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Bilingualism 123
This document discusses various aspects of bilingualism, including: - Bilingualism is the ability to communicate in two languages, with greater proficiency in one. Children can acquire two languages simultaneously through the same stages of development as monolingual children. - By age 3, bilingual children develop basic interpersonal skills in both languages and then cognitive academic proficiency. Accessing two languages early in life can accelerate verbal and non-verbal development. - Bilingualism benefits cognitive development, helping children solve mental puzzles, boosting brain function, and protecting against dementia later in life. It also influences social identity by challenging world views.
Bilingualism 123
- 1. Universidad Pedagógica ExperimentalLibertador Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas Departamento de Idiomas Modernos Programa Inglés Cátedra de Lingüística Let us know Some Information on Bilingualism Course: Didáctica del Idiomas Inglés Class: 001 Professor: Nahir Aparicio Student: Ramón Oviedo Caracas, February 2013
- 2. As it is known bilingualism is the act of learning/ acquiring two languages. It is the ability to communicate in two languages, but with greater skills in one language.
- 3. Some researchers explain that children can acquire two languages at the same time proceed through the same stages of language development as monolingual speakers learning the same language. The expressive language milestones are commonly extended by two to three months among before the age of three.
- 4. At the age of three, children should develop what Cummins (1984) calls „basic interpersonal communication skills‟. That is to say, children begin to acquire the basic, but ample vocabulary for their daily contexts. After that, they move on to the next stage which is „cognitive academic language proficiency‟.
- 5. Bialystok (2001) states that the development of two languages in childhood turns out to be a profound event that ripples through the life of that individual. Accessing to two languages in early childhood can accelerate the development of both verbal and non-verbal abilities. It was found that there are some cognitive processes, namely attention and inhibition that develop earlier and possibly more strongly in bilinguals, contributing to metalinguistic awareness and language learning.
- 6. Bilingual children not only experience and learn to master the social conventions and conversational styles of at least two languages. Their bilingual experiences „challenge their world views and social identity‟ as Bialystok explains and possibly give them different and broader perspectives on events and people around them.
- 7. According to Watson (1995), children who have learned an additional language need a consistent support in learning environment to maintain a “threshold” in the additional language. Children who receive consistent and appropriate input in both languages face less risk of language loss. When children do not receive sufficient language support, high exposure in the additional language may bring negative effect in first language acquisition to a certain extent.
- 8. 1. Compound bilingual is an individual who learns two languages in the same environment so that he/she acquires one notion with two verbal expressions. 2. Coordinate bilingual acquires the two languages in different contexts (e.g., home and school), so the words of the two languages belong to separate and independent systems. 3. Sub-coordinate bilingual, one language dominates. (D'Acierno, 2012)
- 9. 4. Simultaneous bilingual acquires two languages as "first languages". 5. Receptive bilingual is able to understand two languages, but expresses in only one. 6. Sequential bilingual learns one language after already established a first language.
- 10. It makes children be smarter, helping them to solve some types of mental puzzles, and ignore distraction. It has a positive effect on children‟s brain, not only improving their cognitive skills, but also shielding them against dementia and Alzheimer in old age. It helps the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. It helps infants to solve some types of metal puzzles. It helps to switch attention willfully from one theme to another and hold information in mind. (Viorica and Shook, 2012)
- 11. http://www.academia.edu/389219/Does_learning_another_language_m atter_to_Theory_of_Mind_- Young_childrens_bilingualism_and_Theory_of_Mind_development Bilingual Behaviour. Available at http://www.translationdirectory.com/article419.htm http://dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=39638 M. D'Acierno, (2012). Types of Bilingualism. Document on line: Available at http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=tr ue&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED321574&ERICExtSearch_ SearchType_0=no&accno=ED321574 M. Viorica and A. Shook, (2012). The Cognitive Benefits of Being Bilingual. Document on line: Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-of- bilingualism.html?_r=0