Aviation Sector Report - April 2019

For updated information, please visit www.ibef.org April 2019
AVIATION

Table of Content
Executive Summary………………….….…….3
Advantage India……………………...….……..4
Market Overview ………………………….…..6
Recent trends and Strategies….…..………..18
Growth Drivers…………………….................22
Opportunities…….……….......………………33
Industry Associations……………....…...…...35
Useful Information……….......……………….37

For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgAviation3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Travel and Tourism Total Contribution to GDP* (US$ billion)
234.03 247.30
492.21
0
200
400
600
2017 2018 2028F
Business and Leisure Travel Spending (US$ billion)
201.71 234.44
432.35
11.61 12.86 24.41
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
2017 2018E 2028F
Leisure Travel Business Travel
Air passenger traffic in India (million)
Source: World Travel and Tourism Council, Airport Authority of India
308.75 316.51
421.00
0
100
200
300
400
500
FY18 FY19** 2020F
 India is set to surpass UK and become the third largest aviation
market around 2024.^
 By 2020, passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase
to 421 million from 308.75 million in 2017-18.
 During Apr 2018-Feb 2019, air passenger traffic stood at 316.51
million.
 Contribution of travel and tourism to India’s GDP increased to US$
247.30 billion in 2018 from US$ 234.03 billion in 2017.
 The contribution is further forecasted to increase to US$ 492.21
billion by 2028F.
 Business and leisure travel to boost growth.
 Spending on business travel increased to US$ 234.44 billion in 2018
from US$ 201.71 billion in 2017, while spending on leisure travel
increased to US$ 12.86 billion in 2018 from US$ 11.61 billion in
2017.
CAGR 6.99%
Note: *At real prices, E – Estimated, F – Forecasted, Conversion rate - US$ 1 = Rs 65.12,
** - Up to February 2019, ^As per IATA forecasts

ADVANTAGE INDIA
 Rising working group and widening middle class
demography is expected to boost demand
 India has envisaged increasing the number of
operational airports to 190-200 by FY40.
 Country will become the third largest aviation
market in terms of passengers by 2024.^
 Growth in aviation accentuating demand for MRO facilities
 Expenditure in MRO accounts for 12-15 per cent of total
revenues; it is the second-highest expense after fuel cost
 By 2028, the MRO industry is likely to grow over
US$ 2.4 billion from US$ 800 million in 2018.
 Investments to the tune of Rs 420-450
billion (US$ 5.99-6.41 billion) are
expected in India’s airport
infrastructure between FY18-23#.
 Growing private sector participation
through the Public - Private Partnership
(PPP) route.
 The government has been encouraging
private sector participation
 Foreign investment up to 49 per cent is
allowed under automatic route in scheduled
air transport service, regional air transport
service and domestic scheduled passenger
airline.
ADVANTAGE
INDIA
Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation, MRO India, IATA, Crisil, FICCI, PWC
Notes: FDI – Foreign Direct Investment, MRO – Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul; FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), ^As per IATA forecasts, #As per CRISIL

EVOLUTION OF THE INDIAN AVIATION SECTOR
Source: Airports Authority of India, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Ministry of Civil Aviation, DGCA, News Articles
Note: *As per IATA forecasts, FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), mn km – Million Kilometers, ^ - as of July 2018, ^^ - As of October 2018, P - Provisional, #- up to March 2019
 India is the 7th largest civil aviation market in the world and is set to become the world’s 3rd* largest by 2024
 In FY18, airports in India witnessed domestic passenger traffic of about 243.28 million people.
 Investments worth US$ 6 billion are expected in the country's airport sector in 5 years
 In-service fleet size of scheduled Indian operators stood at 620 airplanes, as of July 2018. The number of airplanes is expected to grow to 1,100
planes by 2027.
Scheduled airlines: distance
flown (mn km)
Non-scheduled airlines in
operation
Number of aircrafts
(scheduled Indian operators)
Cargo handled
Number of operational airports 50
703,000
225
39
199
103
3,357,028
620
106
390.84 (2019P#)
(FY19^^)
(FY19^)
(FY18)
(March 2019)
2000

