Balaji A 2015021018

Balaji A 2015021018

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  COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURALTECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po), Via Vaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 Moko Wilt of Banana STUDENT Mr. BALAJI A ID. No. 2015021018 COURSE TEACHER Dr. PARTHASARATHY S Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology)
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  I Introduction • Moko wiltis an important bacterial disease of banana. • The disease is prevalent throughout the country. And almost all varieties of banana are susceptible to the disease. • It is widely distributed in tropical, sub tropical and some temperate regions of the world. • It is endemic to Central and South America.
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  Histroy • It wasfirst recorded in Guyana in 1840. • Reductions in yield due to Moko of up to 74% have been reported in Guyana. • A disease outbreak in Trinidad in the late 1890’s caused severe losses. • In India, the disease was first reported from West Bengal.
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  Symptoms • Leaves becomeyellow and progress upwards. The petiole breaks and leaves hang. • When it is cut open discolouration in vascular region with pale yellow to dark brown colour. • The discolouration is in the central portion of the corm. • Internal rot of fruits with dark brown discoloration. • When the pseudostem is cut transversely bacterial ooze can be seen.
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  Causal organism-Systemic position Domain: Bacteria Phylum : Proteobacteria Class : Betaproteobacteria Order : Burkholderiales Family : Burkholderiaceae Genus : Ralstonia Species : Ralstonia solanacearum
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  Pathogen • Pathogen isgram negative. • It is an aerobic non-spore forming bacteria. • Lophotrichus bacteria (More than one polar flagellum). • Multiplication occurs by bacterial fission.
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  Mode of Survivaland spread • Primary source of inoculum: The bacterium is soil/water borne and also spreads through infected suckers or rhizomes. It survives in susceptible host like Banana and Heliconia. • Secondary source of inoculum: Bacterial cells spread through irrigation water and also through suckers used for planting.
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  Favourable conditions • Soiltemperature 28-32°c • relative humidity 87-92% • PH slightly acidic to neutral • Soil clay loam and sandy loam soil
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  Life Cycle  Thebacteria survive through infected rhizomes and also in soil for 6 months to 2 years.  The spread is through use of infected rhizomes, cutting machetes at the time of planting.  Entry into the host is mainly through injuries such as those caused during various cultural operations and attack of insects and nematodes.
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   The bacteriamultiply rapidly in the xylem. Auxin balance of the plant is disturbed.  IAA is synthesized by the bacterium and by the host and accumulates due to inhibition of the auxin degrading system.  Loss of virulence in the bacterium is generally accompanied.
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  Management  Use diseasefree planting materials.  Use resistant varieties like Robusta and Grand Naine.  Infected plants should be collected and burnt.  Give proper drainage and avoid movement of water from infected to healthy plants.  Drip irrigation method reduces the spread of bacteria.  Avoid furrow irrigation and follow basin irrigation .
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   Apply CopperOxychloride @ 3gm per lit and Sreptocycline @0.5gm per lit as a soil drench.  Disinfect the irrigation water with 0.1% bleaching powder solution .  Spread bleaching powder or 10 % fresh cow dung slurry (100g/L)in the plant basin .  Drench soil with 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.4% Copper oxychloride (4g/L) .