health strategic planning process). 32
- 34. Public Health Accreditation Board(PHAB) • PHAB was formed as the non- profit entity to implement and oversee national public health department accreditation. Program development began in May 2007 with the incorporation of PHAB. 33
- 35. What Is PublicHealth Accreditation? • Measurement of health department performance against a set of nationally recognized, practice-focused, and evidence- based standards • Recognition of achievement of accreditation within a specific time frame by PHAB 34
- 36. What Is Required? •PHAB Standards and Measures, version 1.5 • 12 domains • 32 standards and over 100 measures • Required documentation for each measure • Specific prerequisite documents • Community Health Assessment (CHA) • Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) • Strategic Plan • Workforce Development Plan • Public Health Emergency Operations Plan • Quality Improvement Plan 35
- 37. What’s the Point? •Improve and protect health of public. • Measure performance through national system of common standards. • Drive continuous improvement. • Advance quality and performance of all health departments. • Demonstrate accountability. 36
- 38.
- 39. Welcome to YourNew Role in Public Health! 38
- 40. Questions? This presentation wassupported by the Grant Number, B01 OT009070, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC or the Department of Health and Human Services. 39
Editor's Notes
- #26 With 2020 in sight, Healthy Wisconsin conducted a health assessment process that would lead to Wisconsin’s comprehensive state health improvement plan. Led by a steering committee representing Wisconsin communities and leaders, we considered nearly two dozen health concerns before identifying five key health priorities for our state: alcohol, nutrition and physical activity, opioids, suicide and tobacco. We also recognized the need to build awareness around the effect ACEs can have on our health. For more information on Healthy Wisconsin and to read the full state health assessment and improvement plan document, visit healthy.wisconsin.gov.
- #33 With these benefits the standard are a tool to identify areas for improvement and strengthen partnership and ensuring strong systems
- #38 Give update on DPH accreditation