AIRPORTS AND AIRSTRIPS
Source: Airports Authority of India
Note: AAI – Airports Authority of India, JV – Joint Venture, FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), * up to February 2019
 Airports Authority of India (AAI) was –
• Established in 1994 under the
Airports Authority Act
• Responsible for developing,
financing, operating and
maintaining all government airports
• The Aircraft Act (1934) governs
remaining airports
Activity in AAI airports -
shares (%) – FY19*
Basic facts
82.66%
79.91%
36.21%
17.34% 20.09% 65.63%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
Aircraft movement Passenger traffic Freight Traffic
Domestic International
Activity in AAI airports - shares (%) – FY19*
Airports and
airstrips in India
(464)
AAI managed (125)
Non-AAI airports
and airstrips (339)
International (17)
Customs airports
(7)
Domestic airports
(66)
Non-operational (9)
Operational (90)
Civil enclaves (26)

MAJOR AIRLINES OPERATING IN INDIA
Source: Directorate General of Civil Aviation
SpiceJet
Market share: 13.6 per cent
Passenger load traffic: 93.0 per cent
GoAir
Jet Airways
Jetlite
Air India
Indigo
Note: Market Share and Passenger Load Data for the month of February 2019

MAJOR AIRPORTS IN INDIA
Source: AAI
Note: FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March)
Bengaluru
Passenger traffic handled in
FY16: 18.97 million
FY17: 22.88 million
FY18: 26.91 million
Apr 2018-Feb 2019: 30.46 million
Mumbai
Passenger traffic handled in;
FY16: 41.67 million
FY17: 45.15 million
FY18: 48.50 million
Chennai
FY16: 15.22 million
FY17: 18.36 million
FY 18: 20.36 million
Delhi
FY16: 48.42 million
FY17: 57.70 million
FY18: 65.69 million
Kolkata
FY16: 12.42 million
FY17: 15.82 million
FY18: 19.89 million
Hyderabad
FY16: 12.39 million
FY17: 15.10 million
FY 18: 18.16 million

AIRLINES DEMAND, CAPACITY AND UTILISATION
Source: Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Aranca Research
 Demand and Capacity in India’s civil aviation sector have shown robust growth.
 Capacity (Available Seat Kilometer) available in domestic flights has increased to 155,033.4 million km in FY19^. Correspondingly, demand
(Revenue Passenger Kilometer) for domestic services has grown rapidly to 136,631.4 million km in FY19^.
 Capacity (Available Seat Kilometer) available in international flights has increased to 126,054.2 million km in FY19^. Correspondingly, demand
(Revenue Passenger Kilometer) for international services has grown rapidly to 111,620.4 million km in FY19^.
 Growth in demand has consistently outpaced the growth in supply resulting in high utilisation (Passenger Load Factor). As of March 2018, India
had the highest utilisation (Passenger Load Factor) among the top seven aviation markets in the world.
Notes: *in million kilometre, ^provisional
54,464.6
62,172.2
63,987.8
69,275.1
71,510.9
61,788.8
70,182.9
76,147.7
81,720.7
91,245.0
101,669.6
126,054.2
36,129.6
40,740.8
45,483.2
50,464.2
53,710.0
48,468.9
54,897.1
59,879.8
64,821.4
71,444.1
82,367.0
111,620.4
66.3%
65.5%
71.1%
72.8%
75.1%
78.4%
78.2%
78.6% 79.3%
78.3%
81.0%
88.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19^
Capacity (Available Seat Kilometer*)
Demand (Revenue Passenger Kilometer*)
Utilisation (Passenger Load Factor in percentage)
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)International Demand, Capacity and Utilisation
57,901.4
59,159.8
61,090.5
68,215.7
78,638.8
76,147.9
80,716.2
84,805.5
97,728.0
116,944.8
134,541.2
155,033.4
40,697.0
37,703.9
43,959.4
52,707.3
59,084.1
56,739.2
59,138.9
67,023.2
80,965.9
98,641.2
117,041.7
136,631.4
70.3%
63.7%
72.0%
77.3%
75.1%
74.5%
73.3%
79.0%
82.8%
84.3%
87.0%
88.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19^
Capacity (Available Seat Kilometer*)
Demand (Revenue Passenger Kilometer*)
Utilisation (Passenger Load Factor in percentage)
Domestic Demand, Capacity and Utilisation

