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BACTERIAL DISEASE IN FISH.pptx
- 1. GOVT. E.R.R. P.G.SCIENCE COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY BACTERIAL DISEASES IN FISH SUBMITTED TO: DR. RASHMI SAO SUBMITTED BY: PRIYANKA DUBEY 210630 MSC IV SEM SUBJECT - AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES
- 2. What is bacteria? Bacteriashape Types of bacteria Difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Common symptom Causes Bacterial disease in fish oFurunculosis oColumnaris oDropsy oVibriosis oTuberculosis oBacterial gill diseases oFin rot / tail rot
- 3. • Unicellular orsingle celled microscopic organisms • Cell membrane made up of cellulose and chitin • Vacuoles • Gram positive and negative • Cell walls are thick and thin • Lack nuclei and other organised cells structure • Some bacteria are pigmented
- 5. Characteristics Gram-positive BacteriaGram-negative Bacteria Cell Wall Single layered smooth cell wall A double layered WAVY cell wall Cell wall thickness The thickness of the cell wall is 20 to 80 nanometer The thickness of cell wall is 8 to 10 nanometer Peptidoglycan layer It is a thick layer / also can be multilayered It is a thin layer / often single layer Teichoic acid Presence of teichoic acid Absence of teichoic acid Outer membrane The outer membrane is absent Outer membrane is present (mostly) Porins Absent Occurs in outer membrane Mesosome It is more prominent It is less prominent Morphology Cocci or spore forming rods Non spore forming rods Flat chala structure 2 rings in basal body 4 rings in basal body Lipid content Very low 20 to 30% Lipopolysaccharide Absent Present Toxin produced Exotoxins Endotoxin and exotoxin Resistance to antibiotics More susceptible More resistant Examples Staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc Escherichia, Salmonella, etc.
- 7. • Lethargic swimming •Loss of appetite • Respiratory distress • Jumping from the water • Colour of gill changed • Fins become frayed
- 8. • Poor waterquality • Fluctuation in temperature • Improper nutrition • Access waste deposition
- 9. • Furunculosis • Columnaris •Dropsy • Vibriosis • Tuberculosis • Bacterial gill diseases • Fin rot / tail rot
- 10. Causative agent –Aeromonas salmonicida • Furunculosis is highly contagious disease that affects fish of all ages. • The infection causes high mortality in salmonids though some other species of fish are affected. • Horizontal transmission occurs via the water column but also through direct fish-to-fish contact and animal vectors. Pathological sign – • Furuncles or boils involving skin and muscle progressing to lesions. • Haemorrhages on the skin mouth and fin bases. • Darkening of body colour and pale gills. • Stomach filled with mucus, blood.
- 11. Treatment • To drainthe pond andtreat it with slaked lime. • Treatment is done by removing the severely infected fishes from the pond and by supplying food containing antibiotics like introfurons or sulphonamides etc. • Disinfection may be done with 0.015% solution of merthiolate or 0.185% solution of acriflavine 1% provindon-iodine solution is most recommended once owing to its relatively less toxicity compared to other disinfectants. • Iodine is used to decontaminate the surface of fertilised eggs to prevent vertical transmission (passage of infection from parent to offspring).
- 12. Causative organism –Flexibacter columnaris / Chondrococcus columnaris • often mistaken for a fungal infection because of its mold-like lesion. • columnaris is a common bacterial infection in aquarium fish particularly live breeding fish and catfish. Symptoms – • White spots on mouth, edges of scale and Fins. • Fins disintegrate beginning at the edges. • ‘Saddleback’ lesion near the dorsal fin.
- 13. Treatment – • Addantibiotic in water. • Normally used antibiotic include the chloramphenicol (10ppm repeated at 2-5 days interval) and Furance (0.1-0.3ppm) in which the infected fishes with cotton mark disease are kept for a long time bath.
- 14. Causative agent -Pseudomonas puntata • Dropsy is an old medical term that was once used to describe swelling due to accumulation of fluids in the tissues or body cavities such as the abdomen fish suffering from dropsy often have a hugely swollen belly. • It was the most fairly disease in carp culture. Symptoms– • Swollen belly • Scale standout • Eyes bulge • Anus becomes red and swollen internal organs are affected most notably they liver and kidneys • Spine may become curved • Fish hangs near the surface
- 15. Treatment – • Removaland complete destruction of fishes followed by draining drying and disinfecting the fish pond with quick line is suggested to prevent spread of disease the. • Infected fish may be curd by a 2 minute dip in 5mg/ kmno4 solution. • Resistant strains bacteria may be killed by applying streptomycin or chloromycetin or oxytetracycline along with supplementary food or by injecting the severely infected fishes.
- 16. Causative agent– Vibrio anguillarum • This is, shaped bacterium it enters the animal via their food and attacks the gastrointestinal tract. • Found in all species in salt water. • It multiplies in the skin of salmonids but the toxins produced act on the circulating blood cells causing severe anemia. • This disease occurs more than readily at temperature above 11 degrees celsius. Symptom – • Large bright coloured body lisions in this skin and muscles. • Gills may bleed with slightly pressure. • Inflammation of intestinal tract. • Eye problems with cloudy eyes leading to pop-eye and finally eye loss.
- 17. Treatment - • Diptreatment in copper sulphate solution and application of antibiotics with artificial food may be considered as curative measures for vibriosis.
- 18. Causative agent -mycobacterium piscium • A bacterium closely related to mycobacterium tuberculosis called mycobacterium piscium can be present in wild caught as well as captive bred fish and stay lurking in our aquariums without us ever realising it. • Fish can be treated with the same drugs as humans get when they become infected by mycobacterium piscium, example kanamycin Symptom – • Fin rot, waxy coat body, ulcer on body. • Nodules in the internal organs • Loss of appetite • Loss body weight • Loss of scales loss of colours
- 19. Treatment – • Diptreatment for one minute in 1:2000 copper sulphate solution for 3-4 days may be useful. • Alternatively the fishes may be destroyed and the pond sterilized with KMnO4 or with soaked line restocking.
- 20. Causative agent –Myxobacteria • Colonization of damaged gills by these organisms in the condition known as “bacterial Gill disease”. • This reduces the ability of the gills to supply oxygen to the blood and results in mortality left unchecked. Symptoms – Swelling in gill lamellae Change in gill colour this
- 21. Treatment – • Applicationof antibiotics like neomycin chloramphenicol etc. may be useful in treatment of bacterial gill disease in fishes
- 22. Causative agent –Myxobacteria • Fin rot is one of the most common. • It is caused by several types of bacteria and often occurs concurrently with other diseases. Symptoms - • Finn edges turn white. • Fin fray. • Bases of fin inflamed. • Entire fin may rot away.
- 23. • Treatment – •Move sick fish to hospital tank. • Feed fresh high quality food. • Treat with antibiotics (MARACYN-2, a ten day course is ideal for ensuring the infection is eradicated). • Terramycin has proven to be quite effective but as both a bath and when used to treat foods for internal infection.
- 24. • Perform regularwater changes • Keep the tank clean • Clean the filter regularly avoid overcrowding the tank. • Use flake foods within one month of opening. • Use disinfect nets and other equipment.
- 25. • https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory- animals/aquarium-fish/bacterial-diseases-of-fish • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6295991/ •https://www.slideshare.net/sanchuyadav/bacterial-disease-of-fishes • YOUTUBE • GENERAL AND APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY – S.K. GUPTA & P.C. GUPTA