1. Name:Nikita Patel
2. Roll No.:72
3. Batch:2022
4. Deled Manjhanpur
Kaushambhi
 Input Devices: devices
that input information
into the computer such
as a keyboard, mouse,
scanner, and digital
camera.
 Output: devices that
output information from
the computer such as a
printer and monitor.
 Computer Hardware
would include all the
parts of a computer.
 Computer Software
includes the programs
that are installed.. Or
the instructions for
completing tasks.
 CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the
Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the Computer.
 Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor
executes instructions. This is usually measured in
megahertz (MHz).
 Brands of Processors include:
 Pentium
 Celeron
 MAC
 AMD
 Cyrix
 Computer chip: also called the
microprocessor may contain an
entire processing unit.
 Computer chips contain millions of
transistors. They are small pieces
of semi-conducting material
(silicon).
 An integrated circuit is embedded
in the silicon. Computers are made
of many chips on a circuit board.
 The hard-drive is a mechanical
storage device typically located
internally.
 Fast recording and recovery of
data
 Large storage capacity
 Magnetic
 Primary storage device for data
and programs
 Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s
(Revolutions per minute)
 CD-ROM (compact disk read
only memory)
 An optical device read by
a diode laser
 Floppy diskette is
magnetic storage device
for small amounts of data
(1.44MB).
 FLASH drive is a compact
and portable electronic
storage device.
 USB (plug and play)
supported
 RAM (random access memory)
stores data that is processing.
This type of memory is erased
when the computer is turned
off.
 ROM (read only memory)
contains special instructions for
the computer to operate.
 Cache memory increases the
speed of the processor by
recording and anticipating
instructions.
 GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of images
and icons seen on the desktop used to operate
a program.
 The GUI makes the programs loaded on the
computer easier to access and use. Basic
Windows GUI
 Icons are small pictures that represent
files, commands, or windows.
 Windows is a GUI operating system.
 Video cards plug into the
motherboard and are used to
display video.
 VRAM is video memory that
enhances the refreshment rate
of the image.
 Video cards have chipsets that
can increase the speed of video
display.
Ports are an interface between the computer and another
peripheral device such as a disk drive, mouse, printer, modem,
monitor, camera, FLASH drive or keyboard.
Examples:
Serial
Parallel
hot-wire
USB
Peripherals are devices that
plug into a computer and are
not housed internally.
Examples:
Printers
Scanners
Cameras
 LAN: are networks usually in the
same company or building. The
Local Area Network is connected
via telephone lines or radio
waves. Most LANs connect
workstations.
 WAN: are systems of LANs that
are connected. (Wide-area
network)
 Bandwidth is how much
information can be carried in
a given time period (usually a
second) over a wired or
wireless communications link.
 Baud rate is the rate at which
information is transferred in a
communication channel.
 Multitasking is the ability to
execute more than one task
(program) at the same time.
Only one CPU is used but
switches from one program to
another.
 In multiprocessing, more than
one CPU is used to complete a
task. Example: network
rendering.
 Multimedia software programs
include sound, pictures, video,
text, and hypertext to create
presentations.
Software includes:
PowerPoint
Macromedia Director
FLASH
 Screen resolution is measured in pixel per inch
(ppi), and printer resolution is measured in dots
per inch (dpi).
 Computer screen resolution is approximately 72
ppi.
Width x Height (Pixels) Video Display
640 x 480 Low Resolution
800 x 600 Medium Resolution
1600 x 1200 High Resolution
 Resolution refers to the
number of pixels (picture
elements) in the monitor
image.
 Increased resolution uses more
computer resources but
increases the visual clarity of
the display.
 Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
 The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
 A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
 Typical units of measurement:
 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
 1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes
 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes
1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000 gigabytes or 1 trillon
 Saving files - know the difference
between “save” and “save as”. “Save”
will save the open document over the
saved document while “save as” creates a
new document if you rename the
document. Save often so work will not
be lost.
 Exporting – converts a native format to a
non-native file format used in various
software programs. In vector programs,
file types may be exported.
 Different programs have different file extensions.
 Naming files - avoid the following characters in naming files:
Examples:
 @
 *
 .
 Understand the parts of a path name.
Example: C:SciVismovie.avi
Drive designator Directory or folder File name File extension
 Merging files - in 3D
graphics, bringing an
outside file into an open
file (another name for this
may be loading or replacing
objects in the workspace).
 Importing files - bringing a
converted non-native
format file into an open
file.
Basic Computer Hardware and Software by nissi.pptx

Basic Computer Hardware and Software by nissi.pptx

  • 1.