PASSENGER TRAFFIC…(1/2)
73.35
96.38
116.89
108.88
123.73
143.43
162.30
159.30
169.03
190.10
223.62
264.97
308.75
316.51
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19^
Source: Association of Private Airport Operator, Airports Authority of India
 Growth in passenger traffic has been strong since the new
millennium, especially with rising incomes and low-cost aviation.
 India’s passenger* traffic grew at 16.52 per cent year on year to
reach 308.75 million in FY18. It grew at a CAGR of 12.72 per cent
during FY06-FY18.
 Passenger* traffic in India during Apr 2018-Feb 2019 stood at 316.51
million.
 India has become the third largest domestic aviation market in the
world and is expected to overtake UK to become the third largest air
passenger* market by 2024**.
 Further, India is already the fastest growing domestic aviation market
in the world and air connectivity in the country recorded the highest
pace of 114 per cent globally between 2013-18**.
 Moreover, India’s domestic aviation market has recorded 52
consecutive months of double digit growth by December 2018
 By 2036, India is projected to have 480 million flyers, which will be
more than that of Japan (just under 225 million) and Germany ( just
over 200 million) combined.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Passenger * traffic (million)
Notes: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), *passenger – Domestic + International, #CAGR is till FY18, ^ - Up to February 2019, **As per
IATA
#CAGR 12.72%

PASSENGER TRAFFIC…(2/2)
50.98
70.62
87.06
77.30
89.39
105.52
121.51
116.97
47
51
168.89
205.68
243.28
252.92
22.37
25.87
29.81
31.58
34.37
37.91
40.80
43.03
46.62
50.80
54.72
59.29
65.48
63.59
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19*
Domestic International
Growth-Domestic Growth-International
Source: Airports Authority of India, Ministry of Civil Aviation
 Domestic passenger traffic expanded at a CAGR of 13.91 per cent
over FY06–18.
 International passenger traffic registered growth at a CAGR of 9.36
per cent over FY06-18.
 During Apr 2018-Feb 2019, domestic passenger traffic stood at
252.92 million while international traffic stood at 63.59 million.
 Domestic passenger traffic grew YoY by 18.28 per cent to reach
243.28 million in FY18 and is expected to grow to 293 million in
FY20E.
 International passenger grew YoY by 10.43 per cent to reach 65.48
million in FY18 and traffic is expected to grow to 76 million in FY20E.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)International and domestic passenger traffic (million)
Notes: E- Estimate, YoY – Year on Year, FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), * - Up to February 2019

FREIGHT TRAFFIC…(1/2)
1.40
1.55
1.72
1.70
1.96
2.35
2.28
2.19
2.28
2.53
2.70
2.98
3.36
3.25
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19*
 Freight traffic grew at a CAGR of 7.56 per cent during FY06-FY18 to
from 1.40 million MT to 3.36 million MT. During Apr 2018-Feb 2019,
total freight traffic handled stood at 3.25 million tonnes.
 Freight traffic on airports in India has the potential to reach 17 million
tonnes by FY40.
 Growth in import and export in India will be the key driver for growth
in freight traffic as 30 per cent of total trade is undertaken via
airways.
 In January 2019, the Government of India’s released the National Air
Cargo Policy Outline 2019 which envisages making Indian air cargo
and logistics the most efficient, seamless and cost and time effective
globally by the end of the next decade.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Freight traffic (million tonnes)
Notes: FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), #CAGR is up to FY18, FY19* - up to February 2019
#CAGR 7.56%

FREIGHT TRAFFIC…(2/2)
920.00
1,023.00
1,147.00
1,149.00
1,271.00
1,496.00
1,468.00
1,407.00
1,440.00
1,542.00
1,658.35
1,855.06
2,143.97
2,004.85
484.00
530.00
568.00
552.00
689.00
852.00
812.00
784.00
840.00
986.00
1,045.92
1,123.18
1,213.06
1,246.76
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19*
International( '000 Tonnes) Domestic ('000 Tonnes)
 During FY06-18, domestic freight traffic increased at a CAGR of 7.96
per cent, while international freight traffic grew at a CAGR of 7.30
per cent during the same period.
 In FY18, domestic freight traffic stood at 1,213.06 tonnes, while
international freight traffic was at 2,143.97 tonnes.
 During Apr 2018-Feb 2019, domestic freight traffic stood at 1.25
million tonnes while international freight stood at 2.00 million tonnes.
 By 2023, total freight traffic is expected to touch 4.14 million tonnes
exhibiting growth at a CAGR of 7.27 per cent between FY2016 and
FY23. In addition, international freight traffic is expected to grow at a
CAGR of 7.13 per cent while domestic freight traffic is expected to
grow at a CAGR 7.50 per cent between FY2016 and FY23.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)International and Domestic Freight Traffic
Note: * - Up to February 2019

AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.33
1.39
1.54
1.48
1.54
1.60
1.80
2.05
2.32
2.39
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19*
Aircraft movement Growth in Aircraft movement
Source: Association of Private Airport Operators, Airports Authority of India
 Aircraft movement grew at a CAGR of 5.37 per cent from 1.31 million in FY07 to 2.32 million during FY18.
 During FY07-18, domestic aircraft movement increased at a CAGR of 7.38 per cent, while international aircraft movement expanded at 6.64 per
cent CAGR over the same period. India’s domestic and international aircraft movements grew 14.40 per cent y-o-y and 9.40 per cent y-o-y to
1,886.63 thousand and 437.93 thousand during 2017-18, respectively.
 During Apr 2018-Feb 2019, domestic aircraft movement stood at 1.98 million while international aircraft movement stood at 0.42 million.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Total aircraft movement (million)
Notes: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March) YoY – Year on Year, * - Up to February 2019
216
249
270
282
300
309
314
336
346
375
365
438
415
862
1,059
1,036
1,049
1,094
1,235
1,165
1,201
1,260
1,481
1,502
1,887
1,978
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19*
International ('000) Domestic ('000)
Growth-International(%) Growth-Domestic(%)
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Aircraft movement growth

KEY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PLAYERS
 Until 2013, AAI was the only major player involved in developing and upgrading airports in India
 Post liberalisation, private sector participation in the sector has been increasing
 Government of India has given ‘in-principle’ approval to 19 airports out of which 7 are going to be developed on a PPP basis with an investment of
Rs 27,000 crore (US$ 41.89 billion).
Major private
sector players
Development of Hyderabad International Airport; modernisation of
Delhi International Airport
Modernisation of Mumbai International Airport
Development of Bengaluru International Airport
Development of Simoga and Gulbarga airports in Karnataka
Notes: AAI – Airports Authority of India

Aviation
RECENT TRENDS
AND STRATEGIES

 Currently, six international airports have been completed successfully under PPP mode
 The sector is expected to witness investments worth US$ 25 billion by 2027.
 In November 2018, the Government of India approved a proposal to manage six AAI airports under public
private partnership (PPP). These airports are situated in Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Guwahati,
Thiruvananthapuram and Mangaluru. AAI received 32 technical bids from ten companies.
 Further, the Navi Mumbai airport is being developed under a PPP model by GVK Group subsidiary Mumbai
International Airport (MIAL) and City and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra Ltd (CIDCO)
with an investment of Rs 16,000 crore (US$ 2.22 billion).
 Rising business activity leading to higher demand for non-scheduled airlines
 As of October 2018, there are 106 operators (NSOP)
 Increasing use of development fees by airport developers and operators
 Airport Development Fee: Delhi, Mumbai airports to fund expansion
 User Development Fee: Hyderabad, Bengaluru airports for maintenance
 Indian airports are emulating the SEZ-aerotropolis model to enhance revenues; focus on revenues from
retail, advertising, vehicle parking, etc.
 With the initiative of displaying “Art for a cause,” Nagpur airport became India’s first airport to take up the
cause of empowering the girl child in a unique way.
 Absence of complementary meals in low-cost airlines have boosted the F&B retail segment at airports
NOTABLE TRENDS IN THE AIRPORTS SECTOR
Source: DGCA
Notes: FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), NSOP – Non Schedule Operators Permit
Rising private
participation and
Investments
Greater use of non-
scheduled airlines
User development fees
Focus on non-
aeronautical revenue

STRATEGIES ADOPTED…(1/2)
 Capacity will also increase with new terminals coming up in Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai and Kolkata
 Indian carriers are expected to double their fleet capacity to around 1,100 aircrafts by 2027 .
 In August 2018, SpiceJet operated India’s first ever test flight powered by biofuel from Dehradun to Delhi.
 In December 2018, IndiGo became first Indian carrier to have a aircraft fleet size of 200 planes.
 Indian LCC’S are looking forward to increase their ancillary services, without tampering their business
models. This includes services like lounge access, priority boarding, customer loyalty memberships and
customer meals
 The AAI has allowed the BRTS buses to foray in the airport premises in Surat. The initiative is to allow the
passengers to reach airports on time and allow smoother transit.
Source: Central Asia-Pacific Aviation
 Indian LCC’s are looking forward to increase their low cost products on routes which will take up to four
hours (shorter international routes)
 This will allow deleveraging of domestic fleet, increasing aircraft utilisation and improving commercial
performance
 Chennai, with its strategic location in South India has a strong potential to become a hub, with connecting
flights to Gulf and across South East Asia
Expansion
Ancillary services
Increasing operations

