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Bearings.ppt
- 1. CTTC ,BBSR 1 Bearings Presented by -S.P. Rollsan Rout Rolling Contact Bearings – load is transferred through rolling elements such as balls, straight and tapered cylinders and spherical rollers. Journal (sleeve) Bearings – load is transferred through a thin film of lubricant (oil). Bearing is a system of machine elements whose function is to support an applied load by reducing friction between the relatively moving parts.
- 2. 2 Bearings Rolling Contact Bearings Loadis transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than sliding contact. CTTC ,BBSR
- 3. 3 Bearings Journal (Sleeve) Bearings Loadis transferred through a lubricant in sliding contact CTTC ,BBSR
- 4. 4 Journal (Sleeve) Bearings Thick-filmlubrication (hydrodynamic), pressure distribution, and film thickness. hmin = minimum film thickness, c = radial clearance, e = eccentricity CTTC ,BBSR
- 5. Mechanical Engineering Dept.5 Design Considerations • Bearing life and reliability • Bearing speed (rpm) • Space limitation • Accuracy • Bearing load – radial, thrust (axial) or both Radial load Radial load Thrust load Bearings are selected from catalogs, before referring to catalogs you should know the followings:
- 6. Mechanical Engineering Dept.6 Rolling Contact Bearings • Deep groove (Conrad) bearing • Filling notch ball bearing or maximum capacity bearing • Angular contact bearings (AC) 1. Ball bearings 3. Thrust bearings 4. Linear bearings • Cylindrical bearings • Needle bearings • Tapered bearings • Spherical bearings 2. Roller bearings
- 7. Mechanical Engineering Dept.7 Ball Bearings 1. Deep groove (Conrad) bearing • Primarily designed to support radial loads, the thrust capacity is about 70% of radial load capacity • Load capacity is limited by the number of balls
- 8. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 8 Ball Bearings 2. Filling notch or maximum capacity ball bearings Bearings have the same basic radial construction as Conrad type. However, a filling notch (loading groove) permits more balls to be used. • Thrust load capacity drops to 20% (2 directions) of radial load capacity. Notch • Radial load capacity is 20 – 40% higher than Conrad type
- 9. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 9 Ball Bearings 3. Angular contact bearings (AC) The centerline of contact between the balls and the raceway is at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. • Used for high radial and thrust load applications Extra support in the back Direction of thrust
- 10. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 10 Roller Bearings Roller bearings have higher load capacity than ball bearings, load is transmitted through line contact instead of point contact. Straight cylindrical roller Needle type
- 11. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 11 Roller Bearings Tapered bearings Designed to withstand high radial loads, high thrust loads, and combined loads at moderate to high speeds. They can also withstand repeated shock loads.
- 12. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 12 Tapered Bearings Indirect and Direct mounting Indirect mounting Direct mounting Indirect mounting provides greater rigidity when pair of bearings is closely spaced: front wheel of a car, drums, sheaves,.. Direct mounting provides greater rigidity when pair of bearings is not closely spaced: transmission, speed reducers, rollers,.. aa = effective bearing spread Measure of the rigidity of the bearing mounting
- 13. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 13 Roller Bearings Spherical bearings Bearing design uses barrel shaped rollers. Spherical roller bearings combine very high radial load capacity with modest thrust load capacity and excellent tolerance to misalignment.
- 14. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 14 Thrust Bearings Ball thrust bearing Roller thrust bearing
- 15. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 15 Roller Thrust Bearings Spherical Thrust Bearings Cylindrical Thrust Bearings Tapered Thrust Bearings
- 16. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 16 Linear Bearings
- 17. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 17 Bearings Load runners (idler-rollers) Roller bearing cam follower Flanged V-Grooved Spherical rod end
- 18. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 18 Bearings Airframe control bearings – designed to meet the specific needs of the airframe industry, meets military and national standards. Designed to carry heavy static load and will also handle oscillation or slow rotation. Track rollers, withstand heavy rolling loads.
- 19. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 19 Precision Bearings
- 20. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 20 Precision Bearings – High rpm Applications
- 21. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 21 Mounting Bearings Pillow Block Flange Common mounting, inner ring held in position by nuts threaded onto the shaft. Alternative method, inner ring is press fitted onto the shaft. Two-bearing mounting
- 22. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 22 Comparison of Ball Bearings
- 23. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 23 Bearing Comparison
- 24. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 24 Bearing Life If a bearing is clean, properly lubricated and mounted and is operating at reasonable temp., failure is due to fatigue caused by repeated contact stresses (Hertzian stress) Fatigue failure consists of a spalling or pitting of the curved surfaces Failure criterion – spalling or pitting of an area of 0.01 in2, Timken company (tapered bearings) – crack initiates below the curved surface at the location of maximum shear stress, propagates to the surface causing surface damage. Spalling
- 25. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 25 Bearing Life Life – number of revolution or hours of operation, at constant speed, required for the failure criterion to develop. L10 = 500 (hours) x 33.33 (rpm) x 60 = 106 = 1 million revolutions For ball bearings and spherical bearings: For tapered bearings manufactured by Timken: L10 = 3000 (hours) x 500 (rpm) x 60 = 90 x 106 = 90 million revolutions – defines the number of revolution or hours of operation, at constant speed, in such a way that of the bearings tested (from the same group) will complete or exceed before the first evidence of failure develops. This is known as life. Rating Life L10 90% – constant radial load that a group of bearings can carry for L10 life. Basic Dynamic Load Rating, C
- 26. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 26 Bearing Life L10 = (C / F) a , a = 3 for ball bearings and a = 10/3 for roller bearings F = applied radial load
- 27. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 27 Example Select a deep groove ball bearing for a desired life of 5000 hours at 1725 rpm with 90% reliability. The bearing radial load is 400 lb.
- 28. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 28 Bearing Reliability If a machine is assembled with 4 bearings, each having a reliability of 90%, then the reliability of the system is (.9)4 = .65 = 65%. This points out the need to select bearings with higher than 90% reliability. The distribution of bearing failure can be best approximated by two and three parameter Weibull distribution. Two parameter Weibull distribution for tapered bearings C10 C10 is the catalog basic dynamic load rating corresponding to LR hours of life at the speed of nR rpm. C10
- 29. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 29 Example Select a deep groove ball bearing for a desired life of 5000 hours at 1725 rpm with 99% reliability. The bearing radial load is 400 lb. C10 = 14.3 kN 30 mm Bore deep groove bearing For 90% reliability Use 99% reliability, R = .99 = 23.7 kN Select a 35 mm bearing instead of 30 mm for 90% reliability Lnew D = LD / .22 = 5000 / .22 = 22,770 hours
- 30. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 30 Design Life Suggestions and Load Factor Multiply design load by load factor.
- 31. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 31 Equivalent Radial Load Bearings are usually operated with some combination of radial and thrust load. Catalog ratings are based only on radial loads. Follow the guideline in catalogs to obtain the equivalent radial load.
- 32. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 32 Equivalent Radial Load P = XVFr + YFa P = equivalent load Fr = applied radial load (constant) Fa = applied thrust load (constant) X = radial factor Y = thrust factor V = rotational factor Specified by bearing manufacturer
- 33. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 33 Equivalent Radial Load
- 34. Ken Youssefi MechanicalEngineering Dept. 34 Thank You