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Attitudes toward help seeking
- 1. Attitudes Toward Psychological Help-Seeking Examining the Influence of Gender, Locus of Control and Past Experience Elycia A Minot Albright College
- 2. Do Gender, Locusof Control and Experience with Mental Health Services influence an individual’s Attitude Toward Psychological Help-Seeking? Research Question
- 3. Problem Attitude towardhelp seeking/therapy may influence whether a person seeks help If they don’t seek help: Mental illness goes untreated Handling difficult problems w/o help can lead to high stress
- 4. Benefits of thisResearch Understand underlying factors that influence attitude toward therapy MHS help individuals, families, couples, addicts Need to find ways to: Make MHS user-friendly Improve evaluation processes Improve personal treatment plans
- 5. Previous Research IdeasSocietal Stigma Society characterizes the mentally ill as a problem in society For fear of being stigmatized; people won’t seek help Gender Overall men have a more negative ATSPPH Relationship between Traditional male norms and attitude Gender role conflict and behavior Locus of control Internal or External
- 6. Independent Variables GenderMale or Female Locus of Control Internal or External Experience Mental Health Services Self or known other Sought help? Was it helpful?
- 7. Attitude toward PsychologicalHelp-seeking Whether an individual sees seeking psychological help as positive or negative Whether they see MHS as a possible solution for life problems Dependent Variable
- 8. Method Materials Rotter’sLocus of Control Scale (short version) Attitudes Toward seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale Four questions about experience Participants 91 total participants 82 usable surveys Of usable surveys- 22 male- 60 female Between 19 and 69 years old Procedures Online Survey Questionnaire design- 46 questions
- 9. Hypothesis Men willhave a more negative attitude toward help seeking than women External LOC will predict a more negative view of mental health seeking Internal LOC will predict a more positive view of mental health seeking. Past experience with mental health services will have an effect on attitude toward seeking professional psychological help
- 10. Results Two-factor ANOVAused to analyze the effect of gender and LOC on a attitude Chi-Square analysis tests used to examine relationship between gender and prior experience Chi-Square analysis tests used to examine relationship between LOC and prior experience
- 11. An effect approachingsignificance between gender and attitude. No significant effect was found between LOC and attitude
- 12. An approaching significanceeffect was found between gender and past experience with mental health services
- 13. No significant effectwas found between gender and whether the participant believed that their experience was helpful
- 14. No significant effectwas found for LOC and past experience with mental health services
- 15. No significant effectwas found for LOC and whether the participant believed that their experience was helpful
- 16. Implications of theCurrent Study Gender is stronger predictor for both attitude and past experience LOC and past experience results contrary to hypothesis and previous research
- 17. Previous Research FindingsLeong & Zachar (1999) females had more positive attitude toward help seeking than males Komiya, Good & Sherrod, (2000) females had more positive attitude toward help seeking than males Males less emotionally open
- 18. Smith, Tran, &Thompson, (2008) Studied men’s attitudes toward help seeking Used the Theory of Planned Behavior. {Belief Attitude Intention Behavior} Results Attitude predicts intention which predicts behavior
- 19. McKelley & Rochlen,(2010) Wisch, Mahalik, Hayes, & Nutt Berger, Levant, McMillan, Kelleher & Sellers, (2005) Discuss findings that support men’s lower rates of help-seeking behavior. Examined personality traits among men that may contribute to negative attitudes toward help-seeking. Conformity to traditional male norms (expected behavior) Gender Role Conflict (patterns of behavior) Results were mixed among these studies, however all found lower rates among help seeking behavior among males and a relationship b/t that behavior and TMN’s & GRC
- 20. Fischer & Turner(1970) & Calhoun, Dawes, & Lewis, (1972) Examined relationship b/t attitude toward help-seeking and locus of control. Studied men & women with varying ages, backgrounds and education were Internal LOC predicts more positive attitude, intention & behavior Cusack, Deane, Wilson, & Ciarrochi, (2006) Men in therapy Relationship of bond, attitude and intention stronger the bond, the more likely the person is to seek help in the future
- 21. Discussion Current studymay not have found significant evidence that men have more negative attitudes, however previous research is strong. Current study results were contrary to previous research on relationship between LOC and attitude Current study did not analyze relationship between past experience & attitude.
- 22. Limitations Number ofparticipants Percentage of male/female participants More women chose to take survey Short version of Rotter’s LOC scale used Original version is 29 questions Used 13 questions Majority of participants college students Age, income and education level Type of mental health services sought
- 23. Future Research Moreresearch on gender and sub-factors that influence attitude Help men overcome traditionally negative views about asking for help More research on Locus of control In relation to attitude and help seeking behavior Help clients/potential clients become empowered Counselors and psychotherapists need help in mediating negative attitudes toward help seeking.
- 24. Other Influencing Factors for future Research Fear of Stigma Age Income level Education level Culture Religion
- 25. Seeking help forcommon societal stresses is important: Stress management Depression caused by life events Addiction Mental illness Professional Psychological help can greatly improve these conditions or disorders
Editor's Notes
- #6 Research has found that: Attitude is an indicator of intention and Intention is an indicator of behavior. Society generally sees individuals with mental illness negatively