Downloaded 41 times
![Language Mixing
Using this definition, and presuming that
English is the dominant language in the
following utterances:
“Is this what we are having for dinner
today? Sira naba tuktok mo? [Are you
crazy?] It’s not Saturday and I don’t eat
tuyo [smoked/dried fish] except on
Saturdays. It just doesn’t seem right!”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sesion1bilingualism-160923214042/75/Bilingualism-38-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
![David Dodick[email protected]Bilingualism.docx](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/daviddodickemailprotectedbilingualism-230109150017-6c439d90-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Bilingualism
- 1.
- 2. Today’s lesson Topics: •Think about bilingualism •Typesof bilingualism •Bilingual phenomenons Activities: Bilingual facts Comprehending some videos Defining bilingual types Building bilingualism
- 3.
- 4. Bilingual thoughts …the normrather than the exception. 2 3 Bilingual s 50%
- 5.
- 6. 1. English 360million of native speakers 10. Chinese 955 million of native speakers 8. Spanish 405 million of native speakers
- 7.
- 8.
- 9. Knowing the Benefits Benefits ofknowing a country`s native language when traveling 3xOver 20 years Students abroad travel Each year the number of international students increases by Saving money safety Ordering food Making friends An increase of 12%1975 2009 800.000 3.500.000
- 10. Knowing the Benefits Bilingual peopleare sexy 270British dating agencies agreed people who know a foreign language are more attractive Love Children raised by bilingual couples are more likely to have better memory and overall intelligence hebrew russian french german spanish
- 11. Knowing the Benefits Mental benefitsof learning languages 4xLess likely to have Cognitive impairment intelligence Of those surveyed think that knowing a second language would improve their brain power Memory Multi- tasking aptitude health People who know 2+ languages are 95% 800.000 3.500.000 ✓✓ Bilinguals find easier to learn a third language than monolinguals to know a second one attention ¡
- 12. Knowing the Benefits Occupations inwhich knowing 2+ languages is beneficial 20%In certain jobs money Of those surveyed think that knowing a second language would help their career journalist Computer games designer Marketing manager engineer Multilingual employees can expect a salary uplift of up to 98% 800.000 3.500.000 Over 1/3 of businesses want people specifically for their language skills doctor
- 13. Knowing the Benefits Bilingual professionalscan earn at least business Of companies take language into account when recruiting 50% 800.000 3.500.000 It is estimated that 1 in 8 companies has lost business because of a lack of language competence 10% More than their monolingual peers 31% know 2 languages31% know 2 languages In a survey of international executives 21% know 3 languages 9% know 4 languages 4% know more than 4
- 14. Do you speakEnglish?
- 15.
- 16. “New studies areshowing that a multilingual brain is nimbler, quicker, better able to deal with ambiguities, resolve conflicts and even resist Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia longer.” - Jeffrey Kluger, Time Magazine Space & Science
- 17. Bialystock (2001) 1. Productive Bilingualism– speakers can produce and understand both languages. 2. Receptive Bilingualism – Speakers can understand both languages but have more limited production abilities.
- 18.
- 19. Compound vs. Coordinate •Compound bilingual: Has one semantic system but two linguistic codes. Usually refers to someone whose two languages are learnt at the same time, often in the same context. • Coordinate bilingual: Has two semantic systems and two linguistic codes. Usually refers to someone whose two languages are learnt in distinctively separate contexts • Subordinate bilingual: The weaker language is interpreted through the stronger language 19
- 20. Semantic system Haswings Has feathers Can fly Language code Orange Apple Bird naranja manzana pajaro 20 The mental lexicon of monolinguals
- 21. The mental lexiconof bilinguals 21 Semantic system Semantic System 1 Semantic System 2 English Spanish English Spanish Compound bilingual Coordinate bilingual
- 22. The mental lexiconof bilinguals 22 Semantic system English Spanish Subordinate bilingual
- 23. The mental lexiconof bilinguals 23 Semantic System 1 English Spanish Semantic System 2 English Spanish Semantic System 2 Semantic System 1
- 24. The mental lexiconof bilinguals Whether there are two or more systems depends on: –Age of acquisition –Learning/teaching method –Similarities and differences between the two languages 24
- 25. Early vs. Latebilinguals • Early bilingual: someone who has acquired two languages early in childhood (usually received systematic training/learning of a second language before age 6). • Late bilingual: someone who has become a bilingual later than childhood (after age 12). • Discussion: Is there a “critical period” for second language learning? 25
- 26. Early vs. Latebilinguals 26 How do we determine the age of acquisition? Early bilingual Late bilingual age 0 6 12 ?
