Automobile - Steering System

STEERING
SYSTEM
By,
MOHAMED AZITH J
S7 – B
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• Collection of components which allows to follow
the desired course.
• In a car : ensure that wheels are pointing in the
desired direction of motion.
• Convert rotary motion of the steering to the
angular turn of the wheel.

NEED FOR POWER STEERINGNEED FOR POWER STEERING

TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEMTYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
• Rack and pinion type
• Recirculating ball type
• Worm and roller type
• Cam and lever type
• Screw and nut type

Rack and Pinion TypeRack and Pinion Type
 The pinion moves the rack
converting circular motion
into linear motion along a
different axis
 Rack and pinion gives a good
feedback there by imparts a
feel to the driving
 Most commonly used
system in automobiles now.
 Disadvantage of developing
wear and there by backlash.

Recirculating Ball TypeRecirculating Ball Type
 Recirculating-ball steering is
used on many trucks and
SUVs
 The steering wheel connects
to a threaded rod, similar to
a bolt, that sticks into the
hole in the block.
 When the steering wheel
turns, it turns the bolt.
 This bolt is held fixed so that
when it spins, it moves the
block, which moves the gear
that turns the wheels.

Worm and Roller TypeWorm and Roller Type
• The worm and roller
steering gear is much like
the worm and sector.
• But the sliding friction is
changed to rolling friction so
that less effort is required to
turn the steering wheel.
• The worm has an hourglass
shape, smaller in the center
than at the ends.
• The hourglass shape makes
the roller stay in better
contact with the worm teeth
at the ends of the worm.

Cam and Lever TypeCam and Lever Type

Power SteeringPower Steering
• Too much physical exertion was needed for vehicles
• External power is only used to assist the steering
effort.
• Power steering gives a feedback of forces acting on
the front wheel to give a sense of how wheels are
interacting with the road.
• Hydraulic and electric systems were developed.
• Also hybrid hydraulic-electric systems were
developed.
• Even if the power fails, driver can steer only it
becomes more heavier.

Electric Power SteeringElectric Power Steering
• Uses an electric motor to assist the driving
• Sensors detect the position of the steering column.
• An electronic module controls the effort to be applied
depending on the conditions.
• The module can be customized to apply varying amounts of
assistance depending on driving conditions.
• The assistance can also be tuned depending on vehicle type,
driver preferences

Electric Power SteeringElectric Power Steering

Electric Hydraulic Power SteeringElectric Hydraulic Power Steering

Hydraulic vs ElectricHydraulic vs Electric
Electric eliminates the problems of dealing with leakage and
disposal of the hydraulic fluid.
Another issue is that if the hydraulic system fails, the driver
will have to spent more effort since he has to turn the
power assistance system as well as the vehicle using
manual effort.
Hydraulic pump must be run constantly where as electric
power is used accordingly and is more energy efficient.
Hydraulic is more heavy, complicated, less durable and
needs more maintenance.
Hydraulic takes the power directly from the engine so less
mileage.

Hydrostatic Steering SystemHydrostatic Steering System

Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption

BENEFITS OF POWER STEERINGBENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

Automobile - Steering System

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