Automotive System : Alternative fuel Over View

Automotive System : Alternative fuel Over View

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  ALTERNATIVE FUEL Presented By: Prof.S.Sathishkumar Department ofMechanical Engineering Vel Tech ( Owned By RS Trust) Avadi-Chennai-62 [email protected]
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  Definition : It isdefine an alternative fuel as a product that is substantially nonpetroleum which yields energy security and environmental benefits.
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  Introduction The Energy PolicyAct of 1993 (EPAct) currently recognizes the following as alternative fuels: • Mixtures containing 85% or more by volume of alcohol fuel, including methanol and denatured ethanol Natural gas (compressed or liquefied) • Liquefied petroleum gas (propane) • Hydrogen • Coal-derived liquid fuels
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  • Fuels derivedfrom biological materials • Electricity (including electricity from solar energy) • 100% Biodiesel (B100) • Pure biodiesel (B100) is considered an alternative fuel under EPAct. But lower-level biodiesel blends are not considered alternative fuels
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  Characteristics of alternativefuels Primary Main Liquid Components Fuel or Source Gas Biodiesel Vegetable oil, Soybean oil Liquid animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease Compressed Methane Under- Gas Natural Gas ground (CNG) reserves Ethanol (E85) Denatured Corn, grains, or Liquid ethanol and agricultural gasoline waste Liquefied Methane that Underground Liquid Natural Gas is cooled reserves (LNG) cryogenically Liquefied Propane A by-product of Liquid Petroleum petroleum Gas (LPG) refining or natural gas processing Methanol Methanol and Natural gas, Liquid (M85) gasoline coal, or woody biomass
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  Alternative Fuel Vehicles Biodiesel(B20) Compressed Natural Gas(CNG)Electricity Ethanol(E85) Any vehicle that runs on diesel today- no modifications are needed for up to 5% blends. Many engines also compatible with up to 20% blends. Many types of vehicle classes. Neighborhood electric vehicles, bicycles, light-duty vehicles, medium and heavy-duty trucks and buses. Light-duty vehicles, medium and heavy- duty trucks and buses - these vehicles are flexible fuel vehicles that can be fueled with E85 (ethanol), gasoline, or any combination of the two fuels.
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  Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen LiquifiedNatural Gas (LNG) Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Methanol (M85) No vehicles are available for commercial sale yet, but some vehicles are being leased for demonstration purposes. Medium and heavy-duty trucks and buses. Light-duty vehicles, which can be fueled with propane or gasoline, medium and heavy-duty trucks and buses that run on propane. Mostly Heavy- duty buses are available.
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  Ethanol Ethanol Is AnAlcohol-based Alternative Fuel Produced By Fermenting And Distilling Starch Crops That Have Been Converted Into Simple Sugars. Feed Stocks For This Fuel Include Corn, Barley, And Wheat.
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  Ethanol can alsobe produced from "cellulosic biomass" such as trees and grasses and is called bio ethanol. Ethanol is most commonly used to increase octane and improve the emissions quality of gasoline.
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  Natural Gas Natural gasis a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly methane, and is produced either from gas wells or in conjunction with crude oil production. Natural gas is consumed in the residential, commercial, industrial, and utility markets. Natural gas can either be stored onboard a vehicle as compressed natural gas (CNG) or as liquefied natural gas (LNG). Natural gas can also be blended with hydrogen.
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  Natural Gas The futureholds great potential for natural gas because it can potentially be used in fuel cell vehicles to make hydrogen. Researchers found that fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen produced from natural gas could present an attractive solution for cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
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  Propane Propane or liquefiedpetroleum gas (LPG) is a popular alternative fuel choice for vehicles. Propane is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining so there is already an infrastructure of pipelines, processing facilities, and storage for its efficient distribution.
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  Hydrogen The simplest andlightest fuel is hydrogen gas. Hydrogen may contain low levels of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, depending on the source.
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  Hydrogen Hydrogen can beproduced using diverse, domestic resources including fossil fuels, such as natural gas and coal, nuclear; and biomass and other renewable energy technologies, such as wind, solar, geothermal, and hydro-electric power. Hydrogen will play an important role in developing sustainable transportation in the United States, because in the future it may be produced in virtually unlimited quantities using renewable resources.
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  Hydrogen Hydrogen is beingexplored for use in combustion engines and fuel cell electric vehicles. The energy density of hydrogen is very low under ambient conditions which presents greater transportation and storage hurdles than for liquid fuels. Storage systems are being developed to address these problems.
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  HCNG Natural Gas VehicleTechnology is supporting a project to develop heavy-duty HCNG engines and transit buses. The HCNG (20% hydrogen / 80% CNG) engines demonstrated lower emissions than similar engines fueled by CNG alone. This blend provided no significant change in fuel efficiency.
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  Electricity Trucks with ahybrid-electric power train combine a diesel engine and electric motor to drive the vehicle. Batteries capture and store energy providing a source of stored electric power for the motor during future acceleration.
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  ElectricityAll electrical chargingof the battery is provided by the hybrid electric power train, and no external electrical infrastructure, such as a power cord or electrical outlet, is needed. The balance between conventional and electric technology is an innovative method to improve environmental performance and decrease fuel use while eliminating the need for high electrical-demand infrastructure costs.
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  Methanol Methanol is producedfrom natural gas in production plants with 60% total energy efficiency. Methanol can be made with any renewable resource containing carbon such as seaweed, waste wood and garbage. Methanol offers the greatest hope for early and broad introduction of fuel cells that will make Electric Vehicles practical within the next few years
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  Methanol Whether reformed toprovide hydrogen for conventional fuel cells or used directly in the latest liquid fed cells, methanol will overcome the greatest remaining obstacle to commercialization, by offering the only economical way to transport and store the hydrogen needed for fuel cells. Methanol fuel cells will greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions for vehicles and virtually eliminate Smog and particulate pollution
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  Biodiesel  Biodiesel containsno petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression- ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications.  Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with petroleum in any percentage. B20 (a blend of 20 percent by volume biodiesel with 80 percent by volume petroleum diesel) has demonstrated significant environmental benefits.
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  Biodiesel Biodiesel is registeredas a fuel and fuel additive with the EPA and meets clean diesel standards established by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Neat (100 percent) biodiesel has been designated as an alternative fuel by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Department of Transportation (DOT).
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