    1. Name:Nikita Patel 2.Roll No.:72 3. Batch:2022 4. Deled Manjhanpur Kaushambhi
  • 2.
     Input Devices:devices that input information into the computer such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and digital camera.
  • 3.
     Output: devicesthat output information from the computer such as a printer and monitor.
  • 4.
     Computer Hardware wouldinclude all the parts of a computer.  Computer Software includes the programs that are installed.. Or the instructions for completing tasks.
  • 5.
     CPU (CentralProcessing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the Computer.  Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. This is usually measured in megahertz (MHz).  Brands of Processors include:  Pentium  Celeron  MAC  AMD  Cyrix
  • 6.
     Computer chip:also called the microprocessor may contain an entire processing unit.  Computer chips contain millions of transistors. They are small pieces of semi-conducting material (silicon).  An integrated circuit is embedded in the silicon. Computers are made of many chips on a circuit board.
  • 7.
     The hard-driveis a mechanical storage device typically located internally.  Fast recording and recovery of data  Large storage capacity  Magnetic  Primary storage device for data and programs  Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s (Revolutions per minute)
  • 8.
     CD-ROM (compactdisk read only memory)  An optical device read by a diode laser
  • 9.
     Floppy disketteis magnetic storage device for small amounts of data (1.44MB).  FLASH drive is a compact and portable electronic storage device.  USB (plug and play) supported
  • 10.
     RAM (randomaccess memory) stores data that is processing. This type of memory is erased when the computer is turned off.  ROM (read only memory) contains special instructions for the computer to operate.  Cache memory increases the speed of the processor by recording and anticipating instructions.
  • 11.
     GUI (GraphicUser Interface) is a set of images and icons seen on the desktop used to operate a program.  The GUI makes the programs loaded on the computer easier to access and use. Basic Windows GUI  Icons are small pictures that represent files, commands, or windows.  Windows is a GUI operating system.
  • 12.
     Video cardsplug into the motherboard and are used to display video.  VRAM is video memory that enhances the refreshment rate of the image.  Video cards have chipsets that can increase the speed of video display.
  • 13.
    Ports are aninterface between the computer and another peripheral device such as a disk drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor, camera, FLASH drive or keyboard. Examples: Serial Parallel hot-wire USB
  • 14.
    Peripherals are devicesthat plug into a computer and are not housed internally. Examples: Printers Scanners Cameras
  • 15.
     LAN: arenetworks usually in the same company or building. The Local Area Network is connected via telephone lines or radio waves. Most LANs connect workstations.  WAN: are systems of LANs that are connected. (Wide-area network)
  • 16.
     Bandwidth ishow much information can be carried in a given time period (usually a second) over a wired or wireless communications link.  Baud rate is the rate at which information is transferred in a communication channel.
  • 17.
     Multitasking isthe ability to execute more than one task (program) at the same time. Only one CPU is used but switches from one program to another.  In multiprocessing, more than one CPU is used to complete a task. Example: network rendering.
  • 18.
     Multimedia softwareprograms include sound, pictures, video, text, and hypertext to create presentations. Software includes: PowerPoint Macromedia Director FLASH
  • 19.
     Screen resolutionis measured in pixel per inch (ppi), and printer resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi).  Computer screen resolution is approximately 72 ppi. Width x Height (Pixels) Video Display 640 x 480 Low Resolution 800 x 600 Medium Resolution 1600 x 1200 High Resolution
  • 20.
     Resolution refersto the number of pixels (picture elements) in the monitor image.  Increased resolution uses more computer resources but increases the visual clarity of the display.
  • 21.
     Computer memoryis binary (0 or 1) (on or off).  The byte is the standard unit of measurement.  A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).  Typical units of measurement:  1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes  1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes  1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes 1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000 gigabytes or 1 trillon
  • 22.
     Saving files- know the difference between “save” and “save as”. “Save” will save the open document over the saved document while “save as” creates a new document if you rename the document. Save often so work will not be lost.  Exporting – converts a native format to a non-native file format used in various software programs. In vector programs, file types may be exported.
  • 23.
     Different programshave different file extensions.  Naming files - avoid the following characters in naming files: Examples:  @  *  .  Understand the parts of a path name. Example: C:SciVismovie.avi Drive designator Directory or folder File name File extension
  • 24.
     Merging files- in 3D graphics, bringing an outside file into an open file (another name for this may be loading or replacing objects in the workspace).  Importing files - bringing a converted non-native format file into an open file.