automatives to car in another feild.pptx

automatives to car in another feild.pptx

• 1.
  Presentation by : U.SaiDurga Prasad PGHEV - 8 Engine Components And Types
• 2.
  Definition: • An engineis a machine designed to convert energy into mechanical work. • Engine refers as "Heat engine is a device which converts chemical energy of fuel into Heat energy and this Heat energy further convert into mechanical work".
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  Working : • Electricvehicles are defined as vehicles which use an electric motor for propulsion. Electric vehicle is propelled by one or more electric motors, receiving power from an onboard source of electricity such as batteries, fuel cell, ultra capacitor, flywheel, etc. • When the car pedal is pressed, then: • Controller takes and regulates electrical energy from batteries and inverters. • With the controller set, the inverter then sends a certain amount of electrical energy to the motor (according to the depth of pressure on the pedal). • Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotation). • Rotation of the motor rotor rotates the transmission so the wheels turn and then the car moves.
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  LAYOUT OF ANELECTRIC VEHICLE
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  Types of EVs: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs): Solely powered by electricity stored in rechargeable batteries.  Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs): Combine a gasoline engine with an electric motor and a larger battery that can be charged by plugging into an outlet.  Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Combine a gasoline engine with an electric motor and battery, but the battery is charged solely through regenerative braking.
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  COMPONENTS OF EV:  Traction Battery pack  Battery  Power inverter  Electric motor  Dc/Dc Converter  Charge port  Charger  Power electronics controller  Battery management system  Energy management system  Transmission  Cooling system
• 7.
  Traction Battery Pack The traction battery pack is the main storage system of electrical energy in an electric car, similar to a fuel tank in a conventional car. It is essential for the functioning of the vehicle and its range depends on the kilowatt capacity of the battery.  The traction battery pack stores electrical energy and is equivalent to a fuel tank in an internal combustion engine.
• 8.
  Power Inverter The powerinverter plays a crucial role in converting DC current from the battery into AC current to power the electric motor. It also converts AC current generated during regenerative braking into DC current to recharge the battery. The power inverter converts DC current from the battery into AC current to power the electric motor.
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  Controller The controller actsas a regulator of electrical energy, determining the speed of the vehicle based on input from the driver. It plays a vital role in controlling the frequency and voltage of the electrical energy supplied to the motor. The controller regulates the electrical power from the battery to the inverter to drive the traction motor. An electric vehicle controller manages the operation of the electric motor, regulating speed, torque, and energy flow to optimize performance and efficiency.
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  Electric Motor The electrictraction motor is responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy to move the car’s wheels. It is a significant component that differentiates electric cars from conventional ones. The motor acts like a generator that is EVs employ regenerative braking systems that capture kinetic energy during braking and convert it into electrical energy to recharge the battery. This helps to improve energy efficiency and extend driving range.
• 11.
  Charger  The chargingport is where the electric vehicle connects to an external supply to charge the battery. It is an essential component that enables the vehicle to be powered up and ready for use.  An onboard charger is a charging device integrated into the electric vehicle itself.  It allows the vehicle to be charged directly from an external power source, such as a charging station or wall outlet, without the need for additional equipment.  An off board charger is a charging device located outside of the electric vehicle.  It is typically used to charge the vehicle's batteries when the vehicle is parked at home, at a charging station, or in other designated charging areas.
• 12.
  DC/DC CONVERTOR  TheDC-DC converter in an electric car serves to step down the high- voltage DC power from the main traction battery to lower voltages suitable for powering auxiliary systems and charging the 12-volt battery  This ensures that various components such as lights, HVAC systems, infotainment, and other electronics operate efficiently and reliably.  Additionally, it charges the 12-volt battery, which powers subsystems like lights, horn, and windshield wipers, maintaining their operation even when the main traction battery is disconnected or depleted.
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  Transmission  The transmissionin electric cars transfers mechanical power from the electric motor to the wheels. Unlike conventional cars, electric cars generally do not require multi-speed transmissions, contributing to their efficiency.
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  Energy Management System  Anenergy management system (EMS) in an electric vehicle (EV) is responsible for efficiently managing the flow of electrical energy within the vehicle's powertrain and auxiliary systems. It monitors the traction battery's state of charge and health, regulates power distribution between the battery, electric motor(s), and auxiliary components, controls regenerative braking to capture kinetic energy, maintains optimal temperatures for drivetrain components, and implements strategies to optimize energy usage and extend driving range. By coordinating these functions, the EMS ensures the EV operates efficiently, maximizes performance, and enhances overall driving experience.
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  • ADVANTAGES Mechanically simpler Runningcost per kilometer is extremely cheap. Zero emission vehicle. Also reducing greenhouse emission. They are very quiet in operation, it does not produce noise and vibrations. Easy to drive as there are no gears and clutch in these vehicles. Ideal for stop start city driving conditions. Power regeneration • DISADVANTAGES Vehicle range is limited on one charge. Top speed is limited It is heavy and bulky Limited public charging stations The initial purchase price of electric vehicles is often higher than that of comparable internal combustion engine vehicles due to the cost of battery technology. The environmental benefits of electric vehicles depend on the source of electricity used for charging, which may still come from fossil fuels in some regions.