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Baking
Flour is derived from cereal grains, root crops, and starchy vegetables. Wheat flour is the most common and is milled from the wheat kernel, which consists of the bran, germ, and endosperm. The endosperm contains starch, ash, fiber, and gluten proteins that are important for different baked goods. Different types of flour are milled and used depending on the baked item, such as whole wheat flour, bread flour high in gluten for breads, all-purpose flour, cake flour for cakes, pastry flour, self-rising flour, enriched flour, and bran flour.
Baking
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- 2. Dry Ingredients inDryIngredients in BakingBaking 1. Flour1. Flour 2. Sugar 3. Leavening Agent
- 3. It is derivedfromIt is derived from cereal grains, rootcereal grains, root crops, and starchycrops, and starchy vegetables.vegetables. FLOUR WheatWheat KernelKernel
- 4. From the wheatkernelFrom the wheat kernel the following are derived:the following are derived: BranBran – (12%) which is– (12%) which is the hard outer coveringthe hard outer covering Germ or EmbryoGerm or Embryo – (3%)– (3%) contains highlycontains highly concentrated oil, protein,concentrated oil, protein, vitamins and ash.vitamins and ash.
- 5. EndospermEndosperm – (85%)– (85%) whichwhich containscontains starch,starch, ash,andash, and fiber.fiber.
- 6. Amino acids, glutenin andgliadin - make up the long- make up the long protein strands knownprotein strands known as gluten.as gluten.
- 7. Different baked goodsDifferentbaked goods needs varying amountsneeds varying amounts ofof glutengluten. This. This determines the types ofdetermines the types of flour that are milled forflour that are milled for the market.the market.
- 8. The bread doughThebread dough needs the highestneeds the highest percentage of proteinpercentage of protein because of the highbecause of the high glutengluten requirements.requirements.
- 9. Classification ofClassification of WheatFlourWheat Flour
- 10. Whole wheatWhole wheat flourflour– It is– It is made bymade by grinding thegrinding the entire kernelentire kernel including theincluding the bran and germ.bran and germ.
- 11. It is usedItis used inin makingmaking breadbread becausebecause of itsof its glutengluten content.content.
- 12. Bread flourBread flour–– this is milledthis is milled from hard orfrom hard or soft wheatsoft wheat blend. It is alsoblend. It is also called strongcalled strong flour and hardflour and hard flour.flour.
- 13. It’s protein contentrangesIt’s protein content ranges from 12% to 14%. It has anfrom 12% to 14%. It has an off-white granular texture.off-white granular texture.
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- 18. All-purposeAll-purpose flourflour – this–this is alsois also known asknown as the familythe family or general-or general- purposepurpose flour.flour.
- 19. It is madeItis made weaker thanweaker than bread flour sobread flour so that it can bethat it can be used for makingused for making pastries.pastries. Its protein content variesIts protein content varies from 10% to 11%from 10% to 11%
- 20. Cake FlourCake Flour–– as soft flouras soft flour wheat flourwheat flour because ofbecause of its weak orits weak or low glutenlow gluten content.content.
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- 26. Pastry FlourPastry Flour– also– also classified as softclassified as soft wheat flour. It haswheat flour. It has the same creamythe same creamy white color aswhite color as bread flour, butbread flour, but not as pure asnot as pure as cake flour.cake flour.
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- 35. Self-rising flourSelf-rising flour– a white– a white flour which has beenflour which has been blended with bablended with bakingking powder or bakinpowder or baking sodag soda and sometimesand sometimes with acidwith acid salt.salt.
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- 39. Enriched flourEnriched flour–– a whitea white flour with nutrientsflour with nutrients added to it.added to it.
- 40. Bran flour – consistsofconsists of bran flakesbran flakes added to theadded to the flour. It canflour. It can come I eithercome I either fine or coarsefine or coarse texture.texture.
- 41. Instant or QuickInstantor Quick mixing flourmixing flour – it is– it is processed byprocessed by moistening and re-moistening and re- dripping the flour.dripping the flour.
- 42. High Gluten flourHighGluten flour – flour– flour with high proteinwith high protein content.content.