 In February 2019, the Government of India sanctioned the development of a new greenfield airport in
Hirasar, Gujarat, with an estimated investment of Rs 1,405 crore (US$ 194.73 million).
 Under Uttar Pradesh Budget 2019-20, the state government allocated Rs 200 crore (US$ 27.72 million) for
construction of Ayodhya airport.
 As of January 2019, the Government of India is working on a blueprint to promote domestic manufacturing
of aircrafts and aircraft financing within the country.
 In January 2019, the government organised the Global Aviation Summit in Mumbai which witnessed
participation of over 1,200 delegates from 83 countries.
 In December 2018, Kannur International Airport was inaugurated making Kerala the only state in India to
have four international airports.
 As of October 2018, the Government of India has released a policy on biometric digital processing of
passengers at airports called ‘Digi Yatra’, The policy will ensure uniform implementation and passenger
experience across Indian airports through a connected ecosystem.
 In September 2018, the Prime Minister of India inaugurated Jharsuguda Airport in Odisha.
 In September 2018, the Prime Minister of India also inaugurated Sikkim’s first ever airport, Pakyong
Airport. It is AAI’s first greenfield airport construction.
 Under Union Budget 2018-19, the government introduced NextGen Airports for Bharat (NABH)-Nirman
Scheme which aims a five-fold increase in India’s airport capacity to handle a billion trips per year.
 In February 2018, the Prime Minister of India launched the construction of Navi Mumbai airport which is
expected to be built at a cost of US$ 2.58 billion. The first phase of the airport will be completed by end of
2019.
STRATEGIES ADOPTED…(2/2)
Source: Central Asia-Pacific Aviation, News Articles
Note: AAI – Airport Authority of India
Government’s push

STRONG DEMAND AND POLICY SUPPORT DRIVING
INVESTMENTS
Strong
government
support
Inviting Resulting in
Policy support Increasing investmentsGrowing demandGrowing demand
Rising domestic and
foreign tourists and
travellers
Strong growth in external
trade
Greater government focus
on infrastructure
Increasing liberalisation,
Open Sky Policy
AAI driving large
modernisation,
development projects;
expansion and
upgradation of existing
airports; development of
low-cost airports
Increasing private sector
participation, increasing
greenfield projects
Expanding middle income
group and working
population
Policy sops, FDI
encouragement
Strong projected demand
making returns attractive

TRAVEL AND TOURISM
18.8
22.3
25.5
26.4
20.8
17.8
18.7
10.3
11.6
12.9
48.7
60.9
69.3
68.7
77.9
90.2
92.7
180.0
201.7
234.4
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Business Travel and Tourism Spending
Leisure Travel & Tourism Spending
Source: World Travel and Tourism Council, Make in India, Global Business Travel Association
 The share of travel and tourism in India’s GDP was 10.4 per cent in
2018. It is expected to grow at 6.9 per cent per annum between
2018E -2028.
 Emergence of business hubs like Mumbai (Finance), Bengaluru (IT),
Chennai (IT), Delhi (Manufacturing, IT) is likely to boost business
travel as well.
 Leisure travel spending (inbound and domestic) generated 94.8 per
cent of direct Travel & Tourism GDP in 2018, while business travel
accounted for the remaining 5.2 per cent.
 Leisure travel spending is expected to grow at 7.6 per cent in 2018
and rise to 7.1 per cent per annum between 2018E – 2028 while
business travel spending is expected to grow at 6.7 per cent in 2018
and rise to 7.0 per cent per annum between 2018E – 2028.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Travel and tourism spending (US$ billion)
Notes: IT – Information Technology, E – Estimate

EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
185.29
178.75
249.82
305.96
300.40
314.41
309.56
262.03
274.65
319.45
298.47
303.69
288.37
369.77
489.32
490.74
450.20
447.52
380.60
380.38
369.43
464.00
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Exports Imports
Source: Ministry of Commerce and Industry
 Over FY09-18,
• India’s exports expanded at a CAGR of 5.61 per cent to US$
302.84 billion in FY18.
• Imports registered a CAGR of 4.71 per cent which reached to
US$ 459.87 billion in FY18.
 Growing trade augurs well for airports as they handle about 30 per
cent of India’s total trade (by value)
 During April 2018-March 2019, India’s merchandise exports and
imports stood at US$ 331.02 billion and US$ 507.44 billion,
respectively.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Exports and imports (US$ billion)
Notes: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March), FY19* - up to February 2019
Higher aircraft
movement
Increasing airline
operators
Rise in freight traffic
Growth in passenger
traffic
FDI in aviation and
liberalised aviation
policy

