Basic structure of neuron
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Neurons process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals, with dendrites receiving stimuli that are either excitatory or inhibitory. The cell body produces proteins necessary for neuronal function, while the myelin sheath enhances the speed of impulse transmission along axons via saltatory conduction. Synapses facilitate communication between neurons, with neurotransmitters playing a crucial role in signaling across these junctions.
![Function of the Nucleus.
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully-enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains
the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of
proteins, to form chromosomes.ation to different neurons, muscles and glands.
Function[edit] The main purpose of a myelin layer (or sheath) is to increase the speed at which impulses
propagate along the myelinated fiber. Along unmyelinated fibers, impulses move continuously as waves, but,
in myelinated fibers, they hop or "propagate by saltatory conduction."
The major function of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells is the formation of myelin. Myelin acts as an
insulator of axonal segments and is a prerequisite for the high velocity of nerve conduction, of up to 200
m/second. The association of glial cells with axons is also found in invertebrates.
A neuron (/ˈnjʊərɒn/ NYEWR-on or /ˈnʊərɒn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is
an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These
signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells.
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or
chemical signal to another neuron.
Physiology Something that can elicit or evoke a physiological response in a cell, a tissue, or an organism.
A stimulus can be internal or external. Sense organs, such as the ear, and sensory receptors, such as those
in the skin, are sensitive to external stimuli such as sound and touch.
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission. They transmit signals across a chemical
synapse, such as in a neuromuscular junction, from one neuron to another "target" neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basicstructureofneuron-151204003458-lva1-app6892/85/Basic-structure-of-neuron-2-320.jpg)
Basic structure of neuron
- 1. Basic Structure of Neuron Function of Dendrites. In order for neurons to become active, they must receive action potentials or other stimuli. Dendrites are the structures on the neuron that receive electrical messages. These messages come in two basic forms: excitatory and inhibitory. The Cell body(soma) isthe factoryof the neuron.Itproducesall the proteins for the dendrites,axonsandsynapticterminalsandcontainsspecialized organellessuchasthe mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,endoplasmic reticulum, secretorygranules,ribosomesandpolysomestoprovide energyandmake the parts,as well asa productionline toassemblethe partsintocompleted products. The action potential travels from one location in the cell to another, but ion flow across the membrane occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier. As a result, the action potential signal jumps along the axon, from node to node, rather than propagating smoothly, as they do in axons that lack a myelin sheath. Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles that cluster beneath the axon terminal membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse. The axonal terminals are specialized to release the electrical impulse of the presynaptic cell. An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. Myelinated axons are known as nerve fibers. The function of the axon is to transmit inform
- 2. Function of the Nucleus. The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully-enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins, to form chromosomes.ation to different neurons, muscles and glands. Function[edit] The main purpose of a myelin layer (or sheath) is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber. Along unmyelinated fibers, impulses move continuously as waves, but, in myelinated fibers, they hop or "propagate by saltatory conduction." The major function of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells is the formation of myelin. Myelin acts as an insulator of axonal segments and is a prerequisite for the high velocity of nerve conduction, of up to 200 m/second. The association of glial cells with axons is also found in invertebrates. A neuron (/ˈnjʊərɒn/ NYEWR-on or /ˈnʊərɒn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. Physiology Something that can elicit or evoke a physiological response in a cell, a tissue, or an organism. A stimulus can be internal or external. Sense organs, such as the ear, and sensory receptors, such as those in the skin, are sensitive to external stimuli such as sound and touch. Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission. They transmit signals across a chemical synapse, such as in a neuromuscular junction, from one neuron to another "target" neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.