Banana_disease_Lec-1.ppt.plant,,,pathology

Disease: Anthracnose of banana
CO: Colletotrichum musae
 The disease attacks banana plants
at all stages of growth
 Disease attacks the flowers, skin and
distal ends of banana heads

Symptoms
 The symptoms appear as large brown
patches covered with a crimson growth
of the fungus
 The diseased fruit turns black and
the fruit become shriveled, corky & rotten

Large
brown
patches
Black spot &
rotten area

Favorable condition
 Temperature 25-450C
 High relative humidity 60-85%

Control measures
 Care should be taken during harvesting
of fruits to avoid injury
 Dipping row banana just after harvest
at 50oC for 5 minutes
 Proper sanitation of handling and
prompt cooling to 14°C are essential in
minimizing the disease in cold storage
 Spraying of Chlorothanlonil (0.2%) and
Bavistin (1 %) four times at 15 days interval

Disease: Sigatoka / Cercospora leaf
spot of banana
CO: Cercospora musae
 Sigatoka is a common leaf spot disease
of banana and is universally present

Symptoms
 Light brown to yellowish initial spots are
appeared on the laminas of the older
leaves parallel to the veins
 The spots enlarge within a very short time
and form elongated spots, often spindle
shaped with dark brown margin with ashy
center which is also surrounded by
yellowish halo
 As the disease advances, several spots may
coalesce together to form large blighted
area and as a result the leaves dry up from
the margin to inwards

Light brown
to yellowish
initial spots
Spindle shaped with
dark brown margin
with ashy center
surrounded by
yellowish halo
large blighted area as a
result of dry up from the
margin to inwards

Favorable conditions
 High humidity
 Warm weather (23-250C)
 Heavy rainfall
 Heavy dew
 Poor or badly drained soil
 Heavy weedy or grassy field
 Close plantation

Control measures
 Destruction of infected leaves and then
burning or burying them
 Removal of diseased sucker
 Improved drainage
 Control of weeds
 Maintain correct plant spacing
 Diseased leaf should not be use of
packing materials
 Use of resistant cultivars Eg. Chinichampa
and all local varieties
 Spray Bordeaux mixture

Disease: Panama or Fusarium wilt
of banana
CO: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
 This is widespread and highly destructive
disease of banana
 This is a soil-borne fungal disease and
gets entry in the plant body through roots

Symptoms
 The first external symptoms of Panama
disease are a yellowing of the oldest
leaves or a longitudinal splitting of
the lower portion of the outer leaf
sheaths on the pseudostem
 This is followed by a wilting and buckling
of leaves at the petiole base
 As the disease progresses, younger leaves
collapse until the entire canopy consists
of dead or dying leaves

 When the diseased pseudostems are cut
open, the vascular strands appear as
yellow, red or white-brownish dots
and streak
 Eventually, large portions of the xylem
turn a brick red to brown color
 When the diseased rhizomes are cut open
reddish-brown to maroon staining of
vessels found

Yellowing of the
oldest leaves
Wilting & buckling
of leaves at the
petiole base
Entire canopy
consists of
dead or dying
leaves

Vascular strands
appear as yellow,
red or white-
brownish dots
and streak
Xylem turn a brick
red to brown color
Reddish-brown to
maroon staining

 Diseased rhizome and roots
 Clone propagation
 Continuous cropping of banana
 Storm damaged plants
 Poorly drained soils
 High moisture of the soil
 Heavy rains
 High inoculum potentials present

Control measures
 To avoid introduction of disease
 Sucker should be collected from disease
free grove for plantation.
 The diseased plant should be removed
from the field as soon as they are
detected and cut into pieces and burnt
 Growing of paddy followed by banana for
3-5 years once or twice
 Use resistant variety. eg. All local
varieties, Kabri, etc

 Pits should be sterilized with 2%
formalin or methyl bromide
 Use of quick lime near the base of
the plant and soaking with water
 Application of bioagents, such as,
Trichoderma viride or Pseudomonas
fluorescence in the soil is effective
 Dipping of suckers in Carbendazim
(10g/10 litres of water) followed
by bimonthly drenching starting
from 6 months after planting

Disease: Bunchy top of banana
CA: Banana Bunchy Top Virus
 Banana Bunchy Top is very common in
many country
 This is a serious disease which threatens
all banana varieties in commercial
plantations

Symptoms
 The infected leaves are erect, narrow,
stunted, rolled upwardly and often have
yellow leaf margins.
 Eventually, the crown of the plant is
composed of only stunted leaves, producing
a rosette or "bunchy top"
 The infected plant does not produce any
fruit or the bunch does not emerge from
the pseudostem.

Yellow leaf margin
Stunted
leaves,
producing
a rosette
or bunchy
top

 Presence of banana aphids
(Pentalonia nigronevosa)
 Infected planting materials
 Volunteer plants that serve as alternate
hosts; like ginger, and wild bananas
 Presence of weeds

Control measures
There is no cure for bunchy top viral disease
 Using diseased-free planting materials
 Controlling of aphids
 Using soapy water or insecticidal spray.
Spray the plants thoroughly, specially
on petioles, furled leaves, whorls, or on
young suckers
 Removing and rouging of infected plants

Try to eat disease free banana

Banana_disease_Lec-1.ppt.plant,,,pathology

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