Rising private
participation and
Investments
POLICY SUPPORT…(1/3)
Notes: India currently has bilateral air service agreements with 104 countries. These include Brazil, 27 members of the EU, and China. In 2008 traffic rights were been enhanced with
Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Qatar, Iran, Japan and Turkey, FDI – Foreign Direct Investment, GOI – Government of India
 Over 30 airport development projects are under progress across various regions in Northeast India
 AAI plans to develop over 20 airports in tier II and III cities in next 5 years
 The AAI plans to develop Guwahati as an inter-regional hub and Agartala, Imphal and Dibrugarh as
intra-regional hubs
 AAI is going to invest Rs 15,000 crore (US$ 2.32 billion) in 2018-19 for expanding existing terminals and
constructing 15 new ones.
 The Indian government is planning to invest US$ 1.83 billion for development of airport infrastructure along
with aviation navigation services by 2026.
Greater focus on
infrastructure
 With the opening of the airport sector to private participation, six airports across major cities are being
developed under the PPP model
 Currently 60 per cent of airport traffic is handled under the PPP model, while the remaining 40 per cent is
managed by the AAI
 Increased traffic rights under bilateral agreements with foreign countries
 India signed its 1st open skies agreement with Greece
 In May 2017, India and Spain signed an MoU for cooperation in civil aviation industry. The MOU would spur
greater trade, investment, tourism and cultural exchanges between both the countries.
 In April 2017, Brussels Airlines launched its service from Brussels to Mumbai, its 1st flight to Asia. The
launch is a part of Lufthansa’s group strategy to expand its business in India.
 In June 2018, India has signed an open sky agreement with Australia allowing airlines on either side to offer
unlimited seats to six Indian metro cities and various Australian cities.
Liberalisation, Open Sky
Policy
Northeast India

 The policy covers 22 areas of the civil aviation sector.
 Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) has been launched under the policy.
 Airlines can commence international operations and have to deploy 20 aircrafts or 20 per cent of total
capacity (whichever is higher) for domestic operations.
 100 per cent tax exemption for airport projects for a period of 10 years
 Indian aircraft Manufacture, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) service providers are exempted completely from
customs and countervailing duties
 In the Union Budget for FY19, Government of India, has earmarked US$ 60.15 million for Air India Limited.
 Also, an amount of US$ 11.32 million has been allocated to Airports Authority of India for 2018-19.
 The government has allocated a sum of US$ 710.38 million to Directorate General of Civil Aviation to
implement various schemes.
 The government has also supported the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security with US$ 7.62 million to meet
their expenditure.
 Allocation to Civil Aviation ministry with Rs 4,500.00 crore (US$ 6,237.01 million) under Union Budget
2019-20.
Source: : Ministry of Civil Aviation
Notes: AAI – Airports Authority of India, DGCA – Directorate General of Civil Aviation, FY – Indian Financial Year (April – March)
Taxes and Duties
Budgetary Support
National Civil Aviation
Policy, 2016

 The AAI plans to spend US$ 1.3 billion on non-metro projects over the 5 years (2013–17); mainly focusing
on the modernisation and upgradation of airports; New airports at Itanagar, Kohima and Gangtok are also
planned.
 The Government of Andhra Pradesh is to develop greenfield airports in six cities-Nizamabad, Nellore,
Kurnool, Ramagundam, Tadepalligudem and Kothagudem under the PPP model.
 Upfront subsidy has been proposed through which non-metro airports would be funded by imposing 2 per
cent levy on both domestic and international airfares.
 About 22 airports to get connected under regional connectivity scheme of AAI.
 India has envisaged increasing the number of operational airports to 190-200 by FY40.
 The AAI has developed and upgraded over 23 metro airports in the last 5 years
Rising private
participation and
Investments
 The GOI has allowed 100 per cent FDI under automatic route for greenfield projects, whereas, 74 per cent
FDI is allowed under automatic route for brownfield projects.
 100 per cent FDI is allowed under automatic route in scheduled air transport service, regional air transport
service and domestic scheduled passenger airline. FDI over 49 per cent would require government
approval.
 Approval of 49 per cent FDI in aviation for foreign carriers.
 FDI inflows in India’s air transport sector (including air freight) reached US$ 1,817.23 million between April
2000-December 2018.
Metro Airports
Non-metro airports
Encouragement to FDI

PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT IN AIRPORTS RISING
… (1/2)
 Recourse to the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model has boosted private sector investments in airports
 PPP route for five international airports (Delhi, Mumbai, Cochin, Hyderabad, Bengaluru) most noteworthy
 Increasing share of private sector in equity component of major airports –
• 74 per cent private share holding in IGI Airport (Delhi) - owned majorly by GMR (54 per cent), Fraport AG (10 per cent), Eraman Malaysia (10
per cent); rest of the shares owned by AAI
• 74 per cent private shareholding in CSI Airport (Mumbai) - owned majorly by GVK (50.5 per cent), Bid Services Division (Mauritius) Ltd. (13.5
per cent), ACSA Global (10 per cent); rest of the shares owned by AAI
• 74 per cent private shareholding in RGI Airport (Hyderabad) - owned majorly by GMR (63 per cent), Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (11 per
cent); rest of the shares owned by Government of India (13 per cent) and Government of Andhra Pradesh (13 per cent)
• 74 per cent shareholding in Kempagowda International Airport (Bengaluru) – owned majorly by Siemens Project Ventures, Germany (40 per
cent), Unique (Flughafen Zurich AG) Zurich Airport, Switzerland (17 per cent), L&T, India (17 per cent); rest of the shares owned by AAI (13
per cent) and KSIIDC, which is an agency owned by the state of Karnataka, India (13 per cent)
• In March 2017, by selling off 2 offshore bonds, GMR plans to raise US$250-300 million for refinancing their debt. In June 2017, GMR
announced plans to refinance loans and divest assets in road and power sectors to cut debt so as to invest up to Rs 7,400 (US$ 1.15 billion)
crore to expand Delhi and Hyderabad airports.
Source: Notes: KSIIDC – Karnataka State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd.

PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT IN AIRPORTS RISING
… (2/2)
Gulbarga Airport
Hassan Airport
Shimoga Airport
Bijapur Airport
Bengaluru
Participation in
international
airport projects
Terminal 3
construction in Delhi
completed in 2010
Terminal 3 - Total cost
US$ 2.7 billion
(including Terminal 3
and 1- D)
15 greenfield projects with
private sector participation
has been approved in May
2015
PPP format likely to
continue
In May 2016, US$ 2.23
billion of investments
were approved
byAirports Authority of
India (AAI) for
upgrading Indian
airports, over a period
of four years
Mumbai
(Modernisation)
Hyderabad
Delhi
(Modernisation,
Terminal 3)
Mopa Airport, Navi
Mumbai Airport, Shirdi
and Sindhudurg
Airports, Kannur and
Aranmula Airports,
Durgapur Airport, Dabra
Airport, Pakyong
Airport, Karaikal Airport
and Kushinagar Airport

SUCCESSFUL PPP AIRPORTS IN INDIA
Source: Association of Private Airport Operators
 Presently India has 5 PPP airports each at Mumbai, Delhi, Cochin, Hyderabad and Bengaluru, which together handle over 55 per cent of country’s
air traffic.
 Government of India has approved 15 greenfield PPP projects which are expected to increase the air traffic in India. These projects would be
setup in Goa, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Sikkim, Puducherry and Uttar
Pradesh.
 Government of Maharashtra has approved development of Nagpur airport on a PPP basis and allocated Rs 100 crore (US$ 15.45 million) for it in
State Budget 2018-19. The airport will be upgraded on a DBFOT basis with a private player operating it for 60 years.
Notes: BOOT - Build Own Operate Transfer; BOO - Build Own Operate, DBFTO – Design Build Finance Operate Transfer
Name of airport Operator
Type of project/
PPP structure
Revenue sharing
Chhatrapati Shivaji
International Airport
Mumbai International Airport Ltd (MIAL) Brownfield/BOOT 38.7 per cent of gross revenue to be shared with AAI
Indira Gandhi
Delhi International Airport Ltd (DIAL) Brownfield/BOOT 45.9 per cent of gross revenue to be shared with AAI
Rajiv Gandhi
GMR Hyderabad International Airport Ltd
(GHIAL)
Greenfield/BOOT
Concession fees - 4 per cent of gross revenue to be
shared with AAI
Bengaluru
Bengaluru International Airport
Ltd (BIAL)
Greenfield/BOOT
Concession fees – 4 per cent of gross revenue to be
shared with AAI
Cochin
Cochin International Airport Ltd (CIAL) Greenfield/BOO
Payment of dividend to the Government towards
their 26 per cent of equity capital