- 27. Balanced vs. Dominant •Balanced bilingual: someone whose mastery of two languages is roughly equivalent. • Dominant bilingual: someone with greater proficiency in one of his or her languages and uses it significantly more than the other language. • Semilingual: –someone with insufficient knowledge of either language. 27
- 28. Successive vs. Simultaneous •Successive bilingualism: Learning one language after already knowing another. This is the situation for all those who become bilingual as adults, as well as for many who became bilingual earlier in life. Sometimes also called consecutive bilingualism. • Simultaneous bilingualism: Learning two languages as "first languages". That is, a person who is a simultaneous bilingual goes from speaking no languages at all directly to speaking two languages. Infants who are exposed to two languages from birth will become simultaneous bilinguals. • Receptive bilingualism: Being able to understand two languages but express oneself in only one. This is generally not considered "true" bilingualism but is a fairly common situation. 28
- 29. Additive vs. Subtractive •Additive bilingual: The learning of a second language does not interfere with the learning of a first language. Both languages are well developed. • Subtractive bilingual: The learning a second language interferes with the learning of a first language. The second language replaces the first language. • Additive or subtractive bilingualism is related to the different status associated with the two languages in a society. 29
- 30. Elite vs. Folk •Elite bilingual: Individuals who choose to have a bilingual home, often in order to enhance social status. • Folk bilingual: Individuals who develop second language capacity under circumstances that are not often of their own choosing, and in conditions where the society does not value their native language. 30
- 31. Effects of thesecond language on the first language FIRST LANGUAGE SECOND LANGUAGE TRANSFER
- 32. Identify the bilingualprofile
- 33.
- 35. Moving Between Languages How do wetranslate between two languages?
- 36. Language Mixing Switching fromone language to another is termed a “crutch” syndrome. There are two types of language mixing: code-switching code-mixing
- 37. Language Mixing Code-switching involvesinserting whole utterances (inter-sentence) in a second, non- dominant language during conversation. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbj6ceDOd7 Code-mixing (or borrowing) involves the blending of non-dominant language words or phrases within an utterance (within- sentence). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6wW4EAY
- 38. Language Mixing Using thisdefinition, and presuming that English is the dominant language in the following utterances: “Is this what we are having for dinner today? Sira naba tuktok mo? [Are you crazy?] It’s not Saturday and I don’t eat tuyo [smoked/dried fish] except on Saturdays. It just doesn’t seem right!”
- 39. Language Mixing The firstitalicized utterance is a code-switch, while the second italicized word in the next utterance is a code-mix. Some say that this crutch syndrome is a model of incompetence.
- 40. Language Mixing: Example ATurkish-Arabic bilingual boy, knew the word for an object in each of his languages, but would choose the one which was easier for hım to pronounce. FOR EXAMPLE: Arabic = tiyyara English = plane He knew both the English word 'plane' and its Arabic equivalent 'tiyyara'.On the other hand, he preferred the English 'plane' to the Arabic 'tiyyara'.
- 41. From Prada tonada
- 42. Cognitive advantages ofbilingualism Growing up bilingual can be a tremendous blessing. In addition to the obvious benefit (i.e., the ability to speak and understand more than one language),
- 43. 1. Better metalinguisticawareness (ability to identify and describe characteristics and features of language); 2. Better classification skills; 3. Better concept formation; 4. Better analogical reasoning; 5. Better visual-spatial skills; 6. Better storytelling skills; 7. Better semantic development. 8. Prevention of some neurological disabilities?? COGNITIVE ADVANTAGES OF BILINGUALISM
- 44.
- 45. Bilingualism & Neurology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeVx68xGT0Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBLwDU6NIjo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TLEJN0xSyAForthe Brain, the Benefits of Being Bilingual Bilingualism Delays Alzheimer's Speaking 2nd Language Could Delay Alzheimer's, Memory Loss
- 47.
Editor's Notes
- #5 an international perspective speaking more than one language is