Basic's of internet

Basic's of Internet
➢ What is meant by internet?
➢ History of internet?
➢ Internet uses?

What is meant by Internet??

The INTERNET is a network of computers, which
links many different types of computers all over the
world
 It uses the standared Protocol called TCP/IP

History of Internet?

ARPANET was the first WAN and had only
four sites in 1969.

In 1989, the U.S. government lifted restrictions
on the use of INTERNET, and allow its usage
for commercial purposes as well.

Operations of Internet
Packets of information flow between machines
governed by common rules (protocols):
 Internet protocol (IP)
 Transport control protocol (TCP)

Internet Protocol
● IP is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g.,
computer, printer) participating in a computer
network that uses the Internet Protocol for
communication.
● Ip address had two types IPv4 and IPv6
● IPV4 - The designers of the Internet Protocol
defined an IP address as a 32-bit number and this
system, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)

Internet Protocol (Continued)
● IPV6 – Due to the enormous growth of internet and
the depletion of available addresses,new version of
IP(ipv6) using 128 bit address
● IP addresses are binary numbers, but they are
usually stored in text files and displayed in human-
readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 (for IPv4),
and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (for IPv6)

Classes of IP address
ClassClass Start AddressStart Address End AddressEnd Address
A 0.0.0.0 126.255.255.255
B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
E 240.0.0.0 254..255.255.255
255.255.255.255 - Broadcast

Private ip address range
● 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
● Addresses: 16,777,216
● 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
● Addresses: 1,048,576
● 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
● Addresses: 65,536

TCP/IP
● TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol and
Internet Protocol
● TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying
how data should be formatted, addressed,
transmitted, routed and received at the destination

TCP/IP(Continued)
The TCP/IP had 4 layers
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Network Access Layer

Internet Domains
Domain Description
● .com Commericial organization
● .edu Educational institutions
● .gov Government websites
● .mil military groups
● .in indiaan groups
● .net network support centers
● .org non-profit organizatio

Uses of internet
● Research and homework
● Communication
● Shopping
● Games and Entertainment
● Exploring world
● Education

Networks
● What is mean by network
● How it works
● Types
● Features of networks

What is meant by Computer Network
● Two or more computers linked together - either by
cable or wireless router
● It allows to cummunicate and exchange the data
between the computers

Types of Network
● LAN (Local Area Network)
● MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
● WAN ( Wide Area Network)
●

Host
● A host is anything that generates or receives data on
the data network
● A host is different from network equipment -
switches, routers, or hubs or gateways.
● Example : a personal computer, laptop, smart phone,
tablet, etc

Hub
● A common connection point for devices in a
network. Hubs are commonly used to connect
segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports.
When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the
other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see
all packets.

Switch
A device that filters and forwards packets between
LAN segments. Switches operate at the data link
layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer
(layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore
support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches
to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the
case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.

Router
A device that forwards data packets along
networks. A router is connected to at least two
networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN
and its ISP's network. Routers are located at
gateways, the places where two or more networks
connect. Routers use headers and forwarding tables
to determine the best path for forwarding the
packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to
communicate with each other and configure the best
route between any two hosts.

Static Web page
● It is a web page that is delivered to the user exactly
as stored in server
● It will display samething to all the users
● Static webpage developed by html
● Each webpage having seperated file
● Updates and changing is rare cases

Dynamic Webpage
● It is a web page with web content that varies based
on parameters provided by a user or a computer
program.
● Dynamic webpage writteen using by php, ASP.
● Its has diff databases to storing the data.
● Dynamic webpage will be frequently updated by
admin or application

Difference b/w static and dynamic webpage
Static webpageStatic webpage Dynamic webpageDynamic webpage
1.the whole code written in html The whole code Written in PHP, ASP.
2.static webpages can't be change once
developed if must mean can change front
page content using dreamviewer
Dynamic webpages can be change and
update frequent the content of the page
Easy to develope more complex comapred to static webpage
Static webpage cheapest to develope Dynamic webpage more cost to develope
pages
Each page stored in a each file Every page will be stored in single file
www.googlecalculator.com Maps.google.com,news website

Host request and response
Client Server
request
page
Establish a temporary connection between the client and server
Client sends the request to the server
Server returns the requested page or an error message
Client displays whatever the server returns
Disconnect

Web server
A Web server is a program that generates and transmits
responses to client requests for Web resources.
Handling a client request consists of several key steps:
Parsing the request message
Checking that the request is authorized
Associating the URL in the request with a file name
Constructing the response message
Transmitting the response message to the requesting client

Framework
● What is mean by framework
● How to build framework

framework
● Framework – Structure
● How to build framewok using a python??
● Framework is a set of rules and patterns
● Which one is contain Predifined classes and
methods that is called framework

How www.google.com works in
browser
● When you write www.google.com and hit enter
Computer
Www.google.com Www.google.com
IP Address
IP Address
Web document
Web document
Web documentWeb document

Basic's of internet

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