FOREIGN PLAYERS
Major foreign players Airport Stake (%) Description
Airports Company South Africa Global Mumbai International Airport Pvt Ltd 10
Operates and owns 9 airports in South
Africa
Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad
Delhi International Airport Pvt Ltd 10 Operates and manages 5 international
gateways, 16 domestic airports, to 18 short
take-off and landing ports (Short Take-off
and Landing ports) that serves the rural and
remote areas in Malaysia
Hyderabad International Airport Pvt Ltd 11
Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide Delhi International Airport Pvt Ltd 10
Global airport operator that offers airport
management services including terminal
and traffic management, baggage and
cargo handling and aviation ground
handling
AirAsia
Joint venture with Tata sons and
Arun Bhatia
49
AirAsia is a Malaysian low-cost carrier. It
has formed a JV AirAsia (India) Pvt Ltd with
Tata Sons (30 per cent stake) and Arun
Bhatia via Telestra Tradeplace (21 per cent
stake) in March 2013. Tata Sons planning
to raise its stake to 41.06 per cent as on
August 14, 2015
Jet Airways Aeromexico Signed a MoU
Partnered with Aeromexico for codeshare
flights and frequent flyers programme

OPPORTUNITIES
 Success of PPP formats will raise
investment in existing and greenfield
airports
 Private sector participation in 6 existing
airports operated by AAI is likely to
increase investment opportunities for
airport sector
 Government of India has launched
NABH-Nirman Scheme which is aimed at
increasing India’s airports’ capacity.
According to various estimates, India will
require investments worth Rs 3 - 4 lakh
crore (US - 62.06 million) to achieve a
capacity for having a billion trips per
year.
Policy support and demand growth
unlocking large investment potential
 India’s MRO industry is expected to grow
from US$ 800 million in 2018 to more than
US$ 2.4 billion by 2028.
 Indian airline companies spend over 12–
15 per cent of their revenues on
maintenance, which is the second highest
cost component after fuel.
 The government has envisaged making
India a global MRO hub, handling nearly
90 per cent of the MRO needs of Indian
operators and obtaining around 20 per
cent of the MRO revenue from foreign-
registered aircraft.
 To achieve this the government has
proposed various key steps including
setting up of a high-power task force for
promotion of MRO, declaration of MRO
and component warehouses as free trade
zones with zero per cent GST, import
restrictions
Huge potential to develop India as an
MRO hub
 Airport developers can now draw on
wider revenue opportunities such as
retail, advertising and vehicle parking
 Future operators will benefit from
greater operational efficiency due to
satellite based navigation systems
like ‘Project Gagan’ which is in
development phase
Leverage on non-aeronautical
revenues, improved technology
Source: FICCI Vision 2040 for the Civil Aviation Industry in India
Notes: PPP – Public Private Partnership, NABH – NextGen Airports for Bharat, MRO – Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul, GST – Goods and Services Tax

Aviation
INDUSTRY
ASSOCIATIONS

INDUSTRY ORGANISATIONS
Airports Authority of India (AAI)
Address: Aurbindo Marg, Opp. Safdarjung Airport,
New Delhi –110 003
Phone: 91 11 24622495
Fax: 91 11 24629221
E-mail: dri@dgca.nic.in, dfa@dgca.nic.in
Address: Rajiv Gandhi Bhawan, Safdarjung Airport,
New Delhi –110 003
Phone: 91 11 24632950
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)

GLOSSARY
 AAI: Airports Authority of India
 ACI: Airport Council International
 CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
 FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
 FY: Indian Financial Year (April to March)
 So FY10 implies April 2009 to March 2010
 GOI: Government of India
 INR: Indian Rupee
 MRO: Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul
 PPP: It could denote two things (mentioned in the presentation accordingly) –
• Purchasing Power Parity (used in calculating per-capita GDP – slide 12, GROWTH DRIVERS)
• Public Private Partnership (a type of joint venture between the public and private sectors)

EXCHANGE RATES
Exchange Rates (Fiscal Year) Exchange Rates (Calendar Year)
Year INR INR Equivalent of one US$
2004–05 44.95
2005–06 44.28
2006–07 45.29
2007–08 40.24
2008–09 45.91
2009–10 47.42
2010–11 45.58
2011–12 47.95
2012–13 54.45
2013–14 60.50
2014-15 61.15
2015-16 65.46
2016-17 67.09
2017-18 64.45
2018-19 69.89
Year INR Equivalent of one US$
2005 44.11
2006 45.33
2007 41.29
2008 43.42
2009 48.35
2010 45.74
2011 46.67
2012 53.49
2013 58.63
2014 61.03
2015 64.15
2016 67.21
2017 65.12
2018 68.36
Source: Reserve Bank of India, Average for the year

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Aviation Sector Report - April 2019

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