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![Authority Work Before RDA
● Identification and disambiguation
● Constructing a unique “heading” or “authorized access point” for index and
display
● Traditional authority practice as documented in FRAD (2009)
○ Construct the Authorized Access Point
○ Record variant forms of name
○ Record the Authorized Access Point for related entities
○ Include information identifying the rules under which the controlled [authorized] access points
were established
○ [Include] sources consulted
○ [Include] the cataloging agency responsible for establishing the controlled [authorized] access
point, etc.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/billey-final-apr11-180411201426/85/Billey-Just-Because-We-Can-Doesn-t-Mean-We-Should-18-320.jpg)
![Describe People as They Describe Themselves
● Record information about people as they describe themselves using
easily/readily available public sources of information
● Only record what is necessary for disambiguation (not necessarily
uniqueness)
● Take into account the following considerations:
○ “Is there potential for this information to harm the [person] through outing or violating the right
to privacy?
○ Is there an indication that the [person] consents to having this information shared publicly?
○ Will including this information help a library user in the search process?”
Thompson. “More Than a Name: A Content Analysis of Name Authority Records for Authors Who Self-Identify as Trans,”
Library Resources & Technical Services 60, no. 3 (July 2016), p. 152.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/billey-final-apr11-180411201426/85/Billey-Just-Because-We-Can-Doesn-t-Mean-We-Should-35-320.jpg)
![Authority Work Before RDA
● Identification and disambiguation
● Constructing a unique “heading” or “authorized access point” for index and
display
● Traditional authority practice as documented in FRAD (2009)
○ Construct the Authorized Access Point
○ Record variant forms of name
○ Record the Authorized Access Point for related entities
○ Include information identifying the rules under which the controlled [authorized] access points
were established
○ [Include] sources consulted
○ [Include] the cataloging agency responsible for establishing the controlled [authorized] access
point, etc.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/billey-final-apr11-180411201426/75/Billey-Just-Because-We-Can-Doesn-t-Mean-We-Should-18-2048.jpg)
![Describe People as They Describe Themselves
● Record information about people as they describe themselves using
easily/readily available public sources of information
● Only record what is necessary for disambiguation (not necessarily
uniqueness)
● Take into account the following considerations:
○ “Is there potential for this information to harm the [person] through outing or violating the right
to privacy?
○ Is there an indication that the [person] consents to having this information shared publicly?
○ Will including this information help a library user in the search process?”
Thompson. “More Than a Name: A Content Analysis of Name Authority Records for Authors Who Self-Identify as Trans,”
Library Resources & Technical Services 60, no. 3 (July 2016), p. 152.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/billey-final-apr11-180411201426/75/Billey-Just-Because-We-Can-Doesn-t-Mean-We-Should-35-2048.jpg)
Billey Just Because We Can Doesn't Mean We Should
The document discusses the importance of neutrality in library and information science, emphasizing the distinction between personal beliefs and professional responsibilities. It outlines various user tasks from different models like FRBR and RDA, highlighting the potential biases and ethical considerations in authority work. The author calls for a reevaluation of authority practices to prioritize user needs while minimizing risks to privacy and misinformation.
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Billey Just Because We Can Doesn't Mean We Should
- 1. Just because wecan, doesn’t mean we should Amber Billey Systems & Metadata Librarian Bard College April 11, 2018
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- 4. ALA Ethics and Neutrality 1. Weprovide the highest level of service to all library users through appropriate and usefully organized resources; equitable service policies; equitable access; and accurate, unbiased, and courteous responses to all requests. 7. We distinguish between our personal convictions and professional duties and do not allow our personal beliefs to interfere with fair representation of the aims of our institutions or the provision of access to their information resources. http://www.ala.org/tools/ethics
- 5. Neutrality is taught “Informationprofessional are expected to remain objective and impartial in all their work related activities...(p.451)” “...information professional are expected to remain neutral…(p.451)” “Consequently, information professional often forego long philosophical debates over the nature of reality, aboutness, and subject determination, and just do the task--with an understanding that although cataloging is not a neutral act, we should attempt to keep our biases in check as much as possible while performing the process and remember that self-awareness is crucial (p. 452). Joudrey, D. N. , Taylor, A. G., & Wisser, K. M. (2018). The organization of information.
- 6. The essence ofour work (as catalogers)
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- 8. FRBR User Tasks ●to find entities that correspond to the user’s stated search criteria ○ (i.e., to locate either a single entity or a set of entities in a file or database as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity); ● to identify an entity ○ (i.e., to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics); ● to select an entity that is appropriate to the user’s needs ○ (i.e., to choose an entity that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user’s needs); ● to acquire or obtain access to the entity described ○ (i.e., to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection to a remote computer). https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf
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- 11. FRAD User Tasks ●Find ○ Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to a stated criteria… ; or to explore the universe of bibliographic entities using those attributes and relationships. ● Identify ○ ...confirm that the entity represented corresponds to the entity sought, to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics… or to validate the form of name to be used for a controlled access point. ● Contextualize ○ ...clarify the relationship between two or more persons, corporate bodies, works, etc.; or clarify the relationship between a person corporate body, etc., and a name by which that person, corporate body, etc. is known. ● Justify ○ Document the authority data creator’s reason for for choosing the name or form of name on which a controlled access point is based.
- 12. FRBR FRAD FRSAD FRBR FRAD FRSAD FRBR So many models. Somuch redundancy. Alignment was necessary.
- 13. IFLA-LRM User Tasks ●Find ○ To bring together information about one or more resources of interest by searching on any relevant criteria ● Identify ○ To clearly understand the nature of the resources found and to distinguish between similar resources ● Select ○ To determine the suitability of the resources found, and to be enabled to either accept or reject specific resources ● Obtain ○ To access the content of the resource ● Explore ○ To discovery resources using the relationships between them and thus place the resources in context https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr-lrm/ifla-lrm-august-2017_rev201712.pdf
- 14. IFLA-LRM Model ofRelationships https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr-lrm/ifla-lrm-august-2017_rev201712.pdf
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- 18. Authority Work BeforeRDA ● Identification and disambiguation ● Constructing a unique “heading” or “authorized access point” for index and display ● Traditional authority practice as documented in FRAD (2009) ○ Construct the Authorized Access Point ○ Record variant forms of name ○ Record the Authorized Access Point for related entities ○ Include information identifying the rules under which the controlled [authorized] access points were established ○ [Include] sources consulted ○ [Include] the cataloging agency responsible for establishing the controlled [authorized] access point, etc.
- 19. GARR IFLA’s Guidelines forAuthority Records and References (2001) Contains 7 Areas for Authority Records ● Authorised heading area ● Information note area ● See reference tracing area ● See also reference tracing area ● Cataloguer’s note area ● Source area ● International Standard Authority Data Number area ○ (An initiative that was abandoned after the a 2008 report by Tillett and Patton that recommended to focus on ISNI and VIAF instead)
- 20. FRAD (2009) Outlined Attributesof Persons ● Dates Associated with the person ● Title of person ● Gender ● Place of birth ● Place of death ● Country ● Affiliation ● Address ● Language of person ● Field of activity ● Profession/occupation ● Biography/history ● Other information associated with the person Related entities to Persons ● Name (appellation) ● Identifier (assigned)
- 21. FRAD codified inRDA Chapter 9: Identifying Persons ● Name of Person ● Date Associated with Person* ● Title of Person* ● Fuller Form of Name ● Other Designation Associated with Person* ● Gender* ● Place of Birth* ● Place of Death* ● Country Associated with Person* ● Place of Residence* ● Address of Person* ● Affiliation* ● Language of Person* ● Field of Activity of Person* ● Profession or Occupation* ● Biographic Information * ● Identifier of Person ● Constructing the Authorized Access Point *Element found in FRAD
- 22. Authority Work AfterRDA ● Aspiring to achieve FRAD User Tasks ○ Find, Identify, Contextualize, Justify ● We can create very useful author profiles, but we potentially generate a lot of redundant information ● We record facts, but we also can make (catalogers’) judgements
- 23. What harm couldRDA Authority work cause?
