Assessment of bioenergy potential in Ukraine and opportunities for paludiculture

Assessment of bioenergy potential in Ukraine and opportunities for paludiculture

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  ASSESSMENT OF BIOENERGYPOTENTIAL IN UKRAINE AND OPPORTUNIES FOR PALUDICULTURE Oleg Savitsky, National Ecological Centre of Ukraine [email protected] Greifswald 11th July 2016
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  COUNTRY INFORMATION: UKRAINE Forests area:10.2 million hectares (17.2 % of country’s territory) Area of agricultural land: 42.8 million hectares (71%) Arable land: 32.5 million hectares (54%) Total area of peatlands: 1.2 million hectares, of which ~0.7 mln ha (almost 60%) are drained and degraded *Total land area in Germany – 35.7 mln ha, peatlands (total) – 0.83 mln ha LAND USE:
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  COUNTRY INFORMATION: UKRAINE Total primaryenergy supply (TPES): 4 862.5 PJ (165.9 mtce) Germany – 13 299.8 PJ (453.8 mtce) Share of renewables in TPES: 2.8% (IEA, 2015) Share of bioenergy in TPES: 1.6% (IEA, 2015) Electric generation installed capacity: 51 GW, solar and wind – 0.7 GW (2015) Germany – 192 GW, bioenergy – 6.4 GW, solar and wind – 72 GW (2014) Peak electricity demand: 24,7 GW (2015) Germany – 83,1 GW (2013) ENERGY:
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  BIOENERGY IN UKRAINE •Biogas installed capacity is only around ~50 MW • In 2015 Ukraine exported to EU more than151 thousand tons of wood pellets (85% of total production) and covers 2.5% of EU’s market • Ukraine exports more than 1 million tons of pellets from sunflower husk • Overall utilization rates of agricultural residues is very low (<5%) • Potential for utilization of agricultural residues is estimated at the equivalent of 20-26 mtce per year or 12-15% of current TPES
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  BIOENERGY AND ENERGY TRANSITION Accordingto IRENA’s REmap2030 estimate, bioenergy in Ukraine can potentially supply between 1 115 PJ and 1 780 PJ (38-60.7 mtce) or up to 25% of TPES in 2030 Role of biomass for space heating in short to medium term can increase and substitute natural gas Potential for application in electric power sector should be limited to local CHPs (small and medium scale)
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  BIOENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
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  RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES FORSUSTAINABLE BIOENERGY IN UKRAINE Risks: - Over-exploitation of forestry - Energy-food nexus - Monocultures of energy crops - Need for monitoring and regulation of emissions Opportunities: - Mitigation of open burning of residues - Substitution of gas for combined heat and power production - Economic development - Efficient use of local resources
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  CURRENT STATUS OF PEATLANDSIN UKRAINE • Significant areas of drained peatlands are abandoned and are not used productively • Peat extraction for industrial/energy use (hopefully) is not present in Ukraine and does not contribute to continued degradation of peatlands • Intensity and number of peat fires have an increasing year-to-year trend • Peat fires aggravate air pollution in central and northern regions • GHG emissions in LULUCF from degradation of peatlands are not accounted in Ukraine’s national reporting to UNFCCC
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  Movchan, I., Parchuk,H. & Vakarenko, L. (in press) Country chapter Ukraine. In: Mires and peatlands of Europe: Status, distribution, and nature conservation (ed. by Joosten, H., Tanneberger, F. & Moen, A.)
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  THE CASE FORRE-WETTING OF PEATLANDS AND INTRODUCTION OF PALUDICULTURE IN UKRAINE • Mitigation of climate change and air pollution from peat fires • Restoration and protection of wetland ecosystems and biodiversity • Local economic development, bio-energy and bio-materials production • Integrated approach for sustainability in energy and land use management • Substitution of imported fossil fuels to increase energy security
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  PEAT FIRES, OCTOBER2015 - Dozens of hotbeds around Kyiv - Area of fires122 ha only in Kyiv region - Record high air pollution in Kyiv
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  CONCLUSIONS – BURNING ISSUES •Energy transition is a burning issue both globally and for Ukraine • Sustainable land management is a burning issue for Ukraine – literally • Alternatives for sustainable local economic development are needed • Introduction of paludiculture can be a part of the solution
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  THANK YOU FORYOUR ATTENTION!