Basicnetworkconcepts 140422021634-phpapp01

INDE
X
 Definition & applications of computer
network
 Components of computer network
 Network benefits
 Disadvantages of computer network
 Classification by their geographical area
 Network classification by their
component role
 Types of servers

DEFINTION &
APPLICATIONS DEFINTION:
A computer network is defined as the
interconnection of two or more computers. It is
done to enable the computers to communicate
and share available resources.
 APPLICATIONS:
i. Sharing of resources such as printers
ii. Sharing of expensive software's and database
iii. Communication from one computer to
another computer
iv. Exchange of data and information among users via
network
v. Sharing of information over geographically wide
areas.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
 Two or more computers
 Cables as links between the
computers
 A network interfacing card(NIC) on
each computer
 Switches
 Software called operating system(OS)

NETWORK
BENEFITS
 The network provided to the users
can be divided into two categories:
i. Sharing
ii. Connectivity

SHARING
RESOURCES
 Types of resources are:
1. Hardware: A network allows users to
share many hardware devices such as
printers
, modems, fax machines, CD ROM, players,
etc.
2. Software: sharing software resources
reduces the cost of software installation,
saves space on hard disk.

OTHER BENEFITS OF
COMPUTER NETWORK
o Increased speed
o Reduced cost
o Improved security
o Centralized software
managements
o Electronic mail
o Flexible access

DISDAVATAGES OF
NETWORKS
o High cost of installation
o Requires time for
administration
o Failure of server
o Cable faults

CLASSIFICATION OF AREA BY
THEIR GEOGRAPHY

LOCAL AREA
NETWORK(LAN)
 LAN is a network which is designed to
operate over a small physical area such
as an office, factory or a group of
buildings.
 LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot
 Exchange of information and sharing of
resources becomes easy because of LAN.
 In LAN all machines are connected to a
single cable.
 Different types of topologies such as star,
tree, bus, ring, etc Can be used
 It is usually a privately owned network.

WIDE AREA
NETWORK(WAN)
 When network spans over a large distance or
when the computers to be connected to each
other are at widely separated locations a local
area network cannot be used. A wide area
network(WAN) is installed.
 The communication between different
users of WAN is established using leased
telephone lines, satellite links and similar
channels.
 It is cheaper and more efficient to use the
phone network for the link.
 Most WAN networks are used to transfer
large blocks of data between its users.

PERSONAL AREA
NETWORK(PAN)
 A personal area network is a computer
network organized around an individual
person.
 It generally consists of a mobile computer, a
cell phone or personal digital assistant. PAN
enables the communication among these
devices.
 It can also be used for communication
among personal devices themselves for
connecting to a digital level network and
internet.
 The PANs can be constructed using

CAMPUS AREA
NETWORK(CAN)
 The campus area network is made up of
an interconnection of LAN with limited
geographical area.
 Network equipments such as switches,
routers and the transmission media i.e.
optical fibre etc are almost entirely owned
by the campus owner.

METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK(MAN)
 It is in between LAN & WAN technology
that covers the entire city.
 It uses similar technology as LAN.
 It can be a single network such as
cable TV network, or a measure of
connecting a
number of LAN’s o a large network so that
resources can be shared LAN to LAN as
well as device to device.

PARAMETERS LAN WAN MAN
Ownership
of
network
Private Private or public Private or public
Geographic
al area
covered
Small Very large Moderate
Design and
maintenanc
e
Easy Not easy Not easy
Communicatio
n medium
Coaxial cable
PSTN or
satellite
links
Coaxial
cables,
PSTN, optical
fibre, cables,
wireless
Bandwidth Low High moderate
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
LAN,WAN,MAN

NETWORK CLASSIFICATION BY
THEIR COMPONENT
ROLE
LOCAL AREA
NETWORK
PEER TO PEER
NETWORK
CLIENT SERVER
NETWORK

PEER TO PEER
NETWORK
 In peer to peer network each computer is responsible for
making its own resources available to other computers
on the network.
 Each computer is responsible for setting up and
maintaining its own security for these resources.
 Also each computer is responsible for accessing the
required network resources from peer to peer
relationships.
 Peer to peer networkis useful for a small network
containing
less than 10 computers on a single LAN .
 In peer to peer network each computer can function as
both client and server.
 Peer to peer networks do not have a central control
system.
There are no servers in peer networks.
 Peer networks are amplified into home group.

ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES OF PEER TO
PEER NETWORKAdvantages:
 Use less expensive
computer hardware
 Easy to administer
 No NOS required
 More built in
redundancy
 Easy setup & low cost
Disadvantages:
 Not very secure
 No central point of
storage or file
archiving
 Additional load on
computer because
of resource
sharing
 Hard to maintain
version control

Basicnetworkconcepts 140422021634-phpapp01

CLIENT/SERVER
NETWORK In client-server network relationships, certain computers
act as server and other act as clients. A server is simply
a computer, that available the network resources and
provides service to other computers when they request
it. A client is the computer running a program that
requests the service from a server.
 Local area network(LAN) is based on client server
network relationship.
 A client-server network is one n which all available
network resources such as files, directories,
applications and shared devices, are centrally
managed and hosted and then are accessed by client.
 Client serve network are defined by the presence of
servers on a network that provide security and
administration of the network.

ADVANTAGES
ANDDISADVANTAGES OF
CLIENT- SERVER
NETWORKAdvantages:
 Very secure
 Better
performance
 Centralized
backup
 very reliable
Disadvantage
s: requires
professional
administration
 More
hardware-
intensive
 More
software
intensive
 Expensive
dedicated

TYPES OF
SERVERS File server: These servers provide the
services for storing, retrieving and moving the
data. A user can
read, write, exchange and manage the files with the help
of
file servers.
 Printer server: The printer server is used for
controlling and managing printing on the network. It
also offers the fax service to the network users.
 Application server: The expensive software and
additional computing power can be shared by the
computers in a network with he help of application
servers.
 Message server: It is used to co-ordinate the interaction
between users, documents and applications. The data
can be used in the for of audio, video, binary, text or
graphics.
 Database server: It is a type of application server. It

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