Download to read offline
Uploaded byAtul Saini
axilla.pptx
The document describes the anatomy of the axilla, subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery, and intermuscular spaces in the arm. Key points include: - The axilla is a pyramidal space between the upper arm and chest wall containing lymph nodes, blood vessels and nerves. - The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery in the axilla and then the brachial artery in the arm, with named branches along its course. - The radial and ulnar arteries are terminal branches of the brachial artery, running in the forearm and hand. - There are three intermuscular spaces in the arm that contain named
More Related Content
axilla.pptx
- 1. Axilla • Also calledarmpit. • It is a pyramidal space situated b/w upper part of arm and chest wall. • It resembles four sided pyramid. • It has- An apex A base And four walls (boundries)- anterior,posterior, medial, and lateral.
- 2. • 1) Apex-apex is directed superiorly and medially towards the neck. • It is bounded anteriorly by clavicle, medially by 1st rib and posteriorly by scapula. • Superiorly apex is continuous as canal called cervico-axillary canal. Through which the axillary artery and brachial plexus enters the axilla.
- 3. 2) base- directeddownwards, and formed by skin. 3) anterior wall- formed by pactoralis major, pactoralis minor, and subclavius muscle. 4) posterior wall- formed by subscapularis, latissimus dorsi muscles. 5)Medial wall- formed by upper four ribs and serratus anterior muscle. 6)Lateral wall- formed by upper part of shaft of humerus and coracobrahiallis and short head of biceps brachii muscles.
- 5. • Contents ofaxilla- 1- axillary artery and its branches. 2- axillary vein and its tributeries. 3- brachial plexus. 4-Axillary lymph nodes. 5-long thoresic nerves.
- 6. Triangle of auscultation •It is small triangular interval, in the back. It has three boundries- Medial- lateral border of trapezius. Lateral- medial border of scapula. Inferior- upper border of latissmus dorsi. • Respiratory sounds herd through stethoscope are said to be batter herd over this triangle.
- 7. Subclavian artery • Itis a major artery that supply the upper limb. • Origin- Right Subclavian artery - rt. Subclavian artery is branch of brachiocephelic trunk. left Subclavian artery- lt. Subclavian artery is direct branch of arch of aorta. • Course- after its origin it lies behind the sternoclavicular joint (right and left), then it takes upward loop into the neck, and leaves neck by passing into axilla, where it continues as axillary artery.
- 9. cont. • Extent- itextends from its origin to the outer border of 1st rib. • Parts of artery- the sclaneus anterior muscle divides this artery into three parts- 1st part – it lies medial to the sclaneus anterior muscle. 2nd part – it lies deep to the sclaneus anterior muscle. 3rd part – it lies lateral to the sclaneus anterior
- 10. • Branches ofsubclavian artery- V- vertebral artery I- internal thoracic artery 1st part T- thyrocervical trunk C- costo cervical trunk 2nd part D- dorsal scapular artery 3rd part • Relations- 1st part- anterior- Platysma, Sternocleidomastoid, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve Below and behind - pleura, apex of the lung, first
- 11. 2nd part- Anterior- Scalenusanterior, below and behind- pleura, subclavian vein, Scalenus medius. Superior- brachial plexus. 3rd part- Anterior- subclavian vein Posterior- trunk of brachial plexus Superior- clavicle and subclavius muscle.
- 12. Axillary artery • Itis continuation of subclavian artery. • Extent- it extends from outer border of first rib to lower border of teres major. • Parts – pactoralis minor muscle crosses the artery and devides it into three parts- 1st part- superior to the muscle 2nd part- deep to the muscle 3rd part- inferior to the muscle.
