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Azithromycin
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic with bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic properties, effective against a range of bacterial infections, notably respiratory tract infections and enteric fever. It works by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and resulting in bacterial growth inhibition. The medication is available in tablet and suspension forms, has a favorable dosing schedule, and is generally safe for use during pregnancy.
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Azithromycin
- 1. Product Info Modeof Action Indication Dose & Selling Points Presentation On Azithromycin
- 2. Azithromycin is abroad spectrum macrolide antibiotic. Azithromycin is an azalide, derived from erythromycin, and a member of a subclass of macrolide antibiotics with bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic activities. Product Information Chemical Structure Generic Name : Azithromycin Specification : USP Dosage Form : Tablet (3×4s) & Powder for Suspension (15, 35 & 50 ml) Composition : 500 mg per Tablet and 200 mg per 5 ml suspension. Routes : Oral Pregnancy Category : B Suffix : -thromycin
- 3. Why Bacteria needs protein? ForBacteria survive it requires protein for- A. Reproduction B. Growth C. Repair and D. Regulation of metabolism. Which are coded by unique genetic code present in DNA. Bacterial Protein Synthesis- There are two major steps in protein synthesis- Transcription Translation Bacterial Protein Synthesis
- 4. Firstly, the doublestranded DNA molecule must ‘unwind’ and ‘separate’ in the region which will code the specific protein. Transcription Secondly, RNA polymerase selects only one strand of the DNA. Finally, mRNA is produced which is the exact copy of the DNA segment.
- 5. Translation Complete mRNA detachesfrom DNA template and Ribosomes gets attached to the mRNA. Along the mRNA an alignment of tRNA molecules occur in sequence. Each tRNA carries an unique amino acid. These amino acids joints together to form a polypeptide chain which will release finished protein molecule.
- 6. Mechanism of Actionat a glance (Transcription & Translation)- mRNA is produced from Nucleus DNA molecule through the interference of RNA polymerase (Transcription). This mRNA act as a template and goes out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Ribosomes present in cytoplasm binds with mRNA molecule. A series of tRNA which individually carries a certain amino acids binds with the complex and creates a chain of amino acids which is termed as “Protein” (Translation).
- 7. How Azithromycin works Azithromycinbinds with the 50s Ribosomal subunit during Translation process. Leading to inhibition of- A.Transpeptidation B. Translation C. Chain elongation And ultimately “Bacterial Protein Synthesis”.
- 8. Mechanism of Actionat a glance Azithromycin Binds with 50s ribosomal subunits of bacteria Blocking the attachment of the transfer RNA-amino acid to the ribosome Blocking of Bacterial Peptide elongation Bacterial Protein synthesis is inhibited Bacterial growth inhibited (Bacteriostatic Action)
- 9. Azithromycin Erythromycin Topic Cardiac &GI side effects Less More Drug-Drug Interactions Less More Half Life 11-14 hr single dose, 68 hr multiple dose 1.5-2 hr Administration Orally better & can be taken with or without food. Orally less & should be taken without food. Activity in case of Gram(-) Bacteria Higher Lower Azithromycin VS Erythromycin
- 10. Clinical Study EfficacyAgainst Pathogens A.Gram Positive Aerobes : 1. Step. Pneumoniae 2. MSSA (methicillin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus) 3. Diphtheria (caused by Corynebacterium) *Except Enterococcus B. Gram Negative Aerobes : 1. M.catarrhalis 2. H. influenzae 3. B. pertussis 4. N.Gonorrhea 5. Campylobacter 6. Salmonella typhi 7. H.pylori *Not useful against Enterobacteriacae
- 11. Indications A. Enteric Fever: Typhoid Fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms may vary from mild to severe, and usually begin 6 to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. This is commonly accompanied by- Weakness, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Headaches and Mild vomiting. Fig : Salmonella typhi
- 12. B. RTI : Respiratorytract infection (RTI) is defined as any infectious disease of the upper or lower respiratory tract. 1. Bronchitis : Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. 2. Pneumonia : Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
- 13. 3. Sinusitis : Sinusitisis an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. Sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid. 4. Pharyngitis : Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx, which is in the back of the throat. It’s most often referred to simply as “sore throat.”
- 14. 5. Tonsillitis : Tonsillitisis inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. C. Acute Otitis Media : Acute otitis media is an inflammatory disease which creates an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with pain in the middle ear.. D. Other Complications may include : SSTI (Skin & Soft Tissue Infection), Dental Pain, STD : Syphilis, Gonorrhea etc.
- 15. • Adult :500 mg orally once daily for 7 days or more depending on the indication. : 1 gm orally as a single dose. • Child : 10mg/kg body wt. orally in a single dose once daily for 5 to 7 days. Azithromycin should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meal.
- 16. Side Effects Diarrhea Nausea & Vomiting Loss of appetite Headache & Dizziness Vision Disturbance &Rashes Low Blood cell count & Hemoglobin
- 17. Never skipazithromycin as it may increase the risk of further infection or resistance to it. Full Course Do not take antacids within 2 hours before or after taking azithromycin because antacids reduces the effectiveness of azithromycin. Antacids Precautions
- 18. oAllergy to Azithrom- ycin. oViral Infections (Flue or Common Cold). oHistoryof Jaundice or Other Liver Diseases. When not to take Azithromycin
- 19.
- 20. Drug Interaction Antacids (E.g. Aluminium or Magnesium) Digoxin Warfarin Ciclosporin Tacrolimus Colchicine Ergot Alkaloids (E.g. Ergotamine or Dihydroergotamine) Nelfinavir Cholesterol Lowering Agent (E.g. Simvastatin or Atorvastatin) Rifabutin Amiodarone Sotalol Can be given with following drugs : Ambroxol Cefixime Ceftriaxone Fluconazole Ornidazole Secnidazole Zinc Lactobacillus
- 21. Pregnancy Category B AzithromycinUSP 500 mg Tab, (15 ml, 35 ml, 50 ml)DS Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well- controlled studies in pregnant women.
- 22. Target Doctors : For Tablet : •Chest specialists •Skin & VD specialist •Medicine specialists •ENT specialists •Potential GPs Product positioning : It’s a drug of choice in… •RTIs •Typhoid fever For dry suspension : •Pediatricians •Potential GPs
- 23. Lower Treatment Cost Supply microb free DMwater with mango flavor which is highly palatable Short Duration of Therapy (5-7 d) Highly Effective and Safe Once Daily Dose Schedule 01 03 04 05 02 Selling Points $
- 25. Prepared By, Sabbir Ahmed StamfordUniversity Bangladesh.