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Bailment & pledge
A bailment is an agreement where one person (the bailor) delivers goods to another (the bailee) for a specific purpose, with the understanding that the goods will be returned or accounted for when the purpose is fulfilled. In a bailment, possession but not ownership is transferred. Examples include hiring goods, delivering clothes to a tailor for stitching, or delivering a car for repairs. The document then discusses different types of bailments and the rights and duties of bailors and bailees.
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Bailment is defined as the delivery of goods by one party (bailor) to another (bailee) for a specific purpose.
Bailment can be gratuitous (no remuneration, e.g., lending a book) or for reward (remuneration expected, e.g., renting a car).
In bailment, only possession of goods is transferred, unlike in sale where ownership transfers.
The bailee has various duties, including taking care of goods, returning them, and disclosing faults.
The bailor's rights include delivering goods to joint bailors and applying for court action to stop delivery.
If a finder takes charge of lost goods, they become a bailee with similar responsibilities.
Lien allows a bailee to retain property until debts are paid. Two types include general and particular lien.
Bailment can serve any purpose; a pledge secures a debt. Defaults result in different rights for bailor and pledgee.
Pledgee's duties include preserving the goods and handling extraordinary expenses, along with rights upon default.
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Bailment & pledge
- 2. “A bailment isa transaction whereby one person delivers goods to another person for some purpose, upon a contract that they are, when the purpose is accomplished to be returned or otherwise disposed of according to the directions of the person delivering them.”
- 3. Examples of Bailment Hiringof Goods Delivering of cloth to tailor for stiching Delivering a car or scooter for repair
- 4. The person whodelivers the goods is called the Bailor and the person to whom they are delivered is called the Bailee. The transaction is called a Bailment
- 5. GRATUITOUS BAILMENT BAILMENT- FORREWARD OR NONGRATITIOUS BAILMENT
- 6. GRATUITOUS BAILMENT Bailment inwhich neither the bailor nor the bailee is entitled to any remuneration. eg- lending a book to friend BAILMENT- FOR REWARD Bailment in which either the bailor or the bailee is entitled to remuneration is called Non-Gratitious Bailment. eg- Motor Car let out for Hire.
- 7. In sale, theownership is transferred and he is under no obligation to return the goods. In Bailment, only possession is transferred and not the ownership of goods.
- 8. 1. Enforcement ofBailee’s Duty 2. Right to terminate bailment if the bailee uses the goods wrongfully 3. Right to demand return of goods at any time in case of gratitious bailment
- 9. 1. Duty totake reasonable care of goods delivered to him. 2. Duty not to make unauthorised use of goods. 3. Duty not to mix goods bailed with his own goods.( goods can be separated or can’t be separated) 4. Duty to return the goods 5. Duty to deliver any accretion (increase/ decrease)
- 10. 1. Duty todisclose faults in goods bailed. 2. Duty to repay necessary expenses in case of gratitious bailment.( eg- horse and its feeding expenses) 3. Duty to repay any extra ordinary expenses in case of non-gratitious bailment.(eg- horse falls ill , then his medical expenses)
- 11. 4. Duty toreceive the goods back. 5. Duty to indemnify bailee.
- 12. 1. Enforcement ofBailor’s Duties 2. Rights to deliver goods to one of the several joint bailor 3. Right to apply to court to stop delivery of goods. 4. Right of lien.
- 14. A finder oflost goods is under no obligation to take charge of the goods when he comes across them. But if he does take charge , he becomes responsible for the goods like a bailee in the gratitious bailment.
- 15. 1. Right totake permission of the goods until the true owner is found. 2. Right of lien over the goods for the expenses. 3. Right to sue for rewards. 4. Right to Sale
- 16. 1. The findermust try to find out the true owner of the goods.
- 18. Lien means theright to retain property until all debt or claim is paid. It means that if the lawful charges of the bailee are not paid, then he has right to retain the goods till all expenses are met.
- 19. There are twotypes of lien:1. General Lien 2. Particular Lien
- 20. General Lien meansthe right to retain all the goods of the other party until all claims of the holder are paid. Eg- If there are two loans from bank by a same person, then the bank has a right to retain the security of both the loans even if the amount of first loan has been paid.
- 21. A bailee hasa particular lien when he has rendered any service upon an article and is entitled to some remuneration for it. It is exercised if the services rendered involve the exercise of labour or skill.
- 23. “ The bailmentof goods as security for payment of a debt or performance of a promise is called a pledge”.
- 24. The bailor inthis case is called a pledger and the bailee is called the pledgee.
- 25. BAILMENT PLEDGE The delivery ofgoods may be for any purpose. The delivery is for specific purpose i.e. to provide a security for a loan. In case of default by a bailor, the bailee may retain the goods or sue the bailor for non-payment of the dues. In case of default by the pledger, the pledgee may retain the goods , he may also sell the goods after giving a reasonable notice of sale to the pledger. The bailormay use the goods if the contract of bailment so provides. The pledgee can’t use the goods which are pledged to him.
- 26. 1. Enforcement ofpledgee’s duty. 2. Defaulting pledger right to redeem. 3. Preservation and Maintenance. 4. Protection of debtors
- 27. 1. To compensatepledgee for any extra ordinary expenses incurred by him. 2. To meet his obligations on stipulated date and comply with the terms of the contract.
- 28. 1. Right ofRetainer 2. Right of retainer for subsequent advances 3. Right of extra ordinary expenses. 4. Pledgee’s right where the pledger makes default.
- 29. 1. To returnthe goods pledge on receipt of his full due.