- 14. Continue... • Relations- 1st part- Anterior-platysma, medial and lateral pectoral nerve, pacroralis major muscle. Posterior- 1st intercostal space, medial cord. Laterally- lateral and medial cord. Medial- axillary vein. 2nd part- Anterior- pacroralis major and pacroralis minor muscle. Posterior- posterior cord of brachial plexus Medial- medial cord. Lateral- lateral cord
- 15. • 3rd part- Anterior-pactoralis major muscle. Posterior- radial and axillary nerve. Lateral-musculocutaneous nerve, lateral cord. Medial- axillary vein, medial cutaneous nerve. BRANCHES OF ARTERY- (Save The Lions And Protect Species) 1-Superior thoracic artery – arises from 1st part 2-Thoracoacromial artery- arises from 2nd part 3-Lateral thoracic artery -arises from 2nd part 4-Anterior circumflex humeral artery- arises from 3rd part 5-Posterior circumflex humeral artery- arises from 3rd part 6-Subscapular artery - arises from 3rd part (Largest branch)
- 16. Brachial artery • Itis the continuation of axillary artery. Extent- it extends from lower border of teres major muscle to neck of radius/ medial to the tendon of biceps. Relations- Anterior- in upper part- medial cuteneous nerve of forearm. In middle part- median nerve. In lower part- bicipital aponeurosis.
- 18. Continue.. Posterior- triceps, radialnerve and profunda brachii artery. Medial- ulnar nerve Lateral- coracobrachialis and biceps muscle. Branches- 1- muscular branches 2- profunda brachii artery-Largest branch 3- superior ulnar collateral artery 4- inferior ulnar collateral artery 5- terminal branches- radial and ulnar artery.
- 19. Radial artery • Radialartery is smaller direct continuation of brachial artery. Course and extent- • it is quite superficial in its course. • Runs downwards in lateral aspect of forearm. • Leaves forearm by turning posteriorly and entering anatomical snuff box. • In hand it ends by forming superficial and deep palmer arch.
- 20. Cont... RELATIONS- Anterior- Brahioradialis muscleand skin. Posteriorly- Muscles attacahed on ant. Surface of radius. Medially- in U 1/3- pronator teres. in L 2/3 by flexior carpi radialis Laterally- Brachioradialis and Radial nerve.
- 21.
- 22. BRANCHES – inforearm- 1. Radial recurrent branch- runs upward and anastomose with radial collateral artery. 2. Muscular branches 3. Palmer carpal branch- arises near the lower border of pronator quadratus, and supplies the wrist joint. 4. Superficial palmer branch- forms Superficial palmer arch. In hand- 1. 1st dorsal metacarpal branch 2. Princeps pollicis artery- supplies to thumb. 3. Radial indicis artery- radial side of index finger.
- 23. Branches of radialartery
- 24. Ulnar artery • Ulnarartery is the larger terminal branch of brachial artery. It runs downwards in forearm and enters in palm by passing superficial to the flexor retinaculum. Relations- in upper part- muscles of flexor group Anteriorly- in lower part- skin and fascia Posteriorly- flexor digitorum profundus. Medially- Ulnar nerve. Lateral- Flexor digitorum superficialis.
- 25. Cont... BRANCHES- (in forearm) 1.anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent artery- anastomose with superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery. 2. Common interosseous artery- runs along the anterior surface of interosseous membrane. 3. Muscular branch- 4. Palmar and dorsal carpal branch- anastomose with palmar branch of radial artery. (in palm) 1. Muscular branch 2. Superficial branch 3. Deep branch
- 26. Inter muscular spacesin arm • There are three intermuscular spaces in arm- 1-Superior triangular space 2-Superior quadrangular space 3-Inferior triangular space
- 27. Boundaries and content 1-Superiortriangular space Boundaries- Superior- teres minor Inferior- teres major Lateral- long head of triceps. Contents- circumflex scapular vassels. Med. Lat. 2- superior quadrangular space- Boundaries- Superior- teres minor and capsule of shoulder joint. Inferior- teres major Medial- long head of triceps Lateral – shaft of humerus. Contents- axillary nerve and post. Circumflex humeral vessels.
- 28. Continue.. 3-Inferior triangular space Boundaries- Superior-teres major Medial- long head of triceps Lateral- shaft of humerus med. Lat. Contents- radial nerve and profunda brachii vessels.