Bahede cultivation for medicinal purpose.pptx

Bahede cultivation for medicinal purpose.pptx

• 1.
  Common Name Gujarati:Baheda, Behedan, hero; Hindi: Bahera, bharla, bulla, lechara. sagona; Belleric Myrobalan Botanical name Terminalia bellirica Roxb. Family Combretaceae Baheda
• 2.
  Description: • It isa large deciduous tree usually with a straight tall bole, often buttressed at the base, usually attaining a height up to 18-24 m with a clear bole of 6-9 m and girth of 2.4 m. • The tree is recognized by its characteristic bark which is bluish-grey with numerous longitudinal cracks. • Blaze pale dirty yellow darkening to brownish colour on exposure, the juice turning black on the blade of the knife. • Leaves 7.5-20 cm by 5-15 cm. clustered towards the ends of the branches, alternate, broadly elliptic, dark green and glabrous, thick midrib with prominent lateral nerves. • Flowers pale-greenish yellow with a strong offensive smell usually in solitary spikes, hermaphrodite, upper flowers often male. • Fruit a dry fleshy drupe, 2.5 to 3.3 cm long, 1.3 to 1.9 cm in diameter, globose, grey-velvety, hard, thick walled, woody, obscurely 5-ribbed, containing a large stone, surrounded by dry greenish tissue.
• 3.
  Distribution: • The treeis found scattered in the greater parts of India except in the arid pans of Rajasthan. • In the Indian peninsula it occurs most frequently in the moist valleys. • The tree is a common associate of sal, teak and other important trees of the tropical moist and dry deciduous forests.
• 4.
  Site Factors Climate: Inits natural habitat, the absolute maximum shade temperature varies from 35-47 and the absolute minimum from 0° to 17.50 C. The normal rainfall ranges from 900 to 3800 mm or more. Geology, Soil and Topography: • The tree attains its best dimensions in the fertile and moist valleys having some depth of soil. • In the sub-Himalayan tract, it is found on shale, mica schist tertiary sandstones, shales and conglomerates of the Shiwalik ranges flanking the Himalaya • In the trap and laterites of Deccan Peninsula the tree does not attain large sizes. • It occurs in the plains and hill forests upto 900 m elevation in the sub- Himalayan tract and South India.
• 6.
  Artificial Regeneration: The treecan be raised by direct sowing, planting out entire plants or by stump-planting. Seed Collection and Storage: • The fruits ripen from November to February. • Freshly fallen fruits are collected off the ground, previously swept clean. • The pulp is removed immediately and the seeds are dried in the sun before storing. • The seeds store well for a year. Fresh fruits with pulp weigh 66 to a kg. • The depulped seeds after drying weighs 440 to a kg. • The germinative capacity of the seed varies from 54 to 69 % and plant percent from 36-58.
• 7.
  Nursery Technique: • Theseed is sown from March to May in lines 20 cm apart, the seeds being 5 cm apart. • Seeds are soaked for 24 hrs in water before sowing. • They may be treated with conc. H2SO4 for 12 minutes for better results. • Germination commences in about 2 weeks and completes in one month. • About 2-4 month old seedlings can planted out in July. • For road-side planting 14-16 months old plants can be planted. • The small seedlings can be raised in the polythene containers.
• 8.
  Planting Technique: •Two tofour month old seedlings can be planted best during July as winter planting is not successful. •Tall plants/seedlings are difficult to manage and small seedlings give 96 % survival •The seedlings cannot tolerate frost and killed back in the first and second year. •Growing of caster oil plant in between the, crops has been suggested for frost protection when grown in taungyas. The tree has also planted successfully on poor soils.
• 9.
  Direct Sowing: • Directsowing can be done in lines or trenches in June or even earlier in south India. • It is better to hold some seed in reserve for re-sowing in case of failure. • Weeding and watering have a marked effect on the establishment of crop. • Stumps are prepared from 12-15 months old plants which are planted in pits or crowbar holes in July-August. • Stump-planting gives as good results as compared to planting entire plants
• 10.
  Pests and Diseases: Thelarvae of Trabala Vishnou feed on the plant, Lamida carbonifera defoliates this plant by skeletonising and eating in irregular patches. The beetle and larvae of Thamnurgides indicus and T. opacifrons bore in the bark. Freshly felled timber is attacked by Aeolesthes holosericea Fab. T. vishnou The prophylactic measures in the post-harvest, debarking of logs immediately after felling, storage of logs in open exposed to direct sunlight are the methods suggested to control it.. The sawn timber is heavily attacked by powder-post borers (Coleoptera, family Bostrychidae, including Lyctidae. Among the fungi, Puccinea terminaliae causes woody galls on branches and leaves. Phyllactinia terminaliae causes powdry mildews, Fomes fastuosus F. robineae, F. senex and Ganoderma applanatum causes heart rot and Trametes lactinia causes white spongy rot.
• 11.
  Uses: • The timberis locally used for constructional work, planking, rafting, boards, packing cases, rough shafts, carts, side planks of boats, etc. • Due to its non-durability, it is not extensively used except for manufacture of heavy packing cases, tea chests commercial plywood for general purposes and block boards. • The wood, in mixture with other hardwood species has been found suitable for the manufacture of chemical pulps for writing, printing and wrapping paper. • The fruit is a well known commercial myrobalan called beleric myrobalan. • The flesh of full grown but not over-ripe fruits contains 21.4% tannin, while the stone contains 14 %. • It is also used for dyeing cloth and leather.
• 12.
  •Fruits a constituentof the Triphala in the native medicine. •The fruit is astringent,-the kernels of the fruits are eaten but are narcotic. •The kernels yield non-edible oil used in the manufacture of soaps with other oils. •The leaves are highly valued as fodder for milch cattle. •The leaves are also fed to tasar silkworm. •The tree yields a copious gum. •The bark contains 12.25 to 19.77 percent oxalic acid.
• 13.
  Thank You