- 24. Bias. Misinformation. Missinginformation. Several elements ask us to record a term that could record bias, incorrect, or curated information. NACO (Name Authority COoperative of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging) best practice requires us to use a term approved controlled vocabularies. ● Gender ● Affiliation ● Field of Activity ● Profession or Occupation
- 25. Publishing personal information Potentiallyviolating privacy, publishing sensitive data, putting their personal information at risk, and possibly putting someone in danger. ● Gender ● Place of Birth ● Country ● Place of Residence ● Affiliation ● Address
- 27. Maybe it’s timewe question our own authority.
- 28. ACRL Framework for InformationLiteracy for Higher Education Authority is Constructed and Contextual ● Information resources reflect their creators’ expertise and credibility, and are evaluated based on the information need and the context in which the information will be used. ● Authority is constructed in that various communities may recognize different types of authority.
- 29. Do the newRDA elements help LRM User Tasks?
- 30. Let’s review andreflect ● Find ○ To bring together information about one or more resources of interest by searching on any relevant criteria ● Identify ○ To clearly understand the nature of the resources found and to distinguish between similar resources ● Select ○ To determine the suitability of the resources found, and to be enabled to either accept or reject specific resources ● Obtain ○ To access the content of the resource ● Explore ○ To discovery resources using the relationships between them and thus place the resources in context
- 31. Let’s review andreflect ● Find ○ To bring together information about one or more resources of interest by searching on any relevant criteria ● Identify ○ To clearly understand the nature of the resources found and to distinguish between similar resources ● Select ○ To determine the suitability of the resources found, and to be enabled to either accept or reject specific resources ● Obtain ○ To access the content of the resource ● Explore ○ To discovery resources using the relationships between them and thus place the resources in context
- 32. What can wedo?
- 33. KISS our authority work KeepIt Simple Smartstuff ● The truly neutral act would be just record the name, the associated Work and utilize URIs ● PCC ISNI Umbrella Membership Pilot ● NACO Lite ○ PCC Task Group on Identity Management in NACO ● IFLA LRM and 3R opportunity?
- 34. Keeping it simplefor shareability ● National Strategy for Sharable Local Name Authorities National Forum : White Paper -- Quality recommendation for data creators ○ Provide rich enough description metadata for disambiguation purposes now and, if possible, a little more for future disambiguation. ○ Provide as much non-sensitive data as possible… ○ Provide unique and persistent local identifiers ○ Reuse existing authority data...include external identifies ○ Do not make redundant data available ○ Include relevant external identifiers as links (e.g. ORCID, MusicBrainz, Wikidata, VIAF, IMDb), when known ○ Capture disambiguating data in fields/elements that are machine-actionable; use controlled vocabularies consistently ○ Adhere to documented data models and application profiles ○ Maintain provenance of the data, including source and revision history ○ ….
- 35. Describe People asThey Describe Themselves ● Record information about people as they describe themselves using easily/readily available public sources of information ● Only record what is necessary for disambiguation (not necessarily uniqueness) ● Take into account the following considerations: ○ “Is there potential for this information to harm the [person] through outing or violating the right to privacy? ○ Is there an indication that the [person] consents to having this information shared publicly? ○ Will including this information help a library user in the search process?” Thompson. “More Than a Name: A Content Analysis of Name Authority Records for Authors Who Self-Identify as Trans,” Library Resources & Technical Services 60, no. 3 (July 2016), p. 152.
- 36. We cannot fixwhat is always in flux.
- 37. “I live onEarth at present. And I don’t know what I am. I know that I am not a category. I am not a thing--a noun. I seem to be a verb, An evolutionary process-- An integral function of the universe.” Fuller, R. Buckminster., Agel, Jerome., & Fiore, Quentin. (2015). I Seem to Be a Verb. Gingko Pr Inc.
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