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Binocular vision
Binocular vision involves the coordinated use of both eyes to perceive a single image. It normally develops fully by age 4 and allows for fusion, stereopsis, and simultaneous perception. The development of binocular vision is dependent on normal visual experience during the first decade of life; abnormal visual experience can lead to poor or no binocular vision. Understanding the mechanism of binocular vision, including retinal correspondence and fusion, is important for diagnosing and treating abnormalities in binocular vision.
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Introduction of Siva Teja Challa and the topic of binocular vision.
Overview of binocular vision, including its definition, development, mechanisms, and abnormalities.
Binocular vision is defined as simultaneous vision with both eyes coordinating to fuse separate images.
Explores requisites and advantages of normal binocular vision.
Binocular vision development begins at 4 months, peaks at 2 years, and is well-developed by 4 years.
Various theories explaining binocular vision including correspondence, neurophysiological, and older theories.
Discusses key mechanisms involved in achieving binocular vision, including visual axis and retinal correspondence.
Detailed explanations of visual axis, retinal correspondence, egocentric localization, horopter, and Pannum's fusional area.
Grades of binocular vision include simultaneous perception, fusion, and stereopsis.
Covers retinal rivalry and abnormalities like confusion, diplopia, and suppression in binocular suppression.
Methods to investigate retinal correspondence and suppression including various tests.
Various testing methods like red glass test and after image testing for assessing binocular vision.
Discusses stereopsis testing, measuring acuity in seconds of arc, and qualitative and quantitative tests.
Development process and the impact of macular and extramacular aspects on binocular vision functionalities.
Summary emphasizing the development of binocular vision, effects of abnormal experiences, and treatment necessity.
Acknowledgment and thank you message to the audience.
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Binocular vision
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- 2. DEFINITION NORMALBINOCULAR VISION DEVELOPMENT OF BINOCULAR VISION THEORIES OF BINOCULAR VISION MECHANISM OF BINOCULAR VISION GRADES OF BINOCULAR VISION ABNORMALITIES OF BSV INVESTIGATIONS
- 3. DEFINITION State of simultaneousvision which is achieved by coordinated use of both eyes so that separate and slight dissimar images arising in each eye appreciated as single image by process of fusion
- 4. NORMAL BINOCULAR VISION REQUISITES ADVANTAGES
- 5. DEVELOPMENT OF BSV BEGINS AT 4 MONTHS OF AGE PEAKS 2 YRS WELL DEVELOPED 4 YRS SLOW DECLINE BY 9 YRS
- 6. THEORIES OF BINOCULAR VISION Theory of correspondence and disparity Neurophsiological theory Older theories Alternation theory Projection theory Motor theory Isomorphism theory
- 7. MECHANISM OF BINOCULAR VISION Visual axis Retinal correspondence Egocentric localisation Horopter Pannums fusional area
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- 9. RETINAL CORRESPONDENCE Normalretinal correspondence Abnormal retinal correspondence(ARC) Harmonius arc Un harmonius arc HARMONIUS angle of anamoly= angle of strabismus UNHARMONIUS angle of anamoly< angle of strabismus
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- 13. GRADES OF BINOCULAR VISION SIMULTANEOUS PERCEPTION FUSION STEREOPSIS
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- 15. ABNORMALITIES IN BSV Confusion Diplopia Supression central vs peripheral monocular vs alternate facultative vs obligatory
- 16. INVESTIGATIONS For retinalcorrespondence For supression 1.Red filter test 2.Worth FDT 3.Bagolinis striate glass test 4.After image testing
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- 22. Stereopsis testing Stereoacuity is a quantitative measure of stereopsis, it represents the smallest horizontal retinal image disparity that give rise to a sensation of depth. Stereopsis is measured in seconds of arc. 1degree=60minutes of arc, 1minute=60seconds of arc. Normal stereoacuity= <60seconds of arc.
- 23. Tests forstereopsis Qualitative Random dot stereograms Synaptophore Quantitative Titmus fly test TNO test Lang test
- 24. MACULAR EXTRAMACULAR BEGINS AT 2-3MONTHS MATURE AT BIRTH IF DEPRIVED NEVER DEVELOPS WILL NOT DEPRIVE POOR VN AND NYSTAGMUS -- SEVERES FIXATION --- ONCE DEVELOPED REINFORCEMENT REQUIRE TILL 9 YRS AGE --- OTHERWISE AMBLYOPIA DEVELOPS --- CONES AND PARVOCELLULAR GANGLION CELLS RODS AND MAGNOCELLULAR ANGLION CELLS 14’ OF ARC OF STEREOPSIS 200’ ARC OF STEREOPSIS
- 25. BV MACULAR EXTRAMACULAR SIMULTANEOUS PERCEPTION NONEEXCELLENT FUSION EXCELLENT LIMITED STEREOPSIS EXCELLENT LIMITED SO THERE ARE NO ADAPTATIONS IF MACULAR BINOCULAR VISION IS IMPAIRED AND THERE WILL BE LIMITED FUSION AND STEREOPSIS IF EXTRAMACULAR BV IS IMPAIRED SUPPRESSION AND ARC TAKES PLACE
- 26. SUMMARY BSV isnot inborn,but develops in the first decade of life Abnormal visual experience results in poor or no BSV Reversible only if intervened in the plastic period of development A good understanding of mechanism of BSV is fundamental in successive treatment of